JP6359859B2 - Milk oyster culture system - Google Patents
Milk oyster culture system Download PDFInfo
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- JP6359859B2 JP6359859B2 JP2014079077A JP2014079077A JP6359859B2 JP 6359859 B2 JP6359859 B2 JP 6359859B2 JP 2014079077 A JP2014079077 A JP 2014079077A JP 2014079077 A JP2014079077 A JP 2014079077A JP 6359859 B2 JP6359859 B2 JP 6359859B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Description
本発明は、ミルクイ貝の種苗を効率的に養殖する方法及び養殖用基質に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for efficiently cultivating seedlings of milk oysters and an aquaculture substrate.
アカガイ、ハマグリ、アサリなどの埋在性二枚貝の養殖は、一般に地蒔き式養殖が採用されているが、海底砂地の環境変化によって貝の生育が影響され易いという問題、養殖面積が限られ、成長した貝の収穫に手間がかかるという問題があった。埋在性二枚貝の一種であるタイラギ、ミルクイ貝など有用二枚貝の養殖は、これらの環境の生息阻害要因を回避する目的で、カキ、ホタテ貝、アコヤ貝などのいわゆる表在性の二枚貝のように養殖用籠内に収納して海中に垂下する養殖方法を採用することが考えられ、上記アカガイ、ハマグリ、アサリなどの埋在性二枚貝のように砂地に生息する貝類では、容器内に砂などの基質を入れて稚貝や子貝を収納していた（特許文献１）。 The cultivation of buried bivalves such as red scallops, clams and clams is generally carried out by land-based culture. There was a problem that it took time to harvest the shellfish. The breeding of useful bivalves such as the oysters and milk oysters, which are a kind of buried bivalves, is like the so-called superficial bivalves such as oysters, scallops and pearl oysters in order to avoid these habitats It is conceivable to adopt an aquaculture method that is housed in aquaculture cages and suspended in the sea.For shellfish that live in sandy areas such as the above-mentioned buried clams such as red sea bream, clams, and clams, The substrate was put in and the larvae and larvae were stored (Patent Document 1).
しかし、基質として砂を使用する場合、砂の比重の大きさに起因して、容器内への基質の充填や、砂が充填された容器の移動の労力負担が大きいという問題があった。そこで、軽量且つ所望の粒径のものが入手可能なアンスラサイトなどの使用が試みられた。これにより、労力負担は軽減されたが、アンスラサイトは高価で、初期投資が上昇してしまうという問題が新たに生じた。 However, when sand is used as a substrate, there is a problem that due to the specific gravity of the sand, the labor load of filling the substrate into the container and moving the container filled with sand is large. Thus, attempts have been made to use anthracite, which is lightweight and has a desired particle size. As a result, the labor burden has been reduced, but anthracite is expensive and the initial investment has increased.
以上の説明のように、タイラギ、ミルクイ貝など有用二枚貝の養殖は、カキやホタテの養殖に比べ普及していない原因の一つが、貝を埋在させるための基質を必要とすることであり、砂などをそのまま使用する場合にはその労力による人件費が高くなり、労力を抑えるためにアンスラサイトなどの高価な基質を使用すれば、この基質に掛かる費用が利益率を圧迫し、結果として単価が高い貝種であっても、実用化に至らないというのが現状である。 As explained above, the cultivation of useful bivalves such as larvae and milk oysters is one of the reasons that is not popular compared to the cultivation of oysters and scallops is that it requires a substrate to embed shellfish, If sand is used as it is, labor costs due to the labor will increase, and if an expensive substrate such as anthracite is used to reduce the labor, the cost of this substrate will press the profit margin, resulting in a unit price. Even if it is a high shellfish species, it is currently not practically used.
このように、タイラギ、ミルクイ貝など有用二枚貝の養殖に適し、軽くて安価な基質の開発が強く望まれている。 Thus, there is a strong demand for the development of a light and inexpensive substrate that is suitable for the cultivation of useful bivalves such as larvae and milk oysters.
本発明は、タイラギ、ミルクイ貝など有用二枚貝、特にミルクイ貝の垂下式の養殖に適した、安価で軽量の基質を提供することを課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and light-weight substrate suitable for hanging culture of useful bivalves such as larvae and milk oysters, particularly milk oysters.
本発明者らは、安価で軽量な種々の材料を使用して、ミルクイ貝の養殖実験を行ったところ、産業廃棄物である陶器の粉砕殻と籾殻の混合体を基質として使用することによりミルクイの稚貝が出荷可能な大きさまで生育することを確認し、本発明に至った。 The present inventors conducted a milk oyster culture experiment using various inexpensive and lightweight materials. By using a mixture of earthenware husks and rice husks of industrial waste as a substrate, the milk oysters were cultured. It was confirmed that young larvae grew to a size that could be shipped, and the present invention was achieved.
本発明の態様は以下のとおりである。
（１）内部に収容した基質を長期間にわたって保持し得る材質からなる筒状容器内に陶器殻と籾殻の混合物からなる基質を収納し、該養殖用容器内の基質中にミルクイ貝の稚貝または小貝を入れ、海水中に垂下することを特徴とするミルクイ貝の養殖方法。
（２）陶器殻と籾殻の配合割合が２：１〜１：２の範囲であることを特徴とする（１）の養殖方法。
（３）陶器殻と籾殻が２：１〜１：２の割合で配合されたミルクイ貝の稚貝または小貝を海水垂下式養殖籠で養殖するための基質。
Aspects of the present invention are as follows.
(1) A substrate made of a mixture of pottery shells and rice husks is housed in a cylindrical container made of a material capable of holding the substrate housed therein for a long period of time, and milk oyster shellfish is contained in the substrate in the aquaculture container Alternatively, a method for culturing milk oysters, wherein small shellfish are put and suspended in seawater.
(2) The cultivation method according to (1), wherein the mixing ratio of the ceramic shell and the rice husk is in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2.
(3) A substrate for culturing juvenile or small shellfish shellfish in which pottery shells and rice husks are mixed in a ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2 in a submerged culture trough.
本発明によれば、基質が安価で軽量なため、ミルクイ貝の垂下養殖に掛かる初期投資と作業負担を低減することができる。
また、本発明によれば、地蒔き式養殖では出荷サイズまでの生育期間が６年から１０年といわれているミルクイ貝を３年から４年で出荷サイズまで成長させることができる。
According to the present invention, since the substrate is inexpensive and lightweight, it is possible to reduce the initial investment and work burden required for drooping culture of milk mussels.
In addition, according to the present invention, milk oysters, which are said to have a growth period of up to 6 to 10 years, can be grown to a shipping size in 3 to 4 years.
本発明はミルクイ貝を対象としているが、ミルクイ貝と同じ埋在性二枚貝であるタイラギのように砂地や砂泥地に生息する貝類にも適用可能である。これらの貝を本発明の方法により養殖する場合、天然及び人工増殖によって得られた、月齢４〜６月程度の稚貝を用いる。 Although the present invention is intended for milk oysters, it can also be applied to shellfish that live in sandy or mudland, such as tyrami, which is the same buried bivalve as milk oysters. When these shellfish are cultivated by the method of the present invention, juveniles of about 4 to 6 months of age obtained by natural and artificial growth are used.
本発明で使用する「陶器の粉砕殻」は、粒径２〜１０ｍｍの陶器の粉砕物であり産業廃棄物として廃棄物処理場で生産される。したがって、全国どこでも入手可能な状況ではないが、拠点化を実現しつつあり、基質を必要とする二枚貝養殖に利用できる体制が整備されてきている。 The “ground earthenware shell” used in the present invention is a ground earthenware having a particle diameter of 2 to 10 mm, and is produced at a waste disposal site as industrial waste. Therefore, although it is not available anywhere in the country, it is becoming a base and a system that can be used for bivalve cultivation that requires a substrate has been established.
基質を収納する容器は、基質を長期間にわたり保持し、養殖貝の排泄物が容易に分解される程度の好気性が保たれるような透水性を有する材質から構成する。 The container for storing the substrate is made of a water-permeable material that holds the substrate for a long period of time and maintains the aerobic property so that the excrement of the cultured shellfish is easily decomposed.
容器の大きさは、基質を容器内に収納した場合の取扱いの便を考えると、２０Ｌ〜３０Ｌ（約２０〜３０ｋｇ）程度のものが好ましい。これ以上の大きさでは、作業者単独での取り扱いが困難となり、リフトなどの設備が必要となる。これ以下の大きさでは、収納できる個体数が少なくなり、実用的でない。 The size of the container is preferably about 20 L to 30 L (about 20 to 30 kg) considering the convenience of handling when the substrate is stored in the container. If the size is larger than this, handling by an operator alone becomes difficult, and equipment such as a lift is required. If the size is less than this, the number of individuals that can be stored decreases, which is not practical.
本発明の実施例では、従来からカキ養殖などに使用されている筏から透水性容器を垂下し、以下に説明するミルクイの飼育実験を行った。 In the Example of this invention, the water-permeable container was drooped from the cage | basket conventionally used for oyster culture etc., and the breeding experiment of milky explained below was conducted.
基質としてアンスラサイトを用いた人工種苗で生産され１年１０か月育成したミルクイ貝９６個を大、中、小に別け、下記の配合比の基質１５リットルとともに、プラスチック製ネット袋内に収納し、袋の開口部を紐で結束した。各袋当たり、大は４個、中は６個、小は６個と８個入りとして、袋ごと前記多段式養殖籠内に収納し、山口県のカキ養殖場内の竹筏から垂下養殖を約半年間行い、成長の違いを調べるため、一定期間ごとに各個体の長さと重さを計測した。 96 milk mussels produced with artificial seedlings using anthracite as a substrate and grown for 1 year and 10 months are divided into large, medium and small, and stored in a plastic net bag together with 15 liters of substrate with the following mixing ratio. The opening of the bag was bound with a string. Each bag contains 4 large, 6 medium, and 6 small and 8 in small pieces, and each bag is stored in the multi-stage culture culm, and drooping from bamboo culm in the oyster farm in Yamaguchi Prefecture. This was done for half a year, and the length and weight of each individual were measured at regular intervals in order to investigate the difference in growth.
測定結果を、図１〜４に示す。
殻長の伸び量は大きさによる差は少なかったが、重量は、６１日目から１７１日目までの約４月間で大４個の場合は平均６１．４ｇ、中６個の場合は平均４９．１ｇ、小６個の場合は平均４２．６ｇの増加で殻長の差によって重量の増加量に差が生じた。
また、基質の配合比による計測結果を表２、表３に示す。基質による成長の影響は、殻長に関しては大きな差が確認できず、重量の増加は、殻長の差によって多少の差が認められたが、陶器殻のみよりも、籾殻を混合した基質のほうが、伸びが大きかった。
The measurement results are shown in FIGS.
There was little difference in the length of the shell length, but the weight averaged 61.4g in the case of about 4 months from the 61st day to the 171st day, and an average of 49 in the case of 6 in the middle. In the case of .1 g and small 6 pieces, an increase of 42.6 g on average caused a difference in the increase in weight due to the difference in shell length.
Tables 2 and 3 show the measurement results based on the mixing ratio of the substrates. The effect of growth due to the substrate could not be confirmed with regard to the shell length, and a slight difference was observed in the increase in weight due to the difference in shell length, but the substrate mixed with rice husks rather than the pottery shells alone. The growth was great.
本発明の陶器殻と籾殻からなる基質を使用すれば高価なアンスラサイトと同程度のミルクイ稚貝の成長が期待でき、成長が同程度であれば、籾殻の配合が大きいほうが重量およびコストの点で有利である。籾殻を配合しない場合には、容器内へのエビやカニなどの害敵生物の侵入が顕著で、特にミノガイが侵入し基質の表面にマットを形成すると稚貝が死亡してしまう。これに対し、籾殻を配合することで、前記害敵生物の侵入を軽減できることが確認され、害敵生物の駆除の手間が大幅に低減されるなど、籾殻の利用による新たな効用が確認された。
また、種苗段階から本発明の基質を用いることで、初期投資が少なく、管理に労力がかからない養殖が実現でき、飼育３〜４年で出荷可能な３００ｇ〜４００ｇの貝に育成させることが期待できる。
If the substrate made of the ceramic shell and rice husk of the present invention is used, the growth of milk oysters similar to that of expensive anthracite can be expected. Is advantageous. When rice husk is not blended, the invasion of harmful organisms such as shrimp and crabs into the container is remarkable, and especially when minnows invade and form a mat on the surface of the substrate, the larvae die. On the other hand, by adding rice husks, it was confirmed that the invasion of the hostile organisms could be reduced, and the new utility by using rice husks was confirmed, such as greatly reducing the time and effort to eliminate the hostile organisms. .
In addition, by using the substrate of the present invention from the seedling stage, it is possible to realize aquaculture that requires little initial investment and does not require labor for management, and can be grown into 300 to 400 g shellfish that can be shipped in 3 to 4 years. .
本発明は、安価な基質で、労力がかからず安定的に埋在性二枚貝の一種であるミルクイ貝を養殖することができ、漁獲量が減少した天然貝と同等な貝を安定して市場に出荷することができる。
ミルクイ貝の養殖では、種苗段階では基質１５Ｌに１００個、１年貝で２０Ｌに２０個、２年貝で２０Ｌに１０個、３年貝で２０Ｌに５個が目安となっているが、２年目（１年貝）以降に大量に使用される基質として本発明の基質が有効に使用できることが確認され、初期投資を大幅に低減することが期待できる。
さらに、本発明で使用する「陶器の粉砕殻」、「籾殻」はいずれも廃棄物であり、本発明は廃棄物の有効活用にも資することになる。
The present invention is an inexpensive substrate that can stably cultivate milk mussels, which is a kind of buried bivalve and does not require labor, and can stably market shellfish equivalent to natural shellfish with reduced catch. Can be shipped to.
In the cultivation of milk oysters, at the seedling stage, 100 per 15L substrate, 20 per year for 20L, 20 years for 2 year shellfish, 10 for 20L, 5 years for 20L for 3 year shellfish, but 2 It is confirmed that the substrate of the present invention can be effectively used as a substrate used in large quantities after the first year (1 year shellfish), and it can be expected that the initial investment will be greatly reduced.
Furthermore, both “ground pottery shells” and “rice husks” used in the present invention are wastes, and the present invention contributes to the effective utilization of wastes.
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| JP2014079077A JP6359859B2 (en) | 2014-04-08 | 2014-04-08 | Milk oyster culture system |
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| JP6359859B2 true JP6359859B2 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
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| US4328764A (en) * | 1980-11-19 | 1982-05-11 | Nickel William F | Shellfish mariculture method and apparatus |
| JPH09266736A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-14 | Norin Suisansyo Suisanchiyou Youshiyoku Kenkyusho | Hanging culture of infaunal bivalve such as ark shell |
| JP2001314134A (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-13 | Katsuumi Yoshimi | Fish bank |
| JP3654896B1 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-06-02 | 智一 奥田 | How to install concrete blocks |
| US20080229437A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2008-09-18 | Lindell Scott R | Intergeneric bivalve shellfish hybrid and method for producing |
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