JP6303860B2 - Work machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a work machine such as a hydraulic excavator, and particularly relates to a swivel structure for a swivel joint.

  FIG. 1 shows a hydraulic excavator 100 as an example of a conventional work machine. The excavator 100 is generally composed of a lower traveling body 10 and an upper swing body 30. The lower traveling body 10 is provided with a pair of crawlers 12 and 12 that are rotationally driven by a hydraulic motor 11, and the upper swing body 30 is mounted on the lower traveling body 10 so as to be freely rotatable.

  Specifically, the base of the upper swing body 30 is configured by an upper frame 31 supported by the lower traveling body 10 via the swing bearing 20, and the upper frame 31 can swing around the swing axis J. It has become. On the upper frame 31, a pair of vertical plates 31a and 31a extending in opposition to each other in the front-rear direction is erected, and an attachment 33 that performs a work operation by hydraulic control at the front portion of the vertical plates 31a and 31a. Is supported.

  A cab 34 into which an operator rides is installed at the front of the upper frame 31, and a machine room 35 that houses an engine, hydraulic equipment 37, and the like is installed at the middle of the upper frame 31. At the rear part of the upper frame 31, a heavy weight counterweight 36 that maintains a front-rear balance with the attachment 33 is installed.

  A swivel joint 21 that relays hydraulic piping is installed between the lower traveling body 10 and the upper rotating body 30 at the center of the swing bearing 20.

  As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the swivel joint 21 is installed at the center of the lower frame 13 of the lower traveling body 10. The swivel joint 21 is composed of a vertically long and substantially cylindrical member that is erected on the lower frame 13 so that the center thereof coincides with the pivot axis J, and the upper connection portion 21a and the lower connection portion that are rotatably connected to each other. 21b.

  The lower connection portion 21b is fixed to the lower frame 13, and, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of lower hydraulic pipes 14 extending from the hydraulic motor 11 are provided on the lower connection portion 21b. It is connected to the side connection port. On the other hand, the upper connection portion 21a is fixed to the upper frame 31, and a plurality of upper hydraulic pipes 38 extending from the hydraulic equipment 37 are connected to a predetermined upper connection port 22 provided in the upper connection portion 21a.

  Although not shown, even if the upper connection portion 21a rotates in the swivel joint 21 with respect to the lower connection portion 21b, the upper connection port 22 and the lower connection port correspond to each other. A plurality of oil passages that are always maintained in communication are formed.

  FIG. 3 shows the upper frame 31 in detail. The upper frame 31 includes a bottom plate 31b made of a thick metal plate, a side deck 31c assembled so as to project to the left and right of the bottom plate 31b, and the like. The pair of vertical plates 31a and 31a are erected on the bottom plate 31b.

  The slewing bearing 20 supports the front portion of the bottom plate 31b, and a circular insertion port 39 into which the swivel joint 21 is inserted is formed at the center of the slewing bearing 20 at the front portion of the bottom plate 31b.

  The left and right sides of the space above the insertion port 39 are partitioned by the front part of the vertical plate 31a projecting upward, and the front side of the space above the insertion port 39 is defined by the left and right vertical plates 31a and 31a. It is partitioned by a reinforcing plate 31d installed therebetween. In addition, the hole 40 formed in the back of the insertion port 39 is an attachment hole for installing a turning motor.

  In the manufacturing process of the excavator 100, the upper frame 31 is assembled to the lower traveling body 10 so as to be placed at a predetermined position on the lower frame 13. When the upper frame 31 is assembled to the lower traveling body 10, the upper connection portion 21 a protrudes above the bottom plate 31 b through the insertion port 39.

  A detent structure 50 is provided between the bottom plate 31b and the upper connection portion 21a. By performing the rotation prevention process using the rotation prevention structure 50, the upper connection portion 21a is supported so as not to rotate with respect to the bottom plate 31b.

  A conventional example of the anti-rotation structure 50 and anti-rotation processing will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 4A shows a state in which the upper frame 31 is assembled to the lower traveling body 10 and the upper connection portion 21a protrudes above the bottom plate 31b.

  The plurality of short pipes on the upper side of the upper connection portion 21a are the upper connection ports 22 to which the upper hydraulic piping 38 is connected. Although not shown in the figure, a long hydraulic hose may be previously attached to each of the upper connection ports 22.

  A fastening hole 52 to which a bolt-like detent member 51 is fastened is provided on the side of the upper connection portion 21a. The fastening hole 52 extends from the outer peripheral surface of the upper connection portion 21a toward the center in the radial direction.

  A detent support portion 101 is provided on the upper surface of the bottom plate 31 b near the insertion port 39. The anti-rotation support portion 101 of the hydraulic excavator 100 is made of a U-shaped metal plate in which a longitudinal groove 101a extending downward from the upper end portion is formed, and is fixed by welding to the bottom plate 31b. The width of the longitudinal groove 101 a is set slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rotation preventing member 51.

  In the rotation preventing process, first, an operation of rotating and positioning the upper connecting portion 21a is performed so that the vertically long groove 101a and the fastening hole 52 overlap in the radial direction. Thereafter, the anti-rotation member 51 is inserted into the vertically long groove 101 a from above, and the anti-rotation member 51 is assembled to the anti-rotation support portion 101. Then, the anti-rotation member 51 is fastened to the fastening hole 52, and the nut 51a attached to the anti-rotation member 51 is further tightened to fix the anti-rotation member 51 to the upper connection portion 21a.

  By doing so, as shown in FIG. 4B, the upper connection portion 21 a is non-rotatably supported by the bottom plate 31 b via the anti-rotation member 51 and the anti-rotation support portion 101.

  This type of detent structure is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1. In patent document 1, the convex part is formed in the outer peripheral surface of a swivel joint, and the rotation is stopped by making the convex part fit in the recessed part provided in the table.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-89149

  In the case of the anti-rotation structure 50 as described above, the anti-rotation member 51 cannot be fastened unless the fastening hole 52 and the vertically long groove 101a overlap exactly in the radial direction. For this reason, positioning work is performed in which the upper connecting portion 21a is rotated to align these positions, but this work is a burden on the operator.

  FIG. 5 shows the work status. Since there are vertical plates 31a on both the left and right sides of the upper connection portion 21a protruding above the bottom plate 31b, the operator usually works as if sitting on the reinforcing plate 31d.

  The upper connecting portion 21a does not have a portion suitable for grasping by hand, so that it is difficult to hold the upper connecting portion 21a with certainty, and the upper connecting portion 21a is rotated so that it is difficult even for a worker with strong arm strength. Strong power is required to make it happen. In the case where a hydraulic hose is attached to the upper connection port 22, the weight of the hydraulic hose is added, and the operation is further hindered.

  As described above, the rotation preventing process of the swivel joint 21 is a difficult task for the operator because it is necessary to perform delicate position adjustment with force in a cramped posture.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a work machine that can easily prevent rotation of a swivel joint and is excellent in assembly workability.

  The present invention relates to a work machine in which an upper swing body is rotatably mounted on a lower traveling body. The upper swing body is provided with a bottom plate supported by the lower traveling body via a swing bearing and having an insertion opening at the center of the swing bearing. The lower traveling body is provided with a swivel joint that is inserted into the insertion port.

  The swivel joint includes a lower connection portion fixed to the lower traveling body, and an upper connection portion that is rotatably provided on the lower connection portion and protrudes from the bottom plate through the insertion port. ing. A detent structure is provided between the bottom plate and the upper connection portion to support the upper connection portion so as not to rotate with respect to the bottom plate, and the detent structure is provided on the side of the upper connection portion. And a detent member connected so as to protrude outward, and a detent support portion provided in the vicinity of the insertion port of the bottom plate.

  And the said non-rotating support part has the fixed piece fixed to the said baseplate, and the fastening piece fastened and fixed to the said fixed part, The said non-rotating member is the said fixed piece and the said fastening piece, Therefore, it is sandwiched and supported from both sides in the rotation direction.

  That is, according to this working machine, the anti-rotation support portion has the fixed piece fixed to the bottom plate and the fastening piece fastened and fixed to the fixed portion, and the anti-rotation member is the fixed piece. Since the anti-rotation member is sandwiched and supported from both sides in the direction of rotation by the fastening piece, even if the anti-rotation member is connected to the upper connection portion first, the fixing piece and the fastening piece are used later. The detent member can be supported so as not to rotate by being sandwiched.

  If the anti-rotation member is connected to the upper connection portion first, the anti-rotation member can be used as a handle, so that the turning operation of the upper connection portion is facilitated. Moreover, since the anti-rotation member protrudes outward from the side portion of the upper connection portion, the upper connection portion can be rotated with a weaker force by using a moment of force.

  Accordingly, the swivel joint can be easily prevented from being rotated and the assembly workability is improved.

  In particular, when the insertion port is disposed at the front portion of the bottom plate, and the front side and the left and right sides above the insertion port are partitioned by members erected on the bottom plate, the fastening piece is It is good to fix to the said fixed piece by fastening a fastener from upper direction.

  By doing so, the direction in which the operator can easily access the fastening piece and the fastening direction of the fastening piece coincide with each other, so that the fastening work of the fastening piece is facilitated and the assembly workability can be further improved.

  According to the work machine of the present invention, since the swivel joint can be easily prevented from being rotated, the burden of assembly work can be reduced.

It is the schematic which shows the conventional hydraulic shovel. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the lower traveling body of the conventional hydraulic shovel. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the upper frame of the conventional hydraulic shovel. (A), (b) is the schematic explaining the rotation prevention process of the swivel joint in the conventional hydraulic shovel. It is the schematic explaining the rotation prevention process of the swivel joint in the conventional hydraulic shovel. It is the schematic which shows the principal part of the hydraulic shovel in embodiment of this invention. (A), (b) is the schematic explaining the rotation prevention process of the swivel joint in embodiment of this invention. (A)-(d) is a schematic perspective view which shows the modification of a rotation prevention support part.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the following description is merely illustrative in nature and does not limit the present invention, its application, or its use.

  6 and 7 show the main part of the excavator 1 of the present embodiment. The hydraulic excavator 1 is different from the hydraulic excavator 100 described above in that a part of the detent structure 50 is different, and the other structures are substantially the same. Therefore, the different parts will be described in detail, and the same reference numerals are used for the same structures and members as those of the conventional excavator 100 described above, and the description thereof is omitted.

(Non-rotating structure)
The detent structure 50 of the hydraulic excavator 1 includes a fastening hole 52, a detent member 51, a detent support portion 60, and the like provided in the upper connection portion 21a. The structure of the fastening hole 52 and the rotation preventing member 51 is the same as that of the excavator 100 described above.

  On the other hand, the anti-rotation support portion 60 includes a fixed piece 61 and a fastening piece 62 and is different from the anti-rotation support portion 101.

  Specifically, the fixing piece 61 is made of a U-shaped metal member in which a vertically long recess 61b is formed on one side surface (supporting side surface), and is fixed to the bottom plate 31b by welding. The fixed piece 61 is disposed in the vicinity of the insertion port 39 with the recess 61b facing the circumferential direction of the turning axis J.

  The depth of the recess 61b is substantially the same from the upper end to the lower end, and is set slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rotation preventing member 51. A pair of fastening seats t, t in which the screw holes n open laterally are formed adjacent to the upper and lower ends of the recess 61b.

  The fastening piece 62 is made of a prismatic metal member attached to the support side surface of the fixed piece 61, and a through hole k penetrating in the lateral direction is formed at each of both ends corresponding to each screw hole n. Has been.

  Therefore, in the case of this hydraulic excavator 1, the rotation prevention process of the swivel joint 21 can be performed as follows.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 7, the rotation prevention member 51 is first fastened (connected) to the fastening hole 52, and the rotation prevention member 51 is fixed to the upper side connection part 21a. By doing so, since the detent member 51 protrudes outward from the side surface of the upper connection portion 21a, the detent member 51 can be used as a handle.

  Then, the anti-rotation member 51 is grasped, and the upper connection portion 21a is rotated until it comes into contact with the bottom surface of the concave portion 61b of the anti-rotation support portion 60 as indicated by an arrow. Since the rotation preventing member 51 extends in the radial direction from the center of the upper connection portion 21a, the upper connection portion 21a can be easily rotated even with a weak force.

  Thereafter, both ends of the fastening piece 62 are aligned with the fastening seat t so that the through hole k and the screw hole n overlap each other, and the fastening bolt B inserted from the side into each through hole k is screwed into the screw hole n. The fastening piece 62 is fastened to the fixed piece 61.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 7B, the anti-rotation member 51 is sandwiched from both sides in the rotation direction by the fixing piece 61 and the fastening piece 62, and thus is supported so as not to rotate. Is done.

  That is, according to the hydraulic excavator 1, the rotation preventing member 51 can be used as a handle in the rotation preventing process, so that the work load can be reduced without waste.

(Modification)
Various modifications of the anti-rotation support portion 60 can be considered. An example is shown in FIG.

  FIG. 8A shows a detent support portion 60A in which a fastening bolt B is inserted from above so that the fastening piece 62A can be fastened to the fixed piece 61A (the sign of the main member of the modified example is A or the like). (The same applies to the following modifications). In the case of this anti-rotation support portion 60A, the fastening operation can be performed from above, so that a sufficient working space can be used and the working posture becomes easier, so that the workability is further improved.

  Specifically, the fixing piece 61A of the anti-rotation support portion 60A is a metal member having the same shape and arrangement as the fixing piece 61 described above, and a concave portion 61b is formed on the supporting side surface, and a predetermined portion is formed near the insertion port 39. It is fixed in the state. One fastening seat t2 is provided on the upper end surface of the fixed piece 61A, and the second screw hole n2 opens upward in the fastening seat t2.

  The fastening piece 62A includes a vertically long restricting piece 71 that is in close contact with the support side surface of the fixed piece 61A, and an attachment piece that protrudes laterally from the upper end of the restricting piece 71 and is in close contact with the fastening seat t2 of the fixed piece 61A. And an inverted L-shaped metal member constituted by the portion 72. A second through hole k2 penetrating in the vertical direction is formed in the attachment piece portion 72 in correspondence with the second screw hole n2.

  Therefore, in the case of this anti-rotation support portion 60A, the regulating piece portion 71 is attached to the supporting side surface, the attachment piece portion 72 is brought into close contact with the fastening seat t2, and the overlapping second through hole k2 and second screw hole n2 are brought together. The fastening piece 62A is fastened to the fixed piece 61A by screwing the fastening bolt B from above. As a result, the opening portion of the recess 61b is blocked by the restricting piece 71, so that even in the case of the anti-rotation support 60A, the anti-rotation member 51 is sandwiched between the fixing piece 61A and the fastening piece 62A so that it cannot rotate. I can support it.

  In the case of this anti-rotation support portion 60A, there is an advantage that the fixing piece 61A and the fastening piece 62A can be securely fixed with the short fastening bolt B.

  FIG. 8B shows another modification in which the fastening bolt B can be inserted from above.

  In the detent support portion 60B of this modification, the shape of the fixed piece 61B is different. A mounting portion 75 is extended below the concave portion 61b on the support side surface. A fastening seat t3 is provided on the upper end surface of the mounting portion 75, and two third screw holes n3 are opened upward in the fastening seat t3.

  The fastening piece 62B of this modification is made of a rectangular plate-like metal member that can be placed on the placement portion 75, and there are two third through holes k3 penetrating in the vertical direction corresponding to the third screw holes n3. One is formed.

  Therefore, in the case of this anti-rotation support portion 60B, the fastening piece 62B is placed on the mounting portion 75, and the fastening bolt B is screwed into the overlapping third through hole k3 and third screw hole n3 from above. The fastening piece 62B is fastened to the fixed piece 61B. As a result, the opening portion of the recess 61b is closed by the fastening piece 62B. Therefore, even in the case of the anti-rotation support portion 60B, the anti-rotation member 51 is sandwiched between the fixing piece 61B and the fastening piece 62B so as to be non-rotatable. it can.

  In the case of the anti-rotation support portion 60B, the fastening piece 62B is less likely to rattle in the lateral direction, and thus there is an advantage that the rotation of the anti-rotation member 51 can be regulated stably. The number of fastening bolts B is not limited to two, but may be one or three or more.

  FIG. 8C shows a modification that can be formed in the same shape as the conventional anti-rotation support portion 101.

  The fixing piece 61C of the anti-rotation support portion 60C of the present modification is an L-shape composed of a horizontally long horizontal piece 77 fixed to the bottom plate 31b and a vertical piece 78 extending upward from one end of the horizontal piece 77. It is formed in a shape. A fastening seat t4 is provided on the upper end surface of the distal end portion of the horizontal piece 77, and one fourth screw hole n4 is opened upward in the fastening seat t4.

  The fastening piece 62 </ b> C of the present modification is made of a prismatic metal member having substantially the same dimensions as the vertical piece portion 78. The fastening piece 62C is formed with a fourth through hole k4 penetrating between the upper and lower ends.

  Accordingly, in the rotation stopper support portion 60C, the fastening piece 62C is placed on the fastening seat t4 so as to face the vertical piece portion 78, and fastened to the overlapping fourth through hole k4 and fourth screw hole n4 from above. If bolt B is screwed in, it can be set as the same shape as the conventional anti-rotation support part 101. FIG.

  FIG. 8D shows a detent support portion 60D that is a combination of the modified examples of FIGS.

  The fixed piece 61D of the detent support part 60D of this modification has substantially the same shape as the fixed piece 61B of (b). Specifically, a mounting portion 75 provided with a fastening seat is provided below the concave portion 61b on the support side surface. One screw hole is opened upward in the fastening seat. Furthermore, a fastening seat having a screw hole opened upward is also provided on the upper end surface of the fixing piece 61D.

  The fastening piece 62D of the present modification has substantially the same shape as the fastening piece 62A of (a), and is an inverted L-shape with a regulating piece portion 71 and a mounting piece portion 72 projecting laterally from its upper end portion. It is formed in a shape. The attachment piece 72 is formed with a through hole penetrating in the vertical direction. Furthermore, a through hole penetrating in the vertical direction is also formed in the restriction piece 71.

  Therefore, in the case of this anti-rotation support portion 60D, the attachment piece portion 72 is placed on the fastening seat on the upper end surface of the fixed piece 61D, and the regulation piece portion 71 is placed on the fastening seat of the mounting portion 75 and overlapped. The fastening pieces 62D are fastened to the fixed pieces 61D by screwing the fastening bolts B into the through holes and the fifth screw holes from above.

  The anti-rotation support portion 60D has an advantage that the fixing piece 61D and the fastening piece 62D can be firmly fixed.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, The other various structure is also included. For example, the work machine of the present invention can be applied not only to a hydraulic excavator but also to a crane or the like. The anti-rotation member 51 should just be connected to the upper side connection part 21a. Accordingly, the anti-rotation member 51 may be other than a bolt, and its shape can be deformed.

  Two anti-rotation members 51 may be connected in opposite directions to two opposing portions of the upper connection portion 21a. If it does so, it will become easier to rotate the upper side connection part 21a.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hydraulic excavator 10 Lower traveling body 20 Swivel bearing 21 Swivel joint 21a Upper connection part 21b Lower connection part 30 Upper revolving body 31 Upper frame 31a Vertical board 31b Bottom board 39 Anti-rotation structure 51 Anti-rotation member 60 Anti-rotation support part 61 Fixed piece 62 Fastening piece

Claims (2)

A work machine in which an upper swing body is mounted on a lower traveling body in a freely swingable manner,
The upper swing body is supported by the lower traveling body via a swing bearing, and includes a bottom plate having an insertion opening at the center of the swing bearing,
The lower traveling body is provided with a swivel joint to be inserted into the insertion port,
The swivel joint is
A lower connection portion fixed to the lower traveling body;
An upper connection part that is rotatably provided in the lower connection part and protrudes above the bottom plate through the insertion port;
Have
Between the bottom plate and the upper connection portion, a detent structure for supporting the upper connection portion so as not to rotate with respect to the bottom plate is provided,
The detent structure is
A detent member connected to a side portion of the upper connection portion so as to protrude outward;
A detent support portion provided in the vicinity of the insertion port of the bottom plate;
Have
The detent support part is
A fixing piece fixed to the bottom plate;
A fastening piece fastened and fixed to the fixed piece;
Have
A work machine in which the anti-rotation member is sandwiched and supported by the fixed piece and the fastening piece from both sides in the rotation direction. The work machine according to claim 1,
The insertion port is disposed at a front portion of the bottom plate,
The front side and the left and right sides above the insertion port are partitioned by members erected on the bottom plate,
A work machine in which the fastening piece is fixed to the fixed piece by fastening a fastener from above.

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