JP6364683B2 - Rudder and ship - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rudder and a ship.

  In a ship having a propeller as a propulsion device on the stern side, it is known that a hub vortex is formed from the hub portion of the propeller toward the stern side. Since this hub vortex causes a pressure drop behind the hub portion of the propeller, there are problems such as an increase in resistance and a decrease in propulsion efficiency.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a ship including a rudder having a ladder valve that diffuses a hub vortex on the stern side of a hub portion of a propeller. These ladder valves have a diameter equivalent to the hub portion of the propeller and have a spherical shape on the bow side.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, in order to simplify the manufacturing process of the rudder which has a ladder valve, after attaching a ladder valve with respect to the assembly which assembled the horizontal rib and the vertical rib, according to the shape of a ladder valve. There has been proposed a technique for joining an outer plate having a notch to a side surface of an assembly.

  Patent Document 3 proposes a technique for forming a planned break line or a planned break point on the side surface of the ladder fin so that the ladder valve is broken when a pressure or impact exceeding a predetermined level is applied. Has been.

  The ladder valves in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above are often mounted on a control surface having a spindle shape in cross section, and a certain work accuracy is required for the mounting work. Therefore, skill was required for work.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 4, two plate-like members are steered so as to intersect each other on the extension of the rotation axis of the propeller so that a hub vortex diffusing portion for diffusing the hub vortex can be easily formed. A technique for fixing to the above has been proposed.

JP2013-107522A JP 2013-256215 A JP 2008-120370 A JP 2013-129408 A

However, since the hub vortex diffusing portion described in Patent Document 4 is formed by combining rectangular flat plates, on the propeller side, not only the hub vortex but also the swirl flow of the propeller for obtaining propulsive force is inhibited. There is a possibility that. Furthermore, in the flat plate that forms the hub vortex diffusing portion, separation may occur in the water flow from the propeller toward the rudder. Therefore, the propulsion efficiency by the propeller may be reduced.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a rudder that can be easily assembled and can diffuse a hub vortex while suppressing a reduction in propulsion efficiency, and a ship. To do.

In order to solve the above problems, the following configuration is adopted.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the rudder is disposed behind the propeller for propelling the hull and turns the hull, and is provided at the front edge of the rudder main body and the central axis of the propeller. A plate member formed in a plate shape whose outer edge is curved so that the width dimension gradually increases from the front end toward the rear, and the front part of the plate member has a width dimension. the outer edge portion is formed so as to decrease gradually with increasing rate of directed rearwardly from the front end that are curved in a convex shape.
In this way, the outer edge of the plate member is curved toward the rear from the front end, so that the plate-shaped member is compared with the case where a substantially perpendicular corner is formed at the front end of the plate member. It can suppress that the swirling flow by a propeller is inhibited while using. Furthermore, it can suppress that peeling arises in the water flow which goes to a rudder from a propeller. As a result, the hub vortex can be diffused while being easily assembled and suppressing the propulsion efficiency from being lowered.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the rudder may be provided with a plurality of plate members in the first aspect and intersect so that the centerlines in the width direction overlap each other.
By providing a plurality of plate members in this way, the effect of diffusing the hub vortex can be improved compared to the case where only one plate member is provided.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the rudder may have a curved portion in which the plate member in the first or second aspect is curved toward the rotation direction of the propeller.
With this configuration, since the swirling flow of the hub vortex is guided by the curved portion, the hindrance of the hub vortex is suppressed, and the swirling of the hub vortex is rapidly hindered. It can suppress that resistance becomes large. As a result, propulsion efficiency by the propeller can be improved.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the rudder may be such that the plate member in any one of the first to third aspects has a wing shape in the cross section in the thickness direction.
As described above, since the cross section in the thickness direction of the plate member has a wing shape, the hub vortex can be prevented from being separated from the plate member in the thickness direction of the plate member.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the ship rotates around an axis extending in the fore-and-aft direction of the hull and propels the hull, the rudder in any one of the first to fourth aspects, Is provided.
By comprising in this way, a fuel consumption can be improved, spreading a hub vortex and suppressing the damage of a rudder. Moreover, since it can assemble easily, the period concerning ship construction can be shortened.

  According to the rudder and the ship, the hub vortex can be diffused while being easily assembled and suppressing a reduction in propulsion efficiency.

It is a side view which shows the ship in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the rudder in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a front view of the rudder in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the hub eddy diffusion part simple substance in a first embodiment of this invention. It is a side view equivalent to FIG. 2 in the 1st modification of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a front view equivalent to FIG. 3 in the 1st modification of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a front view equivalent to FIG. 3 in the 2nd modification in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a front view equivalent to FIG. 3 in the 3rd modification in 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a side view equivalent to FIG. 2 in 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a front view of the hub eddy diffusion part in a second embodiment of this invention. It is a side view equivalent to FIG. 9 in the modification of 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a front view equivalent to FIG. 10 in the modification of 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a side view equivalent to FIG. 2 in 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a front view equivalent to FIG. 3 in 3rd embodiment of this invention.

Next, a rudder and a ship according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a ship according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the ship 1 in this embodiment includes a main hull 2, a propeller 3, and a rudder 4.
The main hull 2 in this embodiment includes a bossing 5. The bossing 5 is formed on the bottom of the stern side of the center of the main hull 2 in the longitudinal direction. The bossing 5 supports the propeller 3 in a rotatable manner.

The propeller 3 includes a hub 6 and a blade 7.
The hub 6 rotates by an output transmitted from a power source (not shown) such as an engine via a transmission, a shaft, or the like. The hub 6 supports a plurality of blades 7.

A plurality of blades 7 extend radially from the hub 6. In other words, the root of the blade 7 is fixed to the hub 6 and extends outward in the radial direction. These blades 7 have a predetermined wing shape.
When the propeller 3 rotates in a predetermined direction around the rotation axis O, a swirl flow toward the stern side is formed by the blade 7 and a propulsive force for moving forward to the ship 1 is applied. The rudder 4 is disposed behind the propeller 3. More specifically, the rudder 4 is arranged on an extension line O1 obtained by extending the rotation axis O of the propeller 3 rearward.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the rudder in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a front view of the rudder in the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rudder 4 includes a rudder shaft 8, a rudder main body 9, and a hub vortex diffusing portion 10.
The rudder shaft 8 extends from the bottom of the main hull 2 downward in the vertical direction. The rudder shaft 8 is rotatable around an axis extending in the vertical direction. A rudder main body 9 is attached to the lower portion of the rudder shaft 8.

  The rudder main body 9 can swing when the rudder shaft 8 rotates. The rudder main body 9 in this embodiment has a width dimension from a front edge portion 11 on the propeller 3 side to a rear edge portion 12 that is opposite to the propeller 3 in the horizontal direction as it goes downward in the vertical direction from the upper edge portion. However, it is formed so as to be gradually reduced. Moreover, the thickness of the rudder main body 9 is formed so as to gradually decrease from the upper edge portion 13 toward the lower side.

  The rudder body 9 is driven by a drive device (not shown) provided with a motor or the like. According to the rudder 4, when the rudder main body 9 is swung from a straight traveling state extending in the bow-stern direction, one side of the water flow rudder main body 9 generated by the propeller 3 has negative pressure, and the negative pressure is increased to the stern. The main hull 2 turns by moving.

  Here, the propeller 3 described above generates a hub vortex toward the rear of the hub 6 separately from the swirling flow by the blade 7 by rotating in the direction in which the main hull 2 moves forward. Hub vortices can create hub vortex cavitation and damage rudder 4. The hub vortex does not contribute as a driving force for the main hull 2 to move forward.

  The hub vortex diffusion unit 10 has a function of diffusing the hub vortex described above. Here, the diffusion of the hub vortex means that the flow of the hub vortex that is about to converge on the extension line O1 of the rotation axis O of the propeller 3 is spaced radially outward from the extension line O1 around the entire extension line O1. Means that. The hub vortex diffusing portion 10 is provided at the front edge portion 11 of the rudder main body 9. The hub vortex diffusing portion 10 in this embodiment is constituted by a combination of a plurality of, more specifically, two plate members 14.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the hub vortex diffusion unit alone in the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, these plate members 14 are each formed in a plate shape having a predetermined thickness. The front portion 15 on the propeller 3 side of the plate member 14 is formed such that its width dimension W1 gradually increases from the front end portion 16a toward the rear. More specifically, the increasing rate of the width dimension W1 in the front portion 15 is formed so as to gradually decrease from the front end portion 16a toward the rear. Thereby, as for the plate member 14, the outer edge part 16b of the front part 15 is curving in convex shape.

  Further, the rear portion 17 of the plate member 14 is formed such that the width dimension W1 gradually decreases toward the rear. More specifically, the rear portion 17 of the plate member 14 is formed such that the decreasing rate of the width dimension W1 gradually decreases toward the rear. Thereby, as for the plate member 14, the outer edge part 16b of the rear part 17 is also curving slightly convexly. The decreasing rate of the width dimension W1 of the rear portion 17 of the plate member 14 changes more gently than the increasing rate of the width dimension W1 of the front portion. By being formed in this way, the plate member 14 has a spindle shape in plan view.

  The maximum value of the width dimension W1 of the plate member 14 in this embodiment is set to be equal to or smaller than the diameter of the hub 6 of the propeller 3 described above. Thus, the swirl flow generated by the blade 7 of the propeller 3 is not hindered. Here, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the front end portion 16a of the plate member 14 has a curved shape curved in a plan view is illustrated. However, the shape of the front end portion 16a in plan view is not limited to a curved shape, and may be a pointed shape.

  Of the two plate members 14, one plate member 14 and the other plate member 14 have the same shape. In the following description, one plate member 14 is referred to as a first plate member 14A, and the other plate member 14 is referred to as a second plate member 14B. Moreover, only when it is not necessary to distinguish between the first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B, they are collectively referred to as “plate member 14”.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first plate member 14 </ b> A is attached to the rudder main body 9 so as to be disposed on the central plane S <b> 1 in the thickness direction of the rudder main body 9. On the other hand, the second plate member 14B is attached to the rudder body 9 so as to intersect the first plate member 14A perpendicularly. In other words, the first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B intersect so that the center lines in the width direction of each other overlap each other. The center line of the first plate member 14 </ b> A and the center line of the second plate member 14 </ b> B are arranged on the extension line O <b> 1 of the rotation axis O of the propeller 3.

  The first plate member 14 </ b> A and the second plate member 14 </ b> B described above are assembled to the rudder main body 9 by welding or the like after being assembled so that the center lines in the width direction overlap each other. be able to. At this time, the rudder main body 9 is previously formed with vertical slits and horizontal slits (both not shown) corresponding to the first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B. What is necessary is just to insert the solid 18 from the rear part 17 side. Here, in this embodiment, the contours of the first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B have the same shape, and after the first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B are assembled, The case of inserting and fixing has been described. However, the configuration is not limited to this. For example, the first plate member 14 </ b> A and the second plate member 14 </ b> B are formed as individual parts with the portions exposed to the outside of the rudder body 9 described above, and these parts are welded to the rudder body 9. May be joined individually.

  Therefore, according to the rudder 4 of the first embodiment described above, the outer edge portion 16b of the plate member 14 is curved toward the rear direction from the front end portion 16a, so that the plate member 14 is rectangular and the front end portion 16a. As compared with the case where a corner portion substantially perpendicular to the angle is formed, it is possible to suppress the swirling flow by the propeller 3 from being inhibited while using a plate-like member. Further, it is possible to suppress separation of the water flow from the propeller 3 toward the rudder 4 due to the curvature of the outer edge portion 16b. As a result, the hub vortex can be diffused while being easily assembled and suppressing the propulsion efficiency from being lowered.

  In addition, the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 includes a first plate member 14A and a second plate member 14B, which are a plurality of plate members 14, respectively. Thus, the diffusion effect of the hub vortex can be improved.

(Modification of the first embodiment)
Next, the rudder in the first to third modifications of the first embodiment described above will be described. Each modification of the first embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above only in the number and mounting angle of the plate members 14. For this reason, the same parts as those of the first embodiment are described with the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

(First modification of the first embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 2 in a first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 3 in a first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
The first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B that constitute the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 are not limited to the angles of the first embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, there is a gap between a central plane S1 in the thickness direction of the rudder main body 9 and a plane S2 including an extension line O1 of the rotation axis O of the propeller 3 and perpendicular to the central plane S1. The first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B may be arranged. In this case, the arrangement of the first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B is an intermediate angle between the center plane S1 and the plane S2 (about 45 ° with respect to the center plane S1 and the plane S2) in a front view. It is preferable. In this case, since the plate members 14 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, the hub vortex diffusing effect by the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 can be made more uniform in the circumferential direction.

(Second and third modifications of the first embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 3 in a second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 3 in a third modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
In the first embodiment described above and the first modification of the first embodiment, the case where the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 is configured by the two plate members 14 has been described. However, the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 may be constituted by three or more plate members 14.

  For example, like the 2nd modification shown in FIG. 7, you may combine the plate member 14 in 1st embodiment, and the plate member 14 in the 1st modification of 1st embodiment. That is, the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 may be formed by combining four plate members 14.

  Moreover, you may make it add only one plate member 14 with respect to the plate member 14 in the 1st modification of 1st embodiment like the 3rd modification shown in FIG. In the case of the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 shown in FIG. 8, the case where the plate member 14 along the center plane S1 is added to the plate member 14 in the first modified example is illustrated. However, it is not limited to the plate member 14 along the center plane S1, and a plate member 14 along the plane S2 may be added.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 7, FIG. 8, it is not restricted to the case where the two plate members 14 along the center plane S1 and the plane S2 are used. That is, in FIGS. 7 and 8, the case where the plate member 14 is added to the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 of the first modified example of the first embodiment has been described, but the hub vortex diffusing portion of the first embodiment is described. A plate member 14 may be added to 10.

According to the second modification and the third modification of the first embodiment, since the number of plate members 14 can be increased, the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 diffuses the hub vortex more evenly all around. It becomes possible to make it.
Further, in the first embodiment and the first to third modifications of the first embodiment, the angular position of the plate member 14 in the circumferential direction is not limited to the above-described angular position.

(Second embodiment)
Next, a rudder according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The rudder in this second embodiment is different only in the shape of the rudder 4 of the first embodiment and the plate member 14. For this reason, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
FIG. 9 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 2 in the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a front view of the hub vortex diffusing portion in the second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the rudder 4 in the second embodiment includes a hub vortex diffusing portion 10. The hub vortex diffusing portion 10 includes four plate members 20.

  The four plate members 20 are arranged around the extension line O1 of the rotation axis O of the propeller 3, more specifically at every 90 degrees, at equal intervals. The plate member 20 in this embodiment is arranged on the center plane S1 and the plane S2. The plate member 20 has a bending portion 21 that curves in the direction of rotation of the propeller 3 (indicated by a large arrow in FIG. 10) in a front view. In other words, the bending portion 21 is such that the outer portion 22 of the plate member 20 is offset in the rotation direction of the propeller 3 relative to the inner portion 23 in the radial direction centered on the extension line O1 of the rotation axis O of the propeller 3. It is concavely curved.

  These four plate members 20 are integrated by fixing the base end portion 24 on the extension line O1 side to the plate members 20 adjacent on the opposite side to the rotation direction of the propeller 3 by welding or the like. Each base end portion 24 of the plate member 20 is fixed to the inner side portion 23 slightly outside in the radial direction from the base end portion 24 of the plate member 20 adjacent to the side opposite to the rotation direction of the propeller 3. In the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 in this embodiment, a hole 25 is formed on the extension line O1 side from a position where the base end portions 24 of the four plate members 20 are fixed. The holes 25 in this embodiment are filled with a filler or the like because there is a possibility that the water flow may be disturbed.

  The plate member 20 is formed such that the width dimension in the radial direction centered on the extension line O1 gradually increases from the front end portion 16a toward the rear. Thereby, as for the plate member 20, the outer edge part 16b of the front part 15 is curving in convex shape. The rear portion 17 of the plate member 20 is formed so that the width dimension gradually decreases.

Therefore, according to the second embodiment described above, the swirling flow of the hub vortex is guided radially outward (in the direction of the small arrow in FIG. 10) along the curved portion 21, so that the swirling of the hub vortex is inhibited. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the increase in resistance of the propeller 3 caused by the inhibition of the swirling of the hub vortex. As a result, the propulsion efficiency by the propeller 3 can be improved.
Further, since the base end portion 24 of the plate member 20 is fixed to the plate member 20 adjacent to the side opposite to the rotation direction of the propeller 3, a tubular portion is formed on the base end portion 24 side of each plate member 20. The Therefore, by forming the tubular portion in this way, it is possible to ensure sufficient strength against the force acting by the swirling of the hub vortex.

  Here, in the second embodiment described above, the arrangement of the four plate members 20 around the extension line O1 is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. For example, the arrangement of the plate members 20 shown in FIG. 10 may be shifted in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, although the case where the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 is formed by the four plate members 20 has been described, it may be formed by the three plate members 20 or may be formed by the five or more plate members 20. .

(First modification of the second embodiment)
FIG. 11 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 9 in a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 10 in a modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
In 2nd embodiment mentioned above, the case where the hub vortex diffusion part 10 was formed with the four plate members 20 which have the curved part 21 was demonstrated. However, the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 is not limited to being formed by the four plate members 20 having the curved portions 21 as in the second embodiment.

  As in the modification of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, for example, two plates each having two bending portions 21 that bend in the rotation direction of propeller 3 (the direction indicated by a large arrow in FIG. 12). The member 26 may constitute the hub vortex diffusing unit 10. As in the first embodiment, the two plate members 26 of the modification of the second embodiment are formed so as to intersect with each other so that the center lines in the width direction overlap each other. By being formed in this way, the two plate members 26 are respectively formed with curved portions 21 at portions extending radially outward from the extension line O1.

  Therefore, according to the modification of the second embodiment, in addition to improving the propulsion efficiency of the propeller 3 as in the second embodiment, the number of parts is further reduced to reduce the burden on the assembly operator. Is possible.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a rudder according to a third embodiment of the invention will be described. This third embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above only in the cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction of the plate member 14. For this reason, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

FIG. 13 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 2 in the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a front view corresponding to FIG. 3 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 includes a first plate member 14 </ b> A and a second plate member 14 </ b> B as the two plate members 14. Each of the first plate member 14 and the second plate member 14B has a wing-shaped cross-sectional shape in the thickness direction. The first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B have a positive pressure surface 30 whose surface is opposite to the rotation direction of the propeller 3 (the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 14) in the circumferential direction around the extension line O1. It is said that. Further, in the first plate member 14A and the second plate member 14B, the surface facing the rotation direction of the propeller 3 (the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 14) is the negative pressure surface 31 in the circumferential direction around the extension line O1. ing. The positive pressure surface 30 and the negative pressure surface 31 are gradually curved to the side opposite to the rotation direction of the propeller 3 toward the rear at the rear portion 17, and the thickness of the plate member 14 is gradually decreased toward the rear.

  As a result, the hub vortex can be diffused while smoothly guiding the flow in the direction of canceling the swirling by the hub vortex. For this reason, the propulsion efficiency can be improved by rectifying the water flow behind the propeller 3. Moreover, since it can suppress that a water flow peels from the board member 14 in the thickness direction of the board member 14, the resistance increase of the propeller 3 can be suppressed.

  Here, in the third embodiment, the case where two plate members 14 are arranged as in the first embodiment has been described. However, as shown in the first to third modifications of the first embodiment, The member 14 may be arranged.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modifications, and various modifications are made to the above-described embodiments and modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention. Including things. That is, the specific shapes, configurations, and the like given in the embodiments and the modifications are merely examples, and can be changed as appropriate.

  For example, in the first embodiment described above, the case where the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 is formed by a combination of a plurality of plate members 14 has been described. However, the hub vortex diffusing portion 10 only needs to include at least one plate member 14. When only one plate member 14 is provided, the plate member 14 attached to the rudder main body 9 may be arranged so that the center surface in the width direction extends in the vertical direction, or arranged so as to extend in the horizontal direction. Also good.

  Moreover, you may make it provide the curved part 21 like the 1st modification of 2nd embodiment with respect to the plate member 14 of 3rd embodiment mentioned above.

  Furthermore, in each embodiment mentioned above and each modification, the case where the hub vortex diffusion part 10 was provided in the front edge part 11 of the rudder main body 9 was demonstrated. However, when the rudder body 9 includes a ladder horn, a hub vortex diffusing portion may be provided at the front edge of the ladder horn.

1 Ship 2 Main hull (hull)
3 Propeller 4 Rudder 5 Bossing 6 Hub 7 Blade 8 Rudder Shaft 9 Rudder Main Body 10 Hub Vortex Diffusion Portion 11 Front Edge 12 Rear Edge 14 Plate Member 15 Front 16a Front End 16b Outer Edge 17 Rear 18 Assembly 20 Plate Member 21 Curved portion 22 Outer portion 23 Inner portion 24 Base end portion 26 Plate member 30 Positive pressure surface 31 Negative pressure surface O Rotation axis (central axis)
O1 extension line S1 center plane S2 plane

Claims (5)

A rudder main body arranged behind the propeller for propelling the hull and turning the hull;
A plate provided on the front edge of the rudder main body and disposed on an extension of the central axis of the propeller, and formed in a plate shape whose outer edge is curved so that the width dimension gradually increases from the front end toward the rear. comprising a member,
Front portion of the plate member, steering the outer edge portion is formed so as to gradually decrease the you are convexly curved with the increasing rate of the width dimension toward the rear from the front end.   The rudder according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the plate members are provided and intersect so that centerlines in the width direction overlap each other.   The rudder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plate member has a curved portion that curves in a rotation direction of the propeller.   The rudder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a cross section in the thickness direction of the plate member has a wing shape. The hull,
A propeller that rotates about an axis extending in the bow-stern direction of the hull and propels the hull;
A ship provided with the rudder according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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