JP6393020B2 - 2次電池用正極材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
2次電池用正極材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6393020B2 JP6393020B2 JP2011272492A JP2011272492A JP6393020B2 JP 6393020 B2 JP6393020 B2 JP 6393020B2 JP 2011272492 A JP2011272492 A JP 2011272492A JP 2011272492 A JP2011272492 A JP 2011272492A JP 6393020 B2 JP6393020 B2 JP 6393020B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- electrode material
- sodium
- lithium
- secondary battery
- Prior art date
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Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 manganese fluorophosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RGVLTEMOWXGQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001149724 Cololabis adocetus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical compound [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HDJUVFZHZGPHCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);oxalate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O HDJUVFZHZGPHCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021569 Manganese fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L difluoromanganese Chemical compound F[Mn]F CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WAFGIFIAAXVSSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoro-dioxido-oxo-lambda5-phosphane manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn++].[O-]P([O-])(F)=O WAFGIFIAAXVSSI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019880 (Na,Li)2FePO4F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010000117 Abnormal behaviour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WKFBZNUBXWCCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trifluoride Chemical compound FP(F)F WKFBZNUBXWCCHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFUQCRZBKUBHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl fluoride Chemical compound FP(F)(F)=O FFUQCRZBKUBHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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Description
[一般式]
LiXNa2−XMnPO4F (1)
但し、0<X<2である。
また、前記2次電池用正極材料は、導電性を向上させるためにカーボンをコーティングし、3.7V〜4.0Vで放電による電位平坦面を示すことが好ましい。
製造されたLi X Na 2−X MnPO 4 Fは1次粒子の大きさが300nmであることを特徴とする。
前記段階(i)は、ボールミルを用いて6時間均一に混合した混合物を300℃で2時間空気雰囲気で前処理して得られた混合物を300℃で2時間空気雰囲気で前処理した後、500℃、6時間、アルゴンガスの雰囲気で焼成することを特徴とする。
前記段階(ii)は、段階(i)から得られた正極材料にイオン交換法を用いてリチウム挿入/ナトリウム脱離によりリチウムイオンを正極材料内に挿入する過程を含むことを特徴とする。
前記段階(ii)は、段階(i)により合成した正極材料に化学的にナトリウムを脱離した後、化学的にリチウムを挿入する過程を含むことを特徴とする。
前記段階(ii)から得られた正極材料とカーボン導電材を60:40〜90:10の比率で均一に混合し、ボールミルする過程によりカーボン導電材を正極表面に均一にコーティングして電気伝導度を高めることを特徴とする。
前記ナトリウム酸化物の前駆体は、リン酸ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸ナトリウム、フッ化ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、臭化ナトリウム、またはこれらの混合物から選択された何れか1つであることを特徴とする。
前記マンガン酸化物の前駆体は、マンガン金属、酸化マンガン、シュウ酸マンガン、酢酸マンガン、硝酸マンガン、またはこれらの混合物から選択された何れか1つであることを特徴とする。
前記リン酸化物の前駆体は、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、またはこれらの混合物から選択された何れか1つであることを特徴とする。
前記イオン交換法を用いてリチウムを挿入する場合、イオン交換を誘発する物質としてLiBrまたはLiIを用いることを特徴とする。
前記イオン交換法に用いられる物質のLiBrまたはLiIは、その濃度が0.5M以上でイオン交換することを特徴とする。
[一般式]
LiXNa2−XMnPO4F
但し、0<X<2である。
本発明は、下記の一般式(1)で表される化合物を含む2次電池用正極材料を提供する。
[化1]
LiXNa2−XMnPO4F (1)
前記一般式(1)でxの範囲は、0<x<2である。
本発明の正極材料は、ナトリウム酸化物またはその前駆体、マンガン酸化物またはその前駆体、リン酸化物またはその前駆体、フッ化物またはその前駆体をボールミル(Ball mill)を用いて均一に混合して前処理段階が行われ、このように前処理段階から得られた混合物を焼成する熱処理段階により2次電池用正極材料Na2MnPO4Fが製造される。
以下、本発明を具体的な実施例を挙げて詳細に説明するが、本発明の権利範囲がこれら実施例に限定されることはない。
定量の炭酸ナトリウム(Na2HCO3)、シュウ酸マンガン二水和物(MnC2O4・2H2O)、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)、リン酸アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を総量10g基準に投入して6時間ボールミル(ball mill)して均一に混合した。
定量の炭酸ナトリウム(Na2HCO3)、シュウ酸マンガン二水和物(MnC2O4・2H2O)、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)、リン酸アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を総量10g基準に投入して6時間ボールミル(ball mill)して均一に混合した。
定量の炭酸ナトリウム(Na2HCO3)、シュウ酸マンガン二水和物(MnC2O4・2H2O)、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)、リン酸アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を総量10g基準に投入して6時間ボールミル(ball mill)して均一に混合した。
実施例1と同じ条件により得られたNa2MnPO4Fをイオン交換過程を経ることなく、Super−Pと75:25の比率でボールミルを用いて均一に混合して正極材料複合体を製造した。
定量の炭酸ナトリウム(Na2HCO3)、シュウ酸マンガン二水和物(MnC2O4・2H2O)、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)、リン酸アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を総量10g基準に投入して6時間ボールミル(ball mill)して均一に混合した。
定量の炭酸ナトリウム(Na2HCO3)、シュウ酸マンガン二水和物(MnC2O4・2H2O)、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)、リン酸アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を総量10g基準に投入して6時間ボールミル(ball mill)して均一に混合した。
定量の炭酸ナトリウム(Na2HCO3)、シュウ酸マンガン二水和物(MnC2O4・2H2O)、フッ化ナトリウム(NaF)、炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)、リン酸アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を総量10g基準に投入して6時間ボールミル(ball mill)して均一に混合した。
実施例1〜3と比較例1〜10により製造された正極材料の1次粒子の大きさと正極材料の金属組成分析をICP発光分光分析により測定し、下記表1に示した。
Claims (12)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるマンガン系フッ化リン酸塩化合物を含み、該マンガン系フッ化リン酸塩化合物は、1次粒子大きさが300nmであることを特徴とするリチウム2次電池用正極材料。
[一般式]
LiXNa2−XMnPO4F (1)
但し、0<X<2である。 - 前記一般式(1)を含む2次電池用正極材料は、導電性を向上させるためにカーボンをコーティングし、3.7V乃至4.0Vで放電による電位平坦面を示すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料。
- (i)ナトリウム(Na)酸化物またはその前駆体、マンガン(Mn)酸化物またはその前駆体、リン(P)酸化物またはその前駆体、フッ化物(F)またはその前駆体をボールミルを用いて均一に混合して前処理した後、焼成することによりNa2MnPO4Fを合成する段階と、
(ii)前記(i)段階で合成された正極材料にイオン交換法を用いてリチウムを挿入してLiXNa2−XMnPO4F(但し、0<X<2である。)を合成する段階と、
を含み、
製造されたLi X Na 2−X MnPO 4 Fは、1次粒子大きさが300nmであることを特徴とするリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記段階(i)は、
前記ボールミルを用いて6時間均一に混合した混合物を300℃で2時間空気雰囲気で前処理した後、500℃、6時間、アルゴンガスの雰囲気で焼成することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記段階(ii)は、
前記段階(i)から得られた前記正極材料にイオン交換法を用いてリチウム挿入/ナトリウム脱離によりリチウムイオンを正極材料内に挿入する過程を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記段階(ii)は、
前記段階(i)により合成した前記正極材料に化学的にナトリウムを脱離した後、化学的にリチウムを挿入する過程を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。 - 前記段階(ii)から得られた正極材料とカーボン導電材を60:40乃至90:10の比率で均一に混合し、ボールミルする過程によりカーボン導電材を正極表面に均一にコーティングして電気伝導度を高めることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。
- 前記ナトリウム酸化物の前駆体は、リン酸ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸ナトリウム、フッ化ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、臭化ナトリウム、またはこれらの混合物から選択された何れか1つであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。
- 前記マンガン酸化物の前駆体は、マンガン金属、酸化マンガン、シュウ酸マンガン、酢酸マンガン、硝酸マンガン、またはこれらの混合物から選択された何れか1つであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。
- 前記リン酸化物の前駆体は、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、またはこれらの混合物から選択された何れか1つであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。
- 前記イオン交換法を用いてリチウムを挿入する場合、イオン交換を誘発する物質としてLiBrまたはLiIを用いることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。
- 前記イオン交換法に用いられる物質のLiBrまたはLiIは、その濃度が0.5M以上でイオン交換することを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム2次電池用正極材料の製造方法。
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