JP6397695B2 - 抗ピロリ菌剤 - Google Patents
抗ピロリ菌剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6397695B2 JP6397695B2 JP2014170880A JP2014170880A JP6397695B2 JP 6397695 B2 JP6397695 B2 JP 6397695B2 JP 2014170880 A JP2014170880 A JP 2014170880A JP 2014170880 A JP2014170880 A JP 2014170880A JP 6397695 B2 JP6397695 B2 JP 6397695B2
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Landscapes
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
(1)次式:
R1〜R9は、それぞれ独立に同一又は異なり、水素原子、水酸基、カルボニル基、オキソ基、置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルキニル基、置換若しくは非置換のアリール基、又は置換若しくは非置換のアラルキル基であり、ただし、R1〜R9の少なくとも1つがケトンであり、且つR1〜R9の少なくとも1つが置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルキル基であり、
X及びYは、一緒になって-CH2-CH2-又は-CH=CH-である]
で示される化合物又はその薬学的に許容される塩を含有する抗ピロリ菌剤。
(2)R1が置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルキル基であり、且つR6がケトンである、(1)記載の抗ピロリ菌剤。
(3)前記化合物が、次式:
R1〜R9は、それぞれ独立に同一又は異なり、水素原子、水酸基、カルボニル基、オキソ基、置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルキル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルケニル基、置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルキニル基、置換若しくは非置換のアリール基、又は置換若しくは非置換のアラルキル基であり、ただし、R1〜R9の少なくとも1つがケトンであり、且つR1〜R9の少なくとも1つが置換若しくは非置換のC1-12-アルキル基であり、X及びYは、一緒になって-CH2-CH2-又は-CH=CH-である]。
1) ビタミンD2やD3等のビタミンD類縁体の塩化ルテニウム等金属触媒及びメタ過ヨウ素酸ナトリウムによる酸化的開裂;
2) ビタミンD2やD3等のビタミンD類縁体のオゾン分解;
3) ビタミンD2やD3等のビタミンD類縁体の過マンガン酸カリウム及び過ヨウ素酸ナトリウムによる調製;
によって、本発明に係る化合物を合成することができる。
1. 材料及び方法
1-1. グランドマン・ケトン型インデン化合物(GKI)の合成
ビタミンD3の酸化的開裂によりグランドマン・ケトン型インデン化合物(GKI)を合成した。具体的には、酢酸エチル、アセトン及び水(3:3:1)の混液中に塩化ルテニウム(RuCl3)及びメタ過ヨウ素酸ナトリウム(NaIO4)を加え、室温常圧下で反応を行った。その後、反応液を0℃まで冷した後に、ビタミンD3を加えて撹拌し、徐々に温度を室温まで上昇させた。
ピロリ菌として、ピロリ菌5株(NCTC 11638株、ATCC 43504株、26695株、臨床分離株A-13及びA-19)を使用した。
ヒト細胞株として、ヒト胃癌細胞株MKN45(GeneticLab Co., Ltd.)及びヒト乳癌細胞株T47D(DS Pharma Biomedical Co., Ltd.)を使用した。培養を、非動化したウシ胎児血清(FCS)、HEPES(10 mM)、L-グルタミン(2 mM)、ペニシリン(100 U/ml)、ストレプトマイシン(100μg/ml)及びNaHCO3(0.2%)を含むRPMI 1640(Sigma-Aldrich Inc.)液体培地を用いて、5% CO2インキュベータ内で行った。
PPLO液体培地を用いて10倍段階希釈した菌液(100μl)を、非動化した5%のウマ血清を添加したブレイン・ハート・インフュージョン(Difco Laboratories)寒天平板培地上に塗布し、1日又は1週間培養した。培養後、適切な菌液希釈液が塗布された寒天培地上のコロニー数(菌数)を数え、その希釈倍数を基に、原液1 ml中の菌数を、コロニー・フォーミング・ユニット(CFU)として算出した。
菌液(10μl)をスライドグラスに塗布し自然乾燥させた後、菌細胞をスライドグラス上に火炎固定した。クーマシー・ブリリアント・ブルー(CBB)溶液(0.05% CBB、9% 酢酸、45.5% メタノール)をスライドグラス上に満遍なく滴下し、菌細胞を10分間染色した。染色後のスライドグラスを水道水で洗浄し、自然乾燥させた。
酢酸溶液(600μl)に可溶化した脂質試料を、400μl量の塩化第二鉄・硫酸試薬[0.2%の塩化第二鉄・6水和物を含むリン酸-硫酸(2:25)溶液]に添加し、激しく撹拌した後、室温で15分間放置した。冷却の後、その溶液の吸光度を、波長550 nmで測定した。脂質試料中のFC量を、FC標準曲線から算出した。
15mg量のジミリストイル・ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DMPE:Sigma-Aldrich Inc.)又はジパルミトイル・ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(DPPE:Sigma-Aldrich Inc.)を、150mM濃度のショ糖を含む4mlの50mMトリス緩衝液(pH 7.5)に添加し、6時間から8時間、冷却したバケットタイプの超音波発生装置の中で超音波処理した。顕微鏡下でベシクル形成を確認した後、PEベシクルを、50mMトリス緩衝液(pH 7.5)で3回洗浄した。洗浄後、0.1%のCBBを含む同緩衝液にPEベシクルを分散させ、さらに1時間超音波処理した後、PEベシクル浮遊液を、4℃で一夜振盪放置した。
およそ107 CFU/mlに調製した菌液を、種々の濃度のGKI存在下で24時間振盪放置し、24時間後にCFUが検出限界以下になる濃度(有効殺菌濃度:EBC)を決定した。
およそ107 CFU/mlに調製したピロリ菌液を、2μg/ml濃度のGKI、硫酸カナマイシン(EMD Biosciences Inc.)又はアモキシシリン(Sigma-Aldrich Inc.)存在下で、種々の時間まで振盪放置し、CFUを測定した。
上記第1-7節で調製したCBB包含PEベシクル浮遊液(50μl)を、15μg量のGKIを含む1.45mlの50mMトリス緩衝液(pH 7.5)に添加し、37℃で2時間振盪放置した。PEベシクルを遠心分離により除去した後、PEベシクルから上清中に溶出したCBBの吸光度を波長590nmで測定した。
30μM濃度の2,6-ジ-O-メチル-β-シクロデキストリン(Sigma-Aldrich Inc.)を含む5mlのリン酸緩衝化生理食塩水(PBS)に浮遊させたピロリ菌(109 CFU)を、AnaeroPack(Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.)を用いて嫌気大気に設定したボックスの中で、10μg/ml濃度のGKIと共に、37℃で48時間振盪放置した。放置後、菌細胞をCBBで染色し、顕微鏡下で観察した。
2.5% FCS-RPMI 1640液体培地で、2×105/mlに調製したMKN45細胞又はT47D細胞の浮遊液(100μl)を、種々の濃度のGKIを含む同培養液(100μl)に添加し、72時間培養した。培養終了4時間前に、PBSを用いて5 mg/ml濃度に調製したMTT(Sigma-Aldrich Inc.)試薬の20μl量を、細胞培養液に添加した。培養上清を除去した後、生細胞によって産生されたフォルマザン・ブルー結晶を、5%の蟻酸を含むイソプロパノール溶液(200μl)で可溶化し、その150μl量の吸光度を、波長540nmで測定した。
2-1. GKIの種々の細菌に対する有効殺菌濃度
ピロリ菌5株に対するGKIの有効殺菌濃度(EBC)は1.5〜2.5μg/mlであることが確認された。一方、ピロリ菌以外の他の7菌種(大腸菌、サルモネラ、肺炎桿菌、セラチア、プロテウス、緑膿菌及び黄色ブドウ球菌)に対して、GKIは全く抗菌作用を示さず、50μg/ml濃度のGKI存在下でさえ、これらの細菌種は、GKI非存在下で培養したのと同様に、増殖した(図1)。このことから、GKIはピロリ菌に対して選択的且つ効果的に作用する抗菌物質であることが示された。
GKIのピロリ菌に対する殺菌能を他の抗生物質と比較した結果、GKIは殺菌的に作用する広域スペクトルの抗生物質よりも、著しく急速にピロリ菌を殺菌することが判明した(図1)。
GKIは、ピロリ菌の最も主要なPE分子種の一つのDMPEで調製したPEベシクルからのCBB溶出を強く誘導した。一方、比較対照として用いたDPPEベシクルからのCBB溶出は、ほとんど誘導しなかった(図2)。これらの結果は、GKIがピロリ菌PE(DMPE)と強く相互作用し、そのベシクル構造を崩壊させるということを示す。
ピロリ菌は、嫌気大気に暴露されると、螺旋状の桿菌から球状の菌体に形態学的に変化することが知られている。図3に示すように、GKI非存在下の嫌気大気下で放置したピロリ菌は、桿菌状の菌体から球状の菌体へと変化した。一方、GKI存在下で放置したピロリ菌液中には、球状化した菌体は、ほとんど認められず、細胞残渣のようなものが観察された。この結果は、ピロリ菌がGKIの作用によって溶菌したことを示唆する。
1μMから10μMの濃度域のGKI存在下で培養したMKN45細胞及びT47D細胞において、明らかな増殖指数(proliferation index)の低下は認められず、増殖指数は、GKI非存在下で培養した細胞の増殖指数をほぼ維持し推移した(図4)。これらの結果から、GKIのヒト細胞に対する毒性は極めて弱いことが示された。
GKIの薬理学的特徴として、以下のことが明らかとなった:
(1)ピロリ菌に対して強い殺菌作用を示す;
(2)ピロリ菌に対する殺菌作用は、広域スペクトルの抗生物質の殺菌作用よりも極めて即効性である;
(3)他の一般的な細菌種の生存には全く影響しないと同時に、他の一般的な細菌種の薬剤耐性発現にも影響しない;
(4)ヒト細胞に対する毒性が極めて弱い(これは、人体に対する副作用が極めて弱いことを示唆する)。
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