JP6255414B2 - 材料の識別方法 - Google Patents
材料の識別方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6255414B2 JP6255414B2 JP2015541236A JP2015541236A JP6255414B2 JP 6255414 B2 JP6255414 B2 JP 6255414B2 JP 2015541236 A JP2015541236 A JP 2015541236A JP 2015541236 A JP2015541236 A JP 2015541236A JP 6255414 B2 JP6255414 B2 JP 6255414B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
- G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption
- G01N23/083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and measuring the absorption the radiation being X-rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
- G01R33/16—Measuring susceptibility
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/46—NMR spectroscopy
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Description
核磁気共鳴技術を適用してサンプル内の相対核帯磁率と相関するデータ項目を取得する工 程と、
検査対象の物体の別の測定値と相関する別のデータ項目、特には電子の合計数を取得する工程と、
それらのデータ項目から比を求める工程とを備える。
試験対象の物体にX線またはγ線などの高エネルギー放射線を照射するとともに、該物体から放出される放射線を適切な検出システムで収集し、この際、該放出される放射線の強度データを試験対象の物体の全体積について収集する工程と、
放射線強度データを数値的に処理して、サンプル内の電子の合計数と相関する第1のデータ項目を取得する工程と、
核磁気共鳴技術を適用してサンプル内の水素原子の合計数と相関する第2のデータ項目を取得する工程と、
第1および第2のデータ項目から水素/電子比(HER:Hydrogen to Electron Ratio)を求める工程とを備える。
・低エネルギーでは、光子エネルギーを原子の軌道に乗る電子に伝達する光電効果の影響が大きくなる。
・より高いエネルギーでは、光子が原子の周囲の電子を散乱させるコンプトン散乱が起こる。
βを電子密度ρeに対する比例定数とすると、
入射強度I0を有する厚さtの媒体から生じる任意のエネルギーのビームの出力強度Iのランベルト・ベールの式では、透過率Tは
両辺の対数をとって先の式を線減衰係数に代入すると
面積AにわたるX線を収集すると、その面積にわたって積分することができる。
ここで、Vは調査するサンプルの体積であり、Neはサンプル内の電子数である。したがって、
そのため、βを取得するようシステムを較正した場合、サンプル内の電子数を一連の透過率測定によって計算することができる。
Claims (4)
- 物体の検査方法であって、
核磁気共鳴技術を適用してサンプル内の水素原子の合計数と相関するデータ項目を取得する工程と、
全体の検出面積にわたり積分した放射線の吸収から導かれる計算を実行することにより、サンプル内の電子の合計数と相関するさらなるデータ項目を取得する工程であり、
該計算が、
一連の透過率測定を実行し、次式の関係
に従って、放射線の透過率Tを求める工程と、
次式の関係
に従って、全体の検出面積Aにわたり積分を行い、それによって、サンプル内の電子の合計数Neと相関する積を求める工程とを備える、工程と、
それらのデータ項目から比を求める工程とを備える方法。 - 放射線の強度データを数値的に処理して、全体の検出面積にわたり積分した放射線の吸収から導かれる計算を実行することにより前記サンプル内の電子の合計数と相関する第1のデータ項目を取得する工程を備え、
該計算が、
一連の透過率測定を実行し、次式の関係
に従って、放射線の透過率Tを求める工程と、
次式の関係
に従って、全体の検出面積Aにわたり積分を行う工程と、
これらから、次式の関係
- 前記放射線が高エネルギー電離放射線からなる、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記放射線が広帯域X線源またはγ線源から発生する、請求項3に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB1220419.4A GB201220419D0 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Identification of materials |
GB1220419.4 | 2012-11-13 | ||
PCT/GB2013/052956 WO2014076462A2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2013-11-11 | Identification of materials |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2016501361A JP2016501361A (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
JP2016501361A5 JP2016501361A5 (ja) | 2016-12-08 |
JP6255414B2 true JP6255414B2 (ja) | 2017-12-27 |
Family
ID=47470533
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015541236A Active JP6255414B2 (ja) | 2012-11-13 | 2013-11-11 | 材料の識別方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9841390B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2920601A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6255414B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB201220419D0 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014076462A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB201220418D0 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-12-26 | Kromek Ltd | Identification of materials |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4149081A (en) | 1976-11-29 | 1979-04-10 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Removal of spectral artifacts and utilization of spectral effects in computerized tomography |
US4571491A (en) | 1983-12-29 | 1986-02-18 | Shell Oil Company | Method of imaging the atomic number of a sample |
CA2139537C (en) | 1994-01-07 | 2007-04-24 | Ulf Anders Staffan Tapper | Method and apparatus for the classification of matter |
US6333971B2 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2001-12-25 | George S. Allen | Fiducial marker |
WO1998002763A1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-22 | American Science And Engineering, Inc. | Side scatter tomography system |
JPH10318951A (ja) | 1997-05-22 | 1998-12-04 | Nkk Corp | 核磁気共鳴及びx線による木材検査装置 |
JP3827224B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-19 | 2006-09-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 荷物検査装置 |
JP4839050B2 (ja) | 2005-09-21 | 2011-12-14 | 独立行政法人放射線医学総合研究所 | 多色x線測定装置 |
US7372262B2 (en) | 2005-11-09 | 2008-05-13 | Passport Systems, Inc. | Methods and systems for active non-intrusive inspection and verification of cargo and goods |
US7697657B2 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2010-04-13 | General Electric Company | System and method of density and effective atomic number imaging |
JP2009008441A (ja) | 2007-06-26 | 2009-01-15 | Ihi Corp | 半固定式物質同定装置および方法 |
JP5224023B2 (ja) | 2007-08-10 | 2013-07-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 高速材質識別検査装置および方法 |
JP2009053090A (ja) | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-12 | Ihi Corp | 材質識別検査装置および方法 |
CN101435783B (zh) | 2007-11-15 | 2011-01-26 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | 物质识别方法和设备 |
JP5177633B2 (ja) | 2007-11-16 | 2013-04-03 | 株式会社Ihi | 材質識別検査装置および方法 |
GB0823093D0 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-01-28 | Durham Scient Crystals Ltd | Apparatus and method for characterisation of materials |
US8700333B2 (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2014-04-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Apparatus and algorithm for measuring formation bulk density |
US9557394B2 (en) * | 2012-04-25 | 2017-01-31 | U.S. Department Of Energy | Classification of materials using nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion and/or x-ray absorption |
GB201220418D0 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-12-26 | Kromek Ltd | Identification of materials |
-
2012
- 2012-11-13 GB GBGB1220419.4A patent/GB201220419D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2013
- 2013-11-11 WO PCT/GB2013/052956 patent/WO2014076462A2/en active Application Filing
- 2013-11-11 US US14/441,999 patent/US9841390B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-11 EP EP13795561.3A patent/EP2920601A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-11-11 JP JP2015541236A patent/JP6255414B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9841390B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 |
GB201220419D0 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
WO2014076462A3 (en) | 2014-09-04 |
JP2016501361A (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
US20150300967A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
EP2920601A2 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
WO2014076462A2 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
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