JP6263339B2 - Spraying equipment for tunnel construction - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel construction method and a tunnel construction spray work apparatus applied to the construction method.

  When constructing a tunnel, operations such as excavation, excavation of excavated earth and sand, spraying of hardened material, and placement of rock bolts are usually repeated. In consideration of the independence of the face, it is preferable to perform a spraying operation of a hardened material such as concrete as early as possible after excavation. However, there is sediment in the vicinity of the face immediately after excavation. For this reason, it is difficult to bring the working device for spraying the hardened material closer to the face unless the excavated earth and sand are carried out.

  In order to solve these problems, a construction method has been provided in which the inside of the tunnel is divided into upper and lower parts. That is, rails are provided on the upper left and right wall surfaces of the tunnel, and a moving scaffold is provided between these rails, and various working devices are mounted on the moving scaffold. According to this construction method, for example, by mounting a spraying work device on a moving scaffold, it is possible to bring the spraying work device closer to the face even before carrying out excavated earth and sand (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-22400

  However, the moving range of the moving scaffold is limited to the tip of the rail. Therefore, when the length of one excavation is large, the distance from the tip of the rail to the face becomes large, which may cause problems such as difficulty in blowing the hardened material to the face. That is, the above-mentioned construction method cannot be applied when one excavation length is large, and the one excavation length is limited to a very short one within 2 m. Further, not only is the work for providing rails added during the construction of the tunnel, but there is also a problem that an operation for removing the laid rails is required.

  In view of the above circumstances, the present invention is not limited to the excavation length of the tunnel, and does not require complicated work, and the tunnel construction method and tunnel capable of ensuring the independence of the face as soon as possible An object is to provide a construction work apparatus.

In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel construction spray work device according to the present invention is configured to be able to travel and extend and contract along the longitudinal direction, and is supported by the base via a base end portion. A tunnel construction spray working device comprising a manipulator and a spray nozzle supported at the tip of the manipulator, and spraying a hardener from the spray nozzle, wherein the base is separated from the base The spray nozzle can be operated at a position by driving various actuators provided on the manipulator and the spray nozzle to place the tip of the spray nozzle at a desired position, and by operating a pump for a curing material. wired manipulation remote controller is provided to control the blowout amount of the curing material from the outlet, wherein the manipulator is along the longitudinal direction A first boom configured to be extendable and contracted, and a second boom configured to be expandable and contractable along the longitudinal direction and supported by a distal end portion of the first boom via a base end portion. The first boom is supported on the base via a base end portion in a state of being swingable with respect to the base about a first axis and a second axis orthogonal to each other, The second boom is supported by the first boom in a state of being swingable with respect to the first boom around a third axis and a fourth axis that are orthogonal to each other. In a state in which the second boom can be rotated about a fifth axis along the longitudinal direction of the second boom and can swing with respect to the second boom about a sixth axis orthogonal to the fifth axis. It is characterized by being supported at the tip of the second boom .

Further, the present invention is the above-described spraying apparatus for tunnel construction, in which the pump and the engine for traveling are mounted on the base on an overhang portion protruding rearward from the rear wheel, The manipulator is supported at the front end of the lens .

Further, according to the present invention , in the above-described tunnel construction spray work device, the base is configured as a self-propelled four-wheel vehicle having wheels, and the base moves forward. In this case, an outrigger is provided to separate the wheel from the ground .

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that in the above-described tunnel construction spraying work device, a spraying operation unit is provided at a position independent of the manipulator in the base.

  According to the present invention, since the spray nozzle is made to approach the face by extending the manipulator from the base while passing the upper area of the earth and sand generated by excavation, the base itself approaches the face. Even in a situation where it is not possible, the hardened material can be sprayed immediately on the face after excavation to ensure independence. About the above-mentioned work, since it is only necessary to extend the manipulator above the accumulated sediment, there is no risk of the work becoming complicated. Moreover, since the manipulator only has to be extended according to the excavation length, it is possible to spray the hardener on the face even when the excavation length is one time.

FIG. 1 is a side view of a tunnel construction spray work apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view showing a hardened material spraying work state to which the spraying work device shown in FIG. 1 is applied. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional plan view showing a hardened material spraying work state to which the spraying work device shown in FIG. 1 is applied. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional front view showing a state of a hardened material spraying operation to which the spraying device shown in FIG. 1 is applied. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view showing the excavation earth and sand carrying-out operation performed after the hardener spraying operation. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side view showing a modification of the curing material spraying operation to which the spraying device shown in FIG. 1 is applied. FIG. 7 is a side view of a tunnel construction spray work apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view showing a state of a hardened material spraying operation to which the spraying device shown in FIG. 7 is applied.

  Exemplary embodiments of a tunnel construction method and a tunnel construction spray work apparatus according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a tunnel construction spray working apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The spray work apparatus illustrated here is used when spraying concrete as a hardener on the ground surface after excavation, and includes a base 10. The base 10 is configured as a self-propelled four-wheel vehicle equipped with an engine 11. The engine 11 of the base 10 is mounted together with a concrete pump 14 on an overhang portion that protrudes rearward from the rear wheel 13R in the vehicle main body 12. The concrete pump 14 is for supplying concrete received from the outside to a spray nozzle 20 described later.

  A driver's cab 15 is provided on the upper surface of the vehicle body 12. The cab 15 is a portion on which an operator is seated when the base 10 is run, and is disposed at a position between the front wheel 13F and the rear wheel 13R. Although not shown in the figure, the cab 15 is provided with a driving operation unit such as an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, and a handle, which are required when the base 10 is operated to travel.

  Outriggers 16 are provided in the vicinity of the wheels 13F and 13R in the vehicle body 12 of the base 10. The outrigger 16 is a leg member configured to advance and move downward. When each of the outriggers 16 is advanced downward, as shown in FIG. 2, the vehicle body 12 can be lifted and the wheels 13F and 13R can be supported while being separated from the ground. . When the outrigger 16 is moved backward, the individual lower ends are arranged above the wheels 13F, 13R, and the base 10 can be driven via the wheels 13F, 13R.

  On the other hand, a manipulator 30 is supported on the front end portion of the vehicle body 12 via a support bracket 17. The manipulator 30 includes a first boom 130 and a second boom 230.

  The first boom 130 is configured to be extendable and contractible along the longitudinal direction, and can swing around a horizontal axis (first axis) C1 and a vertical axis (second axis). It is attached to the support bracket 17 through the base end portion so as to be swingable about C2. The first boom 130 incorporates a first expansion / contraction cylinder 131 for expanding and contracting along the longitudinal direction. Between the first boom 130 and the vehicle main body 12, a first lifting cylinder 132 that swings the first boom 130 about the axis C <b> 1 along the horizontal direction with respect to the vehicle main body 12, and the vehicle main body 12. On the other hand, there is provided a first turning cylinder (not shown) for swinging the first boom 130 about an axis along the vertical direction. Although not clearly shown in the drawing, the first extension cylinder 131 and the first lifting cylinder 132 have their upper regions in the first boom 130 when the first boom 130 is disposed along the horizontal direction. The individual arrangement positions are set so as to be covered by.

  Similar to the first boom 130, the second boom 230 is configured to be extendable and contractible along the longitudinal direction, and can swing around a horizontal axis (third axis) C3 and along the vertical direction. The first boom 130 is attached to the distal end portion of the first boom 130 through a proximal end portion so as to be swingable about the axis (fourth axis) C4. The second boom 230 incorporates a second expansion / contraction cylinder 231 for expanding and contracting along the longitudinal direction. Between the 2nd boom 230 and the 1st boom 130, the 2nd raising / lowering cylinder 232 which makes the 2nd boom 230 rock | fluctuate centering on the axis | shaft C3 along a horizontal direction with respect to the 1st boom 130, and 1st A second turning cylinder (not shown) for swinging the second boom 230 about the axis C4 along the vertical direction with respect to the boom 130 is provided. Although not clearly shown in the figure, the second boom cylinder 231, the second lifting cylinder 232, and the second turning cylinder (not shown) have the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 arranged in the horizontal direction. The respective arrangement positions are set so that the upper areas are covered by the first boom 130 or the second boom 230 when arranged along the line.

  The spray nozzle 20 is provided at the tip of the second boom 230. The spray nozzle 20 is connected to the concrete pump 14 by a supply tube 21. When the concrete pump 14 is driven, the concrete can be blown out from the outlet at the tip. The spray nozzle 20 is rotatable about an axis (fifth axis) C5 along the longitudinal direction of the second boom 230 and is centered on an axis (sixth axis) C6 orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the second boom 230. It is attached to the tip of the second boom 230 so that it can swing. The supply tube 21 that connects between the spray nozzle 20 and the concrete pump 14 has a length sufficient to maintain the connection state between the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 even when the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 are most extended. Is. The intermediate portion of the supply tube 21 is supported by the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 at appropriate positions. Although not explicitly shown in the figure, the nozzle rotation between the second boom 230 and the spray nozzle 20 is to rotate the spray nozzle 20 about the axis C5 along the longitudinal direction with respect to the second boom 230. An actuator and a nozzle tilting cylinder for swinging the spray nozzle 20 about the axis C6 orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the second boom 230 with respect to the second boom 230 are provided.

  The vehicle body 12 is provided with a wired operation remote controller 40 that is operated when concrete is sprayed. The operation remote controller 40 drives various actuators provided on the manipulator 30 and the spray nozzle 20 to place the tip of the spray nozzle 20 at a desired position, and operates the concrete pump 14 to discharge the spray nozzle 20. It controls the amount of concrete blown out from. The cable 41 connecting the vehicle main body 12 and the operation remote controller 40 has a sufficient length, and the operation remote controller 40 can be operated even at a position away from the vehicle main body 12.

  Hereinafter, a tunnel construction method to which the above-described spray work device is applied will be described. In the following example, the manipulator 30 is configured to have a total length of 15 m or more when the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 are most extended.

  First, after blasting or excavating with a machine, the spraying device is carried into a tunnel before carrying out the earth and sand (hereinafter referred to as “slip”) generated by excavation, and as shown in FIGS. Is arranged at a position close to the gap Z.

  From this state, if the operator holding the operation remote controller 40 moves to a position where the face can be seen well and the manipulator 30 is extended, the spray nozzle 20 is moved in a state where the manipulator 30 passes the upper area of the slot Z. It can be made to approach to a desired position with respect to the face. At this time, as is apparent from FIGS. 2 to 4, the manipulator 30 of the spray working device can swing around the axis C <b> 1 along the horizontal direction with respect to the vehicle body 12, and the axis along the vertical direction. Since it can swing around C2, the spray nozzle 20 can rotate around the axis C5 along the longitudinal direction with respect to the second boom 230 of the manipulator 30 and center around the axis C6 orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the tip of the spray nozzle 20 can be arranged to face the ground surface of the face without moving the base 10.

  Moreover, in this spray work device, the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 constituting the manipulator 30 can swing about the axis C3 along the horizontal direction, and the axis C4 along the vertical direction is the center. Both are connected so as to be swingable. For this reason, the 2nd boom 230 can be arrange | positioned in the attitude | position along the longitudinal direction of a tunnel, and if the 2nd boom 230 is extended-contracted from this state, the attitude | position of the 1st boom 130 with respect to the vehicle main body 12 will be changed. The spray nozzle 20 can be moved along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel with the distance from the spray nozzle 20 to the ground surface of the tunnel kept constant.

  As a result, even if the base 10 itself cannot approach the face due to the gap Z after excavation, concrete can be immediately sprayed on the face to ensure its independence. As for the work of spraying concrete, it is only necessary to extend the manipulator 30 in the upper area of the slot Z, so there is no additional work such as providing a rail in the tunnel, and the construction machine and the carry-out vehicle pass through. There is no need to secure space. Therefore, even a relatively small tunnel that can carry in the spray work device can be easily implemented. Moreover, since the manipulator 30 has only to be extended according to the excavation length, it is possible to spray concrete against the face even when the excavation length of one time reaches about 6 m.

  During this time, the concrete that is scattered during the spraying operation adheres to the manipulator 30, but in the first embodiment, as described above, the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 are arranged along the horizontal direction. Are arranged such that the upper regions of the first telescopic cylinder 131 and the first elevating cylinder 132 are covered by the first boom 130, and the second telescopic cylinder 231 and the second elevating cylinder 132 are disposed. The individual arrangement positions are set so that the upper region of the cylinder 232 and the second turning cylinder (not shown) is covered by the first boom 130 or the second boom 230. Accordingly, depending on the concrete that is scattered and adhered, the first telescopic cylinder 131, the first elevating cylinder 132, the second telescopic cylinder 231, the second elevating cylinder 232, and the second turning cylinder (not shown) may be used. There is no risk of malfunction.

  After the concrete spraying operation is completed, the spraying device is retracted to a position away from the face, or if it is a relatively large tunnel, it is retracted to the side in the vicinity of the face. From this state, as shown in FIG. 5, if the construction machine P for loading the slip Z and the unloading vehicle D for unloading the slip Z are loaded and the slip Z is carried out, then the lock bolt driving work is performed. By carrying out, desired strength can be secured in the natural ground, and the next excavation work can be performed. Hereinafter, the tunnels are sequentially constructed by repeatedly performing the above-described operations.

  In the first embodiment described above, the slip Z is carried out after completion of the concrete spraying operation. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and at the same time the concrete spraying operation is performed, You may make it carry out the carrying-out operation of Z. For example, as in the modification shown in FIG. 6, when concrete is sprayed on the upper part of the natural ground, a sufficient space is secured in the lower region of the manipulator 30 that has been extended. If there is, by moving the construction machine P such as a backhoe to the lower region of the manipulator 30, it is possible to carry out the work of carrying out the slip Z simultaneously with the concrete spraying work. In this case, an unloading vehicle such as a dump truck that unloads the slip Z to the outside of the tunnel may be kept on the side or behind the spray work device. In addition, although not explicitly shown in the figure, when performing concrete spraying work on the side part of the natural ground, the work space can be secured by moving the spraying work device to the side, It is possible to carry out the removal work at the same time on the side of the spraying device that is performing the concrete spraying operation.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 7 shows a tunnel construction spray working apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The spray work apparatus illustrated here is used when spraying concrete as a hardening material onto the ground surface after excavation, as in the first embodiment. The first embodiment is an operation cage (operation section). ) Only the point provided with 60 is different. Hereinafter, the differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described in detail, and the same configurations as those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

  The operation cage 60 is configured by arranging a fence around the bottom plate, and is supported on the front end portion of the vehicle main body 12 via a cage boom 50. Although not clearly shown in the drawing, the cage boom 50 is configured to be extendable and contractable along the longitudinal direction, like the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 of the manipulator 30, and the axis along the horizontal direction is arranged. It is attached to the vehicle main body 12 via the base end portion so as to be swingable about the center and swingable about an axis along the vertical direction. The cage boom 50 and the operation cage 60 are connected so as to be swingable about a horizontal axis. By appropriately swinging with respect to the cage boom 50, the cage boom 50 Regardless of the inclination angle, the bottom plate can always be moved so as to be horizontal.

  Although not clearly shown in the figure, the cage boom 50 is provided with a cage expansion / contraction cylinder for extending / contracting the cage boom 50 along the longitudinal direction, and between the cage boom 50 and the operation cage 60. Is provided with a cage rotation cylinder for rotating the operation cage 60 about the axis along the horizontal direction with respect to the cage boom 50. Further, between the cage boom 50 and the vehicle main body 12, a cage lifting cylinder that swings the cage boom 50 with respect to the vehicle main body 12 about an axis along the horizontal direction, and the vehicle main body 12. And a cage turning cylinder for swinging the cage boom 50 about an axis along the vertical direction. Furthermore, in addition to the functions of the first embodiment, the operation remote controller 40 applied in the second embodiment controls the driving of the above-described cage telescopic cylinder, cage rotating cylinder, cage lifting cylinder, and cage turning cylinder. Thus, the operation cage 60 is moved to a desired position.

  Hereinafter, a tunnel construction method to which the above-described spray work device is applied will be described. First, after blasting or excavating with a machine, the spraying device is carried into a tunnel before carrying out the shear Z generated by the excavation, and the base 10 is arranged at a position close to the shear Z as shown in FIG. .

  From this state, by operating the operation remote controller 40 in a state where the operator gets into the operation cage 60, the operator moves to a position where the face can be seen well, and the manipulator 30 is extended. The spray nozzle 20 can be brought close to a desired position while passing through the upper region. At this time, the operation cage 60 in which the operator gets in can also move to the upper region of the slip Z, and the face can be visually confirmed more reliably.

  Further, the manipulator 30 of the spray working device can swing around the axis C1 along the horizontal direction with respect to the vehicle body 12, and can swing around the axis C2 along the vertical direction. The spray nozzle 20 can rotate around the axis C5 along the longitudinal direction with respect to the second boom 230 of the manipulator 30, and can swing around the axis C6 orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. The tip of the spray nozzle 20 can be disposed so as to face the ground surface of the face without making it.

  Moreover, in this spray work device, the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 constituting the manipulator 30 can swing about the axis C3 along the horizontal direction, and the axis C4 along the vertical direction is the center. Both are connected so as to be swingable. For this reason, the 2nd boom 230 can be arrange | positioned in the attitude | position along the longitudinal direction of a tunnel, and if the 2nd boom 230 is extended-contracted from this state, the attitude | position of the 1st boom 130 with respect to the vehicle main body 12 will be changed. The spray nozzle 20 can be moved along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel with the distance from the spray nozzle 20 to the ground surface of the tunnel kept constant.

  As a result, even if the base 10 itself cannot approach the face due to the gap Z after excavation, concrete can be immediately sprayed on the face to ensure its independence. As for the work of spraying concrete, it is only necessary to extend the manipulator 30 in the upper area of the slot Z, so there is no additional work such as providing a rail in the tunnel, and the construction machine and the carry-out vehicle pass through. There is no need to secure space. Therefore, even a relatively small tunnel that can carry in the spray work device can be easily implemented. Moreover, since the manipulator 30 has only to be extended according to the excavation length, it is possible to spray concrete against the face even when the excavation length of one time reaches about 6 m.

  During these times, the concrete that is scattered during the spraying operation adheres to the manipulator 30. In the first embodiment, as described above, the first boom 130 and the second boom 230 are arranged along the horizontal direction. In this case, the respective disposition positions are set so that the upper regions of the first telescopic cylinder 131 and the first elevating cylinder 132 are covered by the first boom 130, and the second telescopic cylinder 231 and the second The individual arrangement positions are set so that the upper areas of the lifting cylinder 232 and the second turning cylinder (not shown) are covered by the first boom 130 or the second boom 230. Accordingly, depending on the concrete that is scattered and adhered, the first telescopic cylinder 131, the first elevating cylinder 132, the second telescopic cylinder 231, the second elevating cylinder 232, and the second turning cylinder (not shown) may be used. There is no risk of malfunction.

  After the concrete spraying operation is completed, the spraying device is retracted to a position away from the face, or if it is a relatively large tunnel, it is retracted to the side in the vicinity of the face. From this state, if the construction machine for loading the slip Z and the unloading vehicle for unloading the slip Z are carried in and the slip Z is carried out, then the lock bolt is driven into the desired ground The next excavation work can be performed. Hereinafter, the tunnels are sequentially constructed by repeatedly performing the above-described operations.

  It should be noted that the carry-out operation of the slip Z may be performed simultaneously with the concrete spraying operation. Specifically, when concrete is sprayed on the upper part of the natural ground, under the condition that a sufficient space is secured in the lower region of the extended manipulator 30, the lower portion of the manipulator 30 The construction machine P such as a backhoe can be moved to the area to carry out the slip Z operation. In this case, the dump truck may be kept waiting at the side or the rear of the spray work device. In addition, when performing concrete spraying work on the side of a natural ground, it is possible to secure space by moving the spraying device to the side, and spraying work in which concrete is sprayed It is possible to carry out the removal work simultaneously on the side of the apparatus.

10 base 15 cab 20 spray nozzle 30 manipulator 40 remote control 60 operation cage 130 first boom 230 second boom C1 axis C2 axis C3 axis C4 axis C5 axis C6 axis D unloading vehicle P construction machine Z slip

Claims (4)

A base that can travel, a manipulator configured to extend and contract along the longitudinal direction, supported by the base via a base end, and a spray nozzle supported by the tip of the manipulator, A tunnel construction spraying device that sprays a hardened material from a spray nozzle,
The base is operable at a position away from the base, and drives various actuators provided on the manipulator and the spray nozzle to place the tip of the spray nozzle at a desired position, and a curing material. A wired type remote controller for controlling the amount of the hardened material blown out from the outlet of the spray nozzle by operating the pump is provided ;
The manipulator includes a first boom configured to be extendable along the longitudinal direction, and a second boom configured to be extendable along the longitudinal direction and supported by a distal end portion of the first boom via a base end portion. And configured with
The first boom is supported on the base via a base end portion in a state where the first boom is swingable with respect to the base about a first axis and a second axis orthogonal to each other.
The second boom is supported by the first boom in a state where it can swing with respect to the first boom around a third axis and a fourth axis orthogonal to each other.
The spray nozzle can rotate around a fifth axis along the longitudinal direction of the second boom, and can swing with respect to the second boom around a sixth axis orthogonal to the fifth axis. The tunnel construction spraying work apparatus is characterized in that it is supported by the tip of the second boom in such a state . In the base, the pump and the engine for traveling are mounted on an overhang portion protruding rearward from the rear wheel,
2. The tunnel construction spray work device according to claim 1, wherein the manipulator is supported at a front end portion of the base. The base is configured as a self-propelled four-wheel vehicle equipped with wheels,
2. The tunnel construction spray work device according to claim 1, wherein the base is provided with an outrigger that separates the wheel from the ground when moving forward downward. 3.   The tunnel construction spray working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an operation unit for spraying work is provided at a position independent of the manipulator in the base.

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