JP6311100B2 - Small-capacity power generation system for batch incinerators - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention ignites waste thrown into an incinerator such as general waste discarded from daily life or industrial waste such as wood, waste plastic, and discarded tires discarded from production factories, repair shops, construction sites, etc. Steam is generated using high-temperature heat discharged from a batch (intermittent combustion) type incinerator that repeats ignition and digestion of so-called waste that is digested after incineration every necessary day or hour. The present invention relates to a batch-type small-capacity power generation apparatus that generates power by operating a turbine with this steam.

  In the past, securing land for final disposal of waste was becoming difficult year by year, mainly in metropolitan areas, and a series of processing operations from waste input to combustion and incineration ash processing were automated, and a large amount of waste was collected. A large continuous incinerator is in operation. In addition, waste incinerators equipped with processing equipment such as bag filters and smoke cleaners in the exhaust gas flow path due to environmental pollution problems such as air and soil due to dioxins generated in the low temperature region of waste incineration work, and recently smokeless and odorless dust Incinerators with excessive air supply for combustion have been developed.

  Furthermore, many so-called incineration power generators have been developed that generate steam by collecting the high-temperature heat held in the exhaust gas generated from the waste incinerator and driving the steam turbine using this steam to generate electricity. . For example, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 8-158816, “In a garbage incinerator having a gas turbine and a steam turbine power generator, the steam temperature at the inlet of the steam turbine decreases due to the shutdown of the gas turbine. The structure of the structure is equipped with a steam power generation device that generates steam using waste heat from the exhaust gas generated in a municipal waste incinerator, and the fuel gas. A garbage incinerator equipped with a gas turbine generator that drives a gas turbine by combustion of the gas turbine, and a superheater mechanism that superheats the steam to the former steam turbine by the exhaust gas of the latter gas turbine ", Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-89202 "Waste power generator with power generation efficiency while heating with fuel oil or fuel gas obtained by pyrolyzing plastic in waste The structure of the heat recovery boiler that recovers the combustion heat of the waste incinerator and generates steam, and the generator that generates power by driving the steam turbine with the steam, heats the plastic component of the waste. A temperature of steam generated from a feed water superheater or a heat recovery boiler that is provided with a thermal decomposition device that decomposes to produce fuel oil and fuel gas, and further heats the feed water to the heat recovery boiler described above with the fuel oil and the fuel gas There is also a “waste power generation device equipped with an auxiliary device such as a steam superheater that raises the temperature”. In addition, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 11-281030 states that “the waste that has been input is thermally decomposed when generating power by converting the thermal energy of the exhaust gas into electric power for the purpose of suppressing fluctuations in the generator in the waste power generation device. Waste power generation method or apparatus for charging a pyrolysis residue generated and stored together with cracked gas into a combustion melting furnace according to a difference value of an actual power generation amount with respect to a target calorific value, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-240923 ”Is to provide a power generation device that is designed to reduce the size of the device and reduce construction costs, and to improve the efficiency of gas turbines, steam turbines, and waste heat boilers. And a power generator comprising a combustor provided with an air compressor, a gas turbine, and a generator driven by the gas turbine, and a pyrolysis furnace and combustion ash that decomposes waste into gas and residue. A waste power generation equipment for a waste treatment facility provided with a melting furnace, a heater for compressed air, and a waste heat boiler for recovering the thermal energy held in the exhaust gas of the air heater, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-309162 The present invention provides an incinerator power generation apparatus that has high waste heat utilization efficiency of a waste incinerator and is capable of generating power from a steam turbine using steam generated in a waste heat boiler. The structure of the waste incinerator and the incinerator An exhaust gas circulating dust that circulates high-temperature exhaust gas to the main combustion chamber of the incinerator in the previous incinerator and an exhaust gas circulating dust in which the exhaust gas dust constitutes a quarter wavelength unit in a waste heat boiler that generates steam using waste heat. A steam turbine generator that is provided with a heating device that uses unburned gas generated from the combustion zone of the incinerator as a fuel at a position where a high temperature portion is formed in the section, and that operates by steam generated by the waste boiler to generate power Prepared Wastes incinerator power generation device ", etc. have also been developed.

Such a large incinerator power generation apparatus has been put to practical use in a waste incinerator factory having an automatic operation type incinerator capable of incinerating a large amount of waste continuously for 24 hours like a large city. However, in municipalities where the population is small and remote islands where there is little flat land, there is a problem that a large amount of garbage cannot be collected to generate steam by exhaust gas heat and drive the steam turbine for a long time. In such municipalities where the population is small, the firebed area is less than 0.5m ² where it is said that there is no need to submit an application for permission from the “Dioxin Countermeasures Measures Act (Dai Special Act)” Small incinerators, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-7-233922 and JP-A-7-280232, "(summarizing the scope of claims) an air intake opening below the pan of the incineration chamber Furthermore, a batch type incinerator such as a stove-type simple garbage incinerator having a dust input opening / closing unit on the upper side and an opening / closing of a perforated plate with a large number of through holes in the lower opening and upper opening / closing unit. Alternatively, a smokeless, odorless, dustless batch type incinerator developed by the applicants of the present invention in conformity with the standard for waste treatment and the above-mentioned “die special method” is often used. Furthermore, according to the inventors' estimation, even if a small batch incinerator is installed and a heater is provided in front of the steam turbine to drive the steam turbine to generate power, the power generation profit is the equipment cost and equipment maintenance management. It is very doubtful whether you can get more than the cost. In addition, when using high-pressure gas exceeding 10 kgf / cm ² from the “High-Pressure Gas Safety Act” to prevent disasters caused by high-pressure gas and ensure public safety, Due to regulations such as the need to deliver security qualified personnel and responsible personnel, labor costs have increased in municipalities and remote islands where the population is small.
JP-A-8-158816 JP 9-89202 A JP 11-281030 A JP 2000-240923 A JP 2007-309162 A JP-A-7-233922 JP 7-280232 A

As described in the above-mentioned publication of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-281030, the present inventors “adjust the opening degree of the pyrolysis residue investigation valve according to the difference between the actual power generation amount and the target power generation amount”. Without adopting the waste power generation method, stable power generation with a power of 10 kW or less is possible in a small batch-type incinerator with a firebed area of less than 0.5 m ² , and steam flowing through the steam induction pipe circuit is temporarily As a result of various inspections aimed at providing a power generator for a batch incinerator that ensures safety by releasing it under electrical control even when the pressure is increased, the steam induction pipe circuit is connected to the steam turbine and generator. PID control steam pressure flow adjustment valve that opens and closes the valve according to the number of rotations of the rotating machine. Further, the valve is controlled by sequence control from the calculation process of the steam pressure between the steam turbine and the condenser and the steam pressure of the steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit. Steam to open and close A small-capacity power generation can be obtained stably by attaching a release valve for abnormal pressure, and by performing power generation work while constantly monitoring the pressure, temperature and flow rate of steam, it is possible to prevent danger and ensure safety. Also found out.

  The present invention is configured based on this knowledge, and the gist of the present invention is that a steam feed pipe is arranged along a flow direction of steam heated to a high temperature through a feed water temperature raising pipe circuit provided in a batch type incinerator. In a steam flow pipe circuit in which a steam stagnating large-diameter pipe circuit and a steam induction pipe circuit connected with a circuit, a steam thermometer and a steam pressure gauge are connected in series, a steam is connected to the steam outlet side of the steam induction pipe circuit via a rotating shaft. A steam turbine for driving the generator and a condenser on the steam discharge side of the steam turbine, and a monitoring turbine inlet pressure gauge and a monitoring turbine on the steam inlet side of the steam induction pipe circuit An inlet thermometer and a steam flow meter for monitoring are attached, and the rotation shaft connected to the steam turbine and the generator is connected to the rotation speed detected by the turbine rotation speed detector and the rotation speed preset by the rotation speed controller. A PID-controlled induction steam pressure adjusting valve that opens and closes the valve with a difference signal is attached to the steam induction pipe circuit, and further, a steam discharge pipe or the above-described steam turbine is connected to the steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit side of the steam induction pipe circuit. A sequence in which a steam discharge bypass pipe branching from a steam induction pipe circuit between water tanks or both of them is operated by using an input signal as a deviation signal between the steam pressure of the steam pressure gauge and a pressure value preset by the pressure regulator. Connected to the control steam release valve at the time of abnormal steam pressure, and a safety valve is provided on the side of the steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit of the steam induction pipe circuit, and between the condenser and the water tank installed downstream of the condenser The steam condensate stored in the condensate tank provided below the condenser and the cooling water circulation pipe circuit that circulates the tank water through the cooling water feed pump is supplied to the water tank via the feed pump. A batch-type incinerator with a condensed water feed pipe circuit, and a storage water feed pipe circuit connected from the water tank to the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit of the batch-type incinerator described above via a feed pump Is a small-capacity power generator.

According to the experiment of the inventors of the present invention, the small-capacity power generation apparatus of the batch type incinerator of the present invention configured like steam is a 12 inch automobile in a batch type incinerator having a firebed area of 0.45 m ^2. When the two tires were incinerated for 60 minutes, a power of 10 kW was obtained. This electric power is equivalent to about 20 households in ordinary households. As described above, since stable electric power can be obtained even in a batch type incinerator, SMEs and hospitals have the effect of being able to cover a part of the corporate expenses simultaneously with the disposal of waste.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, where 1 is a batch type incinerator. Batch incinerator 1 is a likely grate area 0.5 m ² less than small incinerators used in population size is smaller municipalities and islands local etc., repeated ignition and digestion every or every time necessary Dec municipal waste Servo-type pipes that are manufactured in a heat-resistant furnace structure that incinerates industrial waste, etc., and the supplied water is hydrothermalized with exhaust gas that retains incineration heat and high-temperature heat and is further vaporized A feed water heating pipe circuit 2 processed into an arbitrary shape such as a spiral pipe is provided, and a steam feed pipe circuit 3 is connected to the furnace body outlet side. That is, the batch-type incinerator 1 incinerates general wastes that have been input, and the supplied water is further vaporized with incineration heat or exhaust gas heat while the supplied water is circulating through the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2. It is provided in a structure for feeding to the steam feed pipe circuit 3. The batch-type incinerator 1 may be provided with a superheater (superheater) as necessary when the temperature of the feed water cannot be raised due to a decrease in the furnace temperature at the initial stage of incineration of the waste or when the waste is charged. In addition, a detector for preventing pollution such as smokeless, odorless and dust, or a control device thereof may be provided. A steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit 4 is provided with a steam thermometer 5 for monitoring the temperature of the steam flowing in the pipe circuit and a steam pressure gauge 6 for detecting the pressure of the steam. 3 and a steam induction pipe circuit 7 described later to form a series of steam circulation pipe circuits. That is, since the steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit 4 flows the steam fed at a high speed from the steam feed pipe circuit 3 to the steam induction pipe circuit 7 while stagnating (sucking), the steam is supplied to the steam guide pipe 7. There is an effect of being smoothly sent out without causing turbulence near the entrance of the circuit 7. Therefore, the steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit 4 may be a pipe having a slightly larger diameter than the steam induction pipe circuit 7.

  A steam generator 8 is attached to a steam turbine 8 via a rotating shaft 9 on the steam outlet side of the steam induction pipe circuit 7, and the steam expanded in the turbine is cooled and pressurized on the rear side of the steam turbine 8. A condenser 11 is attached to lower the temperature and condense it back to warm water or water. The condenser 11 may be either a mixed double water type in which steam and cooling water are in direct contact or a surface condensate type in which steam and cooling water exchange heat through a metal surface. Further, a turbine inlet pressure gauge 12, a turbine inlet thermometer 13, and a steam flow meter 14 are attached on the steam turbine inlet side of the steam induction pipe circuit 7. These measuring instruments monitor changes in steam pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc. before the steam turbine inlet flowing through the steam induction pipe circuit 7 and monitor the rotation state of the steam turbine 8, while the pressure and temperature are abnormal. If it will be in a state, the water supply amount for vaporization which flows through the batch type incinerator 1 and the input amount of incinerated materials will be adjusted. Further, the respective monitoring measuring instruments may be attached with their positions replaced. Further, between the rotary shaft 9 and the steam induction pipe circuit 7, a proportional output signal is output that is proportional to the deviation from the turbine rotational speed set in advance by the rotational speed detected by the rotational speed detector 15 of the rotational shaft 9. PID that outputs the sum of the operation (P) and the integration operation (I) that outputs an output signal proportional to the integral of the deviation and the differential operation (D) that outputs the output signal proportional to the differential of the deviation and controls it to the target set value An induction steam pressure flow control valve 17 connected to the control rotation speed controller 16 is attached. That is, the rotational speed of the steam turbine 8 is controlled by controlling the pressure and flow rate of the steam flowing through the steam induction pipe circuit 7 by opening and closing the induction steam pressure flow control valve 17, and the power generation of the generator 10 is determined based on the result. It is provided in a structure that is stably controlled.

Further, the steam discharge pipe 18 or the steam induction pipe circuit 7 between the steam turbine 8 and the condenser 11 where the steam pressure is expected to decrease somewhat is branched to the steam stagnant large diameter pipe circuit 4 side of the steam induction pipe circuit 7. The steam discharge bypass pipe 19 or both of them is operated by the sequence controller 21 of the pressure controller 20 which calculates the steam pressure of the steam pressure gauge 6 and the preset pressure value with an electrical signal and outputs a deviation signal. It is connected to a release valve 22 at the time of abnormal vapor pressure (the drawing shows an example of a three-way nozzle valve). Further, the front side of the steam induction pipe circuit 7 where the pressure and temperature of the circulating steam is high is automatically displayed when the steam pressure becomes equal to or higher than a preset pressure corresponding to the pressure change of the circulating steam. A safety valve 23 having a function of closing the valve when the valve is opened and the steam is discharged and the pressure becomes lower than the set pressure is provided. In other words, the steam abnormal pressure release valve 22 and the safety valve 23 are steam caused by an abnormally high pressure or a large pressure difference because the steam flowing through the steam induction pipe circuit 7 is affected by temporary abnormal combustion of the incinerated material or some unexpected influence. In addition to preventing abnormal driving of the turbine 8 and measuring the stable operation of the generator 10, it is provided to ensure the safety of the steam induction pipe circuit 7 and to prevent the influence on human disasters.
When the pressure and temperature of the steam flowing through the steam induction pipe circuit 7 are more precisely managed, a monitoring turbine outlet pressure gauge 24 and a monitoring turbine outlet thermometer are connected to the steam induction pipe circuit 7 on the turbine outlet side. 25 may be provided.

  A water storage tank 26 stores the cooling water discharged from the condenser 11. Between the water storage tank 26 and the condenser 11, a cooling water discharge pipe 27 that discharges the cooling water cooled by the condenser 11 to the water storage tank 26 and the water stored in the water storage tank 26 are supplied as cooling water. A cooling water circulation pipe circuit 29 is connected to the condenser 11 via the feed pump 28, and the hot water having high heat condensed when the steam passes through the condenser 11 is further cooled to a lower temperature. A steam condensed water feed pipe circuit 32 for feeding water to the water storage tank 26 via a feed pump 31 for condensate of steam stored in the condensate water tank 30 is connected. Further, between the water storage tank 26 and the above-described feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2, the water stored in the water tank 26 is supplied to the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2 provided in the batch-type incinerator 1 via a water feed pump 33. A storage tank water supply pipe circuit 34 for vaporization to be supplied is connected.

The small-capacity power generation device for a batch type incinerator of the present invention configured as described above starts a work from incineration of incinerated materials in the batch type incinerator 1, and then stores a vaporization storage tank stored in a water storage tank 26. Water is fed from the storage tank water feed pipe circuit 34 to the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2. The storage tank water fed to the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2 is superheated by incineration heat and exhaust gas heat while passing through the batch type incinerator 1 and becomes steam, and the steam stagnation flow is large through the steam feed pipe circuit 3. It is fed to the diameter pipe circuit 4. The steam fed to the steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit 4 is sent to the steam induction pipe circuit 7 while causing a sustained stagnant flow in the pipe. The steam flowing into the steam induction pipe circuit 7 is an amount that is effectively adjusted without waste by driving the rotating shaft 9 connecting the steam turbine 8 and the generator 10 and by the induction steam pressure flow control valve 17 of PID control. Since the steam turbine 8 flows, a stable power generation can be obtained. Further, the steam flowing through the condenser 11 from the steam turbine 8 becomes steam condensed water, is supplied to the water storage tank 26 through the condensed water tank 30, and is mixed with the cooling water to be stored water. Further, the reservoir water retained in the reservoir water 26 flows through the cooling water circulation pipe circuit 29 and is reused as steam cooling water for the condenser 11, and also flows through the steam circulation pipe circuit via the storage tank water supply pipe circuit 34. Reused as chemical water.
Further, in the present invention, the steam generated while flowing through the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2 is steamed while flowing through the steam circulation pipe circuit in which the steam induction pipe circuit 7 is connected in series from the steam supply pipe circuit 3. The steam turbine 8 is driven under conditions and conditions most suitable for safe driving of the steam turbine 8 while strictly complying with regulations such as the “High Pressure Gas Safety Act” by monitoring various measuring instruments such as a thermometer, steam pressure gauge, and flow meter. Therefore, efficient and more stable power generation can be performed while the maintainability and safety of the apparatus are ensured.

  Since the present invention is provided in a structure that effectively uses heat generated from a batch-type incinerator that can incinerate waste every necessary day and every hour, and is effectively driven by a generator. It is likely to be used more and more in the future in remote companies, remote islands and depopulated areas.

  1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Batch type incinerator 2 Feed water temperature rising pipe circuit 3 Steam feed pipe circuit 4 Steam stagnant large diameter pipe circuit 5 Steam thermometer 6 Steam pressure gauge 7 Steam induction pipe circuit 8 Steam turbine 9 Rotating shaft 10 Generator 11 Recovery Water vessel 12 Monitoring turbine inlet pressure gauge 13 Monitoring turbine inlet thermometer 14 Steam flow meter 15 Speed detector 16 Speed controller 17 Induction steam pressure flow control valve 18 Steam exhaust pipe 19 Steam exhaust bypass pipe 20 Pressure controller 21 Sequence Controller 22 Steam Abnormal Pressure Release Valve 23 Safety Valve 24 Monitoring Turbine Outlet Pressure Gauge 25 Monitoring Turbine Outlet Thermometer 26 Water Tank 27 Cooling Water Discharge Pipe 28 Cooling Water Supply Pump 29 Cooling Water Circulation Pipe Circuit 30 Condensed Water Tank 31 Feed pump 32 Steam condensate feed pipe circuit 33 Feed pump 34 Storage tank feed pipe circuit

Claims (1)

  A steam feed pipe circuit 3, a steam thermometer 5, and a steam pressure gauge 6 are attached along the flow direction of the steam heated to a high temperature through the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2 provided in the batch type incinerator 1. In a steam circulation pipe circuit in which a steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit 4 and a steam induction pipe circuit 7 are connected in series, steam that drives a generator 10 via a rotating shaft 9 is disposed on the steam outlet side of the steam induction pipe circuit 7. A turbine 8 is connected and a condenser 11 is attached to the steam discharge side of the steam turbine 8, and a monitoring turbine inlet pressure gauge 12 and a monitoring turbine inlet thermometer are connected to the steam turbine steam inlet side of the steam induction pipe circuit 7. 13 and a monitoring steam flow meter 14 are attached to the rotary shaft 9 connecting the steam turbine 8 and the generator 10 with a deviation signal between the rotational speed detected by the rotational speed detector 15 and a preset rotational speed. Open and close valve A PID-controlled induction steam pressure flow control valve 17 is attached to the steam induction pipe circuit 7, and further, the steam discharge pipe 18 or the steam turbine 8 described above is connected to the steam induction pipe circuit 7 side of the steam stagnant large-diameter pipe circuit 4. A sequence in which the steam discharge bypass pipe 19 branched from the steam induction pipe circuit 7 between the water tanks 11 or both is operated with a deviation signal between the steam pressure of the steam pressure gauge 6 and a preset pressure value as an input signal. Connected to the control valve 22 for controlling abnormal steam pressure, a safety valve 23 is additionally provided on the side of the steam stagnation large-diameter pipe circuit 4 of the steam induction pipe circuit 7, and the condenser 11 and the condenser 11 are installed later. Steam condensate stored in a condensate water tank 30 provided below the condenser 11 and a cooling water circulation pipe circuit 29 that circulates the water of the tank via a cooling water feed pump 28. A steam condensed water feed pipe circuit 32 for feeding water to the water storage tank 26 via the feed pump 31 is additionally provided, and water is further supplied from the water storage tank 26 to the feed water temperature raising pipe circuit 2 of the batch incinerator 1 described above. A small-capacity power generation device for a batch-type incinerator, characterized in that a storage tank water supply pipe circuit 34 is connected via a pump 33.

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