JP6290649B2 - 優れた植物病害防除効果を有する菌類用抗菌剤 - Google Patents
優れた植物病害防除効果を有する菌類用抗菌剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6290649B2 JP6290649B2 JP2014032863A JP2014032863A JP6290649B2 JP 6290649 B2 JP6290649 B2 JP 6290649B2 JP 2014032863 A JP2014032863 A JP 2014032863A JP 2014032863 A JP2014032863 A JP 2014032863A JP 6290649 B2 JP6290649 B2 JP 6290649B2
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Images
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
アミノ酸系分子含有量=(アミノ酸系分子添加量)−(フィルター通過液中のアミノ酸系分子の量)
アミノ酸系分子含有率(%)=アミノ酸系分子含有量÷アミノ酸系分子添加量×100
特許文献8、9に記載されている方法に準じてアミノ酸又はデキストランを含有するナノ粒子を製造した。具体的な手順は以下の通りである。
10 mLの0.001N HClに、100mgのアミノ酸を溶解して、その液性pHを要時1N塩酸を用いてpH=3に調整した。アミノ酸としては、アスパラギン酸及びグリシンを使用した。
(2) デキストラン合成系
10 mLの0.01N HClに100mgのデキストラン60Kを溶解し、その液性pHを要時1N塩酸を用いてpH=2に調整した。
動物の病原真菌および植物病原糸状菌を含む様々な菌類に対するナノ粒子の抗菌活性を調べた。ナノ粒子を含有する寒天培地は、YPG寒天培地(グルコース1%、ペプトン0.5%、酵母エキス0.3%、リン酸二水素カリウム0.1%、硫酸マグネシウム0.04%、寒天1.8%)の組成をオートクレーブ後、シャーレに分注する前に所定の終濃度になるようにナノ粒子を添加、混合して作製した。
ナノ粒子を添加したYPG寒天培地上でA. fumigatusを培養し、ナノ粒子不含の培地との間でコロニー(菌糸)の生育を比較した。ナノ粒子は、Asp含有ナノ粒子を0.005w/v%又は0.05w/v%の終濃度で使用した。寒天培地の中央に一定量のA. fumigatusの菌糸を播種して37℃でインキュベートし、24時間後及び48時間後にコロニーの直径を計測した。結果を図1に示す。ナノ粒子の濃度に応じてA. fumigatusの菌糸の伸長は明らかに抑制されていた。
A. fumigatusの胞子に直接0.1w/v%ナノ粒子を噴霧した後、YPG液体培地中で37℃でインキュベートして発芽率を確認した。その結果、図3に示す通り、ナノ粒子を噴霧した胞子では7時間インキュベート後も全く発芽が見られなかった。
0.1w/v%グリシン含有ナノ粒子を含むYPG寒天培地上に1プレート当たり100個のCryptococcus neoformans細胞を播種し、30℃で90時間インキュベートした後、プレート上に形成されたコロニー数を計測した。
Asp含有ナノ粒子を0.1w/v%で含むYPG寒天培地上で各種の植物病原糸状菌のコロニー生育を調べた。
供試菌:
Fusarium oxysporum(萎凋病菌)
Fusarium solani(ジャガイモ乾腐病等の病原菌)
Magnaporthe oryzae(イネいもち病菌)
Alternaria alternata(黒斑病菌)
Botrytis cinerea(灰色かび病菌)
NBRC (Biological Resource Center, NITE) に保存されている各種の菌株について、以下の手順でナノ粒子の胞子発芽抑制効果及び菌糸伸長抑制効果を調べた。
カンキツ黒点病は糸状菌Diaporthe citriにより引き起こされる病害である。カンキツ品種「せとか」の圃場において、開花期後、子実肥大初期に0.01w/v% Aspナノ粒子コロイド水溶液スプレーを幼子実に10日おきに計8回噴霧し、黒点病の発生の有無を観察した。ナノ粒子噴霧の1か月後には、無処理区において黒点病の発生が観察されたが、ナノ粒子処理区では黒点病の発生は認められなかった。ナノ粒子噴霧処理の6か月後、通常の抗カビ展着剤散布区では一部に黒点病が発生したが、ナノ粒子処理区では黒点病の発生は全く確認されなかった(図8)。
Claims (6)
- アスパラギン酸、グリシン及びデキストランからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有し、菌類に対する抗菌活性成分を含まず、かつ、平均粒径が1000nm未満であるシアノアクリレートポリマー粒子を有効成分として含有する、植物病原糸状菌に対する抗菌剤。
- アスパラギン酸を含有する前記粒子を有効成分とする請求項1記載の抗菌剤。
- 前記シアノアクリレートがn−ブチルシアノアクリレートである請求項1又は2記載の抗菌剤。
- 前記植物病原糸状菌が、Fusarium属菌、Magnaporthe属菌、Alternaria属菌、Botrytis属菌、及びDiaporthe属菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の抗菌剤。
- 糸状菌による植物病害の防除剤である請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の抗菌剤。
- アスパラギン酸、グリシン及びデキストランからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含有し、菌類に対する抗菌活性成分を含まず、かつ、平均粒径が1000nm未満であるシアノアクリレートポリマー粒子を有効成分として含有する、菌類に対する抗菌剤であって、前記菌類が、Alternaria属菌、Aspergillus属菌、Botrytis属菌、Cladosporium属菌、Cryptococcus属菌、Diaporthe属菌、Fusarium属菌、Magnaporthe属菌、Paecilomyces属菌、及びPenicillium属菌からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の真菌又は糸状菌である、抗菌剤。
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