JP6313990B2 - 固体電解質複合体、電解質−電極複合体、燃料電池及び固体電解質複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解質複合体、電解質−電極複合体、燃料電池及び固体電解質複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 155
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical group O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LQFNMFDUAPEJRY-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);phosphate Chemical group [La+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LQFNMFDUAPEJRY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000316 alkaline earth metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 rare earth phosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L rubidium carbonate Chemical compound [Rb+].[Rb+].[O-]C([O-])=O WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000026 rubidium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
本実施形態に係る固体電解質複合体は、シート状多孔質基材の少なくとも一方の表面に結晶成長させて形成された固体電解質層を備え、上記固体電解質層は、リン酸塩に低価数元素をドープした結晶構造を備えている。
SrCO3+2H+→Sr2++H2O+CO2↑
H3PO4→H++H2PO4 -
La2O3→固体
La2O3+6H+→2La3++3H2O
上記反応により、La2O3が溶解されて、混合物が液状になる。
(1−X)La3++XSr2+3H3PO4→La1-XSrXP3O9+3H2O+3H+
本実施例においては、以下の材料を用いて固体電解質層が形成される。
(1)リン酸水溶液(H3PO4:濃度85%水溶液)
(2)炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3:粉体)
(3)酸化ランタン(La2O3:粉体)
上記材料を、La:Sr:Pの配合割合が、モル比で、(1−X):X:15(X=0〜0.5)となるように配合した。
本実例では、下記のカーボンペーパ(東レ製TGP−H−060)を、シート状多孔質基材として採用している。
(1)厚み 190μm
(2)気孔率 78%
(3)カーボン繊維の太さ 7μm
図4に示すように、本実施例に係る製造装置8は、上記固体電解質材料を投入して、所定温度に加熱する容器5と、上記カーボンシート3を、上記容器5の底面に貼着した状態で保持できる重り6,6と、図示しない加熱装置とを備えて構成される。上記カーボンペーパ3は、上記重り6,6を用いて、一方の表面3bが底面5aに貼着された状態で保持できるようにセッティングされる。
La2O3+6H+→2La3+3H2O
上記溶解工程は、約24〜120時間上記温度に加熱することにより行われる。なお、24時間以上で、目視で溶解が確認できれば溶解工程が終了したものとすることができる。
図6に示すように、上記製造方法によって形成された固体電解質複合体1の両側表面に、スパッタ法によって白金触媒を積層して燃料極7a及び空気極7bを形成し、図7に示す燃料電池10に適用できる固体電解質−電極複合体100を形成した。
上記固体電解質−電極複合体100の燃料極7a及び空気極7bの表面にプラチナメッシュから形成された集電体105,104を設け、図7に示す燃料電池10を製作した。
2 固体電解質層
3 カーボンシート(シート状多孔質基材)
7a 燃料極
7b 空気極
10 燃料電池
12 筒状容器
13 流路
14 流路
15 流路
16 流路
17 リード線
18 リード線
100 固体電解質−電極複合体
104 集電体(プラチナメッシュ)
105 集電体(プラチナメッシュ)
Claims (15)
- シート状多孔質基材の少なくとも一方の表面に結晶成長させて形成された固体電解質層を備えるとともに、
上記固体電解質層は、リン酸塩に低価数元素をドープした結晶構造を備え、
上記低価数元素は、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウムから選ばれた元素を含み、
上記シート状多孔質基材は、30〜98%の気孔率を有し、固体電解質材料を含む溶液を進入させることができるとともに、
上記固体電解質層は、上記シート状多孔質基材の内部において成長させられた結晶を含む、固体電解質複合体。 - 上記リン酸塩が、希土類リン酸塩又はアルカリ土類金属リン酸塩である、請求項1に記載の固体電解質複合体。
- 上記リン酸塩がランタンリン酸塩である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の固体電解質複合体。
- 上記固体電解質層は、上記シート状多孔質基材の上記表面に対して直交する方向に配向させた結晶構造を備える、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体。
- 上記シート状多孔質基材が導電性を有する多孔質体である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体。
- 上記シート状多孔質基材が、カーボンペーパである、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体。
- 上記固体電解質層の厚みが10μm〜300μmである、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体。
- 上記シート状多孔質基材の厚みが100μm〜500μmである、請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体。
- 請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体を備える、電解質−電極複合体。
- 導電性を有するシート状多孔質基材を採用するとともに、上記固体電解質層が形成されていない領域が電極層を構成している、請求項9に記載の電解質−電極複合体。
- 請求項9又は請求項10に記載した電解質−電極複合体を備える、燃料電池。
- 請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体の製造方法であって、
リン酸溶液(H3PO4)と、上記低価数元素を含む化合物と希土類元素を含む化合物とを混合する材料混合工程、又はリン酸溶液(H 3 PO 4 )と、上記低価数元素を含む化合物とアルカリ土類金属元素を含む化合物とを混合する材料混合工程と、
上記材料混合工程において生成された混合物を所定温度に加熱して溶解させる溶解工程と、
溶解した混合物中にシート状多孔質基材を配置し、上記混合物を上記シート状多孔質基材の内部に進入させるとともに、これを上記溶解工程と異なる温度及び水蒸気分圧下で保持することにより、所定の組成を有するリン酸塩を上記シート状多孔質基材の少なくとも一方の表面及び上記シート状多孔質基材の内部に析出させる固体電解質層形成工程とを含む、固体電解質複合体の製造方法。 - 上記低価数元素を含む化合物が炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO 3 )であり、上記稀土類元素を含む化合物が、酸化ランタン(La 2 O 3 )である、請求項12に記載の固体電解質複合体の製造方法。
- 上記溶解工程が、室温〜400℃で行われる、請求項12又は請求項13に記載の固体電解質複合体の製造方法。
- 上記固体電解質層形成工程が、100〜400℃の温度、及び5×102〜2×105 Paの水蒸気分圧で行われる、請求項12から請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質複合体の製造方法。
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JPH05174846A (ja) * | 1991-06-29 | 1993-07-13 | Tonen Corp | 固体電解質型燃料電池 |
JPH1097860A (ja) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-04-14 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | ゾルゲル法によるSc2O3、Al2O3添加ZrO2系固体電解質膜の作製法 |
JPH11214018A (ja) * | 1998-01-21 | 1999-08-06 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | ゾルゲル法によるZrO2系固体電解質膜の低温作製法 |
JP2003031230A (ja) * | 2001-07-03 | 2003-01-31 | Sofco Lp | 燃料電池のための単結晶電解質 |
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