JP6305923B2 - アミノ酸量を低減したタバコおよびその系統の作出方法 - Google Patents
アミノ酸量を低減したタバコおよびその系統の作出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6305923B2 JP6305923B2 JP2014531959A JP2014531959A JP6305923B2 JP 6305923 B2 JP6305923 B2 JP 6305923B2 JP 2014531959 A JP2014531959 A JP 2014531959A JP 2014531959 A JP2014531959 A JP 2014531959A JP 6305923 B2 JP6305923 B2 JP 6305923B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/82—Solanaceae, e.g. pepper, tobacco, potato, tomato or eggplant
- A01H6/823—Nicotiana, e.g. tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/12—Leaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B1/00—Preparation of tobacco on the plantation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Description
本発明は、少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸のレベルが低下している植物を作製する方法を提供する。特定の態様において、本発明は、少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸のレベルが低下しているタバコ植物、またはこのような植物に由来するタバコ系統を含む。特定の実施形態において、本発明は、少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸のレベルが低下しているタバコ植物から作られたタバコ製品を含む。
低減した含有量の少なくとも1種のアミノ酸を有するタバコの作製方法
本発明の実施形態は、有意に低減したレベルの少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸を有する植物の作製方法を提供する。特定の実施形態において、本発明は、有意に低減したレベルの少なくとも1種のアミノ酸を有するタバコ植物(またはこのような植物に由来するタバコ系統)の作製方法を提供する。
低減したレベルの少なくとも1種のアミノ酸を有するタバコ植物
特定の実施形態において、本発明は、有意に低減したレベルの少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸を有する植物を含む。特定の実施形態において、レベルが低減されているアミノ酸は、アラニン、アスパラギン、グルタミン酸、グルタミン、プロリン、ヒスチジン、リシン、フェニルアラニンおよび/またはセリンの中の少なくとも1種である。一実施形態において、レベルが低減されている内因性アミノ酸はアスパラギンである。それに加えて叉はそれに替えて、レベルが低減されているアミノ酸は、グルタミン酸である。または、その他のアミノ酸を低減させることができる。
本発明のタバコ製品
特定の実施形態において、本発明は、有意に低減したレベルの少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸を有する植物から作られた製品を含む。
本発明を利用して、低減した量の特定のアミノ酸を有するN.tabacumのいくつかの系統を調製した。
試験用紙巻タバコは、米国特許出願公開第2007/0006888号中に記載のような実験室用装置を使用して調製した。単一グレードの熱気乾燥タバコ葉(中間および上部茎)を使用して紙巻タバコを作り、アクリルアミドおよびアクリロニトリルについて試験した。また、市販のタバコブレンド物を対照として試験し、市販紙巻タバコからブレンド物を取り出すこと、およびこのブレンド物を用いて紙巻タバコを作製することによって、試験の精度および正確さを求めた。
表10および11に、上部茎タバコを用いて作った紙巻タバコ(表10)、および中間茎タバコを用いて作った紙巻タバコ(表11)からのアクリロニトリル(ANI)レベルに関する結果を示す。アクリロニトリルは、前に発表されている方法(S.C.Moldoveanu、2010年、Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.、24巻、145−156頁)により測定した。やはり、分析は、上部または下部茎サンプルの双方、および同一サンプルの繰り返しに関して無作為化した。結果を、各群に関して、3回の別々の分析の平均として別個に下記に示す。市販のブレンド物に関して、TPM、アクリロニトリル、繰り返しの分析に関し、5%未満の相対標準偏差(RSD%)を示した。EMSで突然変異を誘発されたタバコを用いて作られた上部茎紙巻タバコに関する、紙巻タバコのパフ回数、CO、TPMおよびアクリロニトリルについての結果を表10に示し、中間茎に関するそれらの結果を表11に示す。
Claims (21)
- 少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸を低減レベルで含むタバコ植物を作出することを含む改変タバコ植物の作出方法であって、前記タバコ植物またはその一部が、非改変親タバコ植物またはその一部と比較して、低減したレベルで前記少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸に由来する少なくとも1種の化合物を発生する、以下のステップを有する方法:
非改変タバコ植物からの少なくとも1つのタバコ種子を、突然変異誘発物質を含む溶液中でインキュベートするステップ;
前記少なくとも1つのタバコ種子から突然変異誘発物質を洗い流すステップ;
前記少なくとも1つのタバコ種子を選別剤に暴露するステップ;
前記少なくとも1つのタバコ種子を発芽させ、少なくとも1つのM0タバコ実生をロイシンを含む前記選別剤の存在下で成長させるステップ;
前記少なくとも1つのM0タバコ実生を成長させ、少なくとも1つの突然変異を誘発されたM1タバコ種子を含む少なくとも1つのM0タバコ植物を作出するステップ;および
前記少なくとも1つの突然変異を誘発されたM1タバコ種子を発芽させ、非改変タバコ植物と比較して、低減したレベルの前記少なくとも1種のアミノ酸を含む少なくとも1種の改変M1タバコ植物を選別するステップ;
を含む、方法。 - 前記アミノ酸に由来する化合物が、発癌性物質である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記低減したレベルを有するアミノ酸が、アスパラギンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記低減したレベルを有するアミノ酸が、さらにグルタミン酸を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、
タバコ植物またはその一部が、加熱および/または燃焼すると、非改変親タバコ植物またはその一部と比較して、低減したレベルのアクリルアミドおよび/またはアクリロニトリルを発生する、方法。 - 改変タバコ植物が、少なくとも50%低減したレベルのアスパラギンを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 改変タバコ植物が、少なくとも40%低減したレベルのグルタミン酸を含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 改変タバコ植物が、ニコチアナ・タバカム(Nicotiana tabacum)種である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、
少なくとも1つのM1タバコ植物を成長させてM2タバコ種子を作出し、ここで前記少なくとも1つのM1タバコ植物が、前記選別剤の存在下で成長することを可能にする、突然変異のホモ接合体である、ステップをさらに含む、方法。 - 10NH−18、10N−23、10NH−27、10NH−34または10NH−9系統の内の少なくとも1つを含む、改変タバコ植物。
- 10NH−18、10N−23、10NH−27、10NH−34または10NH−9系統の内の少なくとも1つを含み、改変タバコ植物の由来元である非改変タバコと比較して、レベルが低減したアクリルアミドおよび/またはアクリロニトリルの内の少なくとも1種を含む、改変タバコ植物またはその一部。
- 請求項11に記載の改変タバコ植物であって、
タバコ植物またはその一部を加熱および/または燃焼すると、非改変植物と比較して低減したアクリルアミドおよび/またはアクリロニトリルを含む、改変タバコ植物。 - 非改変植物と比較して低減したレベルの少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸を含む、請求項11に記載の改変タバコ植物。
- 非改変植物と比較して低減したアスパラギンを含む、請求項11に記載の改変タバコ植物。
- 非改変植物と比較して低減したグルタミン酸を含む、請求項14に記載の改変タバコ植物。
- 10NH−18、10N−23、10NH−27、10NH−34または10NH−9系統の内の少なくとも1つからのタバコを含み、改変タバコ植物からの改変タバコを含むタバコ製品であって、前記改変タバコが、非改変親タバコ植物からのタバコと比較して低減したレベルのアクリルアミドおよび/またはアクリロニトリルを有する、タバコ製品。
- タバコを加熱および/または燃焼すると、前記タバコが、低減したレベルのアクリルアミドおよび/またはアクリロニトリルを含む、請求項16に記載のタバコ製品。
- タバコが、低減したレベルの少なくとも1種の内因性アミノ酸を含む、請求項16に記載のタバコ製品。
- タバコが、少なくとも低減したレベルのアスパラギンを含む、請求項16に記載のタバコ製品。
- タバコが、少なくとも低減したレベルのグルタミン酸を含む、請求項19に記載のタバコ製品。
- 10NH−18、10N−23、10NH−27、10NH−34または10NH−9系統の内の少なくとも1つからのタバコを含む、タバコ製品。
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