JP6301967B2 - 配電グリッドのデータ収集ネットワークのパフォーマンスを解析し最適化するための方法 - Google Patents
配電グリッドのデータ収集ネットワークのパフォーマンスを解析し最適化するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
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Description
本願は、2013年2月19日に出願された米国仮出願第61/766,551号及び2013年3月13日に出願された米国仮出願第61/779,222号に対する優先権を主張し、それらの内容は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
[発明の分野]
本発明は、短距離及び長距離の送信媒体及びデータ担持ネットワークとして配電網を使用することに関し、更に、経時的に変化する配電網の図式的及びトポロジーの特性を推測するための、ネットワーク上での信号及びメッセージの使用に関する。
[発明の背景]
電力網は、一般に、2つの論理領域、すなわち、送電網及び配電網からなると考えられる。送電網は、水力発電ダム、原子炉、風力発電所、石炭又はガスを燃料とする火力発電所等の大規模発電所を始まりとする。発電ポイントからの電力は、長い高圧送電線の緩く接続されたネットワークを通じた高電圧交流(AC)として、工場、農場、及び人口中心等の、電力についての需要が存在するポイントまで伝送される。送電網のエッジには、配電変電所の集合体が存在する。配電変電所は、1つ以上の変電所変圧器を含み、変電所変圧器は、電圧を高電圧の送電線レベル(通常130kV〜700kV)から中電圧レベル(通常4kV〜約35kV)まで下げ、そのレベルで、電力が、配電サービスエリア内の需要者に配電される。配電網のエッジには、多数の柱上変圧器が存在し、柱上変圧器は、配電網の中電圧を低電圧(米国では、通常、120V、208V、240V、277V、又は480V)に変換する。これらの電圧の一部に加えて、他の電圧が世界の他の場所で使用され得る。場合によっては、変電所変圧器と柱上変圧器との間に図式的に置かれる、逓降変圧器と呼ばれる1つ以上の変圧器の階層が、変電所と柱上変圧器との間で中間的電圧降下を生じさせる。各柱上変圧器は、1つ以上の従量制の負荷(metered load)に電力供給する。負荷は、住宅、商業用又は産業用建築物、一連の街路灯などの地方自治体のインフラストラクチャの要素、あるいは、灌漑システム等の農業用装置であってもよい。典型的な配電網は、電力潮流のバランスをとって調整するために使用される他の要素を含む。このような要素の例は、コンデンサバンク、電圧調整器、スイッチ、及びリクローザである。図1は、電力網の典型的なセグメントを示す。
[発明の概要]
本発明は、それぞれがスマートメータの内部に存在するのに十分に小さい、リモートハブエッジ送信機と呼ばれる少なくとも1つのインテリジェントエッジ送信機を備えるシステムを含む。リモートハブエッジ送信機を含むスマートメータは、リモートハブGLAスマートメータ又は単にリモートハブと呼ばれる。リモートハブは、電気メータに給電する主電源内に変調済電流を注入することによって送信する。システムはまた、インテリジェント送信機からの送信を受信するように動作可能な、少なくとも1つの配電変電所に位置する少なくとも1つの受信機も含む。受信機がエッジ送信機からの送信を確実に検出して復号することを可能にするために、スマートメータと変電所との間において配電網に対する追加又は変更は全く必要とされない。システムは、少なくとも1つの受信機を含む各変電所について1つのコンピューティングプラットフォームを更に備え、コンピューティングプラットフォームは、少なくとも1つの受信機から取得されるデータをデータセンタに送信するために、インターネット等の従来の高速ネットワークへのアクセスを有し、データセンタにおいて、受信されたデータは、集中型コンピュータシステム又は集信装置によって使用されて、限定はしないが、LNM及びPNM等の他の電力事業システムを更新する。一部のマイクログリッド配備において、コンピューティングプラットフォーム及び集信装置は、同じサーバであってもよく、データセンタはマイクログリッドのサービスエリア内に位置する。システムは、スマートメータ、又は、現場に配備されるスイッチ及び電圧調整器等の他のデバイスであって、リモートハブでなく、少なくとも1つのリモートハブと通信するために、G3又はPRIME等の公知のプロトコルを使用して短距離PLC送信を使用するように動作可能なインテリジェントプラットフォームによって増強された、他のデバイスを更に備えることができる。リモートハブでない増強されたこのようなデバイスは、下位リモート(Subordinate Remote)と呼ばれ、増強されたいずれのデバイスも、下位リモートであるか、それともリモートハブであるかにかかわらず、総称してリモートと呼ぶことができる。各リモートハブは、そのリモートハブと同じ柱上変圧器によって電力供給されるリモートのみを管理する。少なくとも1つのリモートハブ及びゼロ個又は1つ以上の下位リモートを備えるリモートの集合体からなる短距離オングリッドネットワークは、変圧器エリアネットワーク、すなわちTANと呼ばれる。リモートは、TAN内で通信できる任意のデバイスである。下位リモート及びリモートハブは、リモートの種類である。全てのリモートは、TAN送受信機を有し、全てのリモートハブは、エッジ送信機を有する。
本発明は、オングリッドデータ収集ネットワークをエッジの他の隣接ネットワーク及びデバイス、変電所、及び配電ネットワークのフィーチャと統合するように、オングリッドデータ収集ネットワークを構築し、動作させるためのシステム及び方法を含み、他の隣接ネットワーク及びデバイスは、スマートメータとAMIとインターネット等の従来のネットワークを含むことができる。システム及び方法は、データセンタにおいてオングリッドデータ収集ネットワークによって収集されたデータを更に統合し、収集されたデータを他のアプリケーションにパブリッシュしてもよい。システム及び方法はまた、統合ネットワークの能力を使用して、配電網の普通なら知られていない静的及び過渡的属性を推測し、スマートグリッドの物理ネットワーク及び論理ネットワークモデルを改良するために、該静的及び過渡的属性を統合ネットワークを介して報告してもよい。これは、保全電圧低減、ボルト/Var最適化、負荷分散、障害の分離、及び回復管理等のスマートグリッドアプリケーションをサポートするモデルの能力をもたらす。
a.トライアックが、電力線のゼロ交差時に閉じる;
b.リレーが閉じる;
c.所望のアクション(一般に、送信)が実施される;
d.リレーが開く;
e.トライアックが、電力線のゼロ交差時に開く
である。
Claims (15)
- 配電グリッドにおいてエッジ・ツー・変電所チャネルのパフォーマンスを最適化する方法であって、
プロセッサを含むコンピューティングプラットフォームにより、柱上変圧器の低電圧側において配電グリッドに接続されるリモートハブからエッジ・ツー・変電所チャネルを介して柱上変圧器の高電圧側において配電グリッドに接続される変電所受信機により受信された複数のメッセージを担持する信号の信号特性を特定するデータを検索すること、
メッセージ成功率を改善する送信パラメータを特定するために、前記エッジ・ツー・変電所チャネルを介して変電所受信機により受信された前記複数のメッセージを担持する前記信号の信号特性を特定するデータを解析すること、及び
エッジ・ツー・変電所チャネルを介する変電所受信機への後続の送信において使用するために、前記送信パラメータを前記リモートハブに伝達すること
を含む、方法。 - 前記データは、ビットあたりのエネルギーとノイズパワースペクトル密度の比率、メッセージ検出率、ビットエラー率、インピーダンス変動、クロストーク、ガウスノイズ及びインパルスノイズ、シンボル配置分離、シンボル間干渉、受信時刻のドリフト、又は変調周波数のドリフトのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記解析することには、複数の代替の周波数帯域の履歴的パフォーマンスを比較することを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記送信パラメータは、リモートハブに関するポリシー変更を含み、前記方法が、受信すると、所定の将来時刻に、又は、コマンド又は命令によって記述される期間の間待機した後に、前記リモートハブがポリシー変更をアクティブにすることを更に含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記リモートハブ上の送信機を再較正することを更に含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記送信パラメータは、リモートハブによって実行可能なコマンド又は命令へと符号化される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記データの解析に基づいて、前記リモートハブについてのメンテナンス作業命令を生成することをさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- エッジ・ツー・変電所チャネル上のリモートハブによってプリアンブル及びデータ担持セグメントを含むメッセージを送信するための駆動電圧及び選択される周波数帯域を最適化するための方法であって、
a.オングリッド通信ネットワーク内のエッジ・ツー・変電所チャネル上にリモートハブを設けること、
b.スペクトルの利用可能な部分にわたって、選択される周波数で少なくとも1つの較正信号を送信すること、
c.各周波数用の駆動電圧で生成される電流を測定し、駆動電圧と結果として得られる電流との関係を計算すること、
d.駆動電圧と結果として得られる電流の測定され計算された関係に基づいて、データ担持送信の少なくとも1つのパラメータを調整すること
を含む方法。 - 所望の電流を生成するために、前記データ担持送信のための前記駆動電圧を調整することを更に含む、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 最低駆動電圧によって所望の電流レベルを達成するために、ポリシーによって決定されるより広い周波数範囲内でデータ担持周波数帯域を選択することを更に含む、請求項8又は9に記載の方法。
- コンピューティングプラットフォーム及び集信装置の少なくとも一方から前記リモートハブへフィードバックを提供することを更に含む、請求項8〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの較正信号は、個々のトーンのシーケンス又は同時に送信されるトーンのグループを含む、請求項8〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの較正信号は、前記プリアンブル及びデータ担持セグメントと別に、メッセージのそれ自身のセグメント内に組み込まれる、請求項8〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記プリアンブルは、プリアンブルパターンの一部として前記少なくとも1つの較正信号を含む、請求項8〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記較正信号は、いずれのメッセージからも独立して送信される、請求項8〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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TWI792772B (zh) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-02-11 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | 儲能系統及其電力調控方法 |
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