JP6248837B2 - Insert member - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an insert member formed by assembling the other member to one member having a relatively different coefficient of thermal expansion.

  In processing such as plastic processing such as forging and molding and solidification of metal powder, tool steel such as a mold, a die, and a punch is generally used. For example, when manufacturing rare earth magnets, tool steel is used to sinter nano-sized and micro-sized magnetic powders to produce sintered bodies, and magnetic anisotropy is imparted to these sintered bodies. Tool steel is also used when performing hot plastic working.

  Tool steel is generally formed of steel material. For example, if this material can be replaced from steel to ceramics, the wear of the tool steel can be suppressed as much as possible, and the life of the tool steel is greatly extended. be able to.

  However, since ceramics are more expensive than steel, it is preferable not to replace all of the tool steel with ceramics but to replace only part of them with ceramics. In order to achieve partial replacement with ceramics in this way, it is preferable to insert a ceramic material member and a steel material member into a tool steel made of an insert member.

  In this way, when tool steel is formed with an insert member made of a ceramic material member and a steel material member, in general, a convex portion provided on the other member is placed at room temperature with respect to a concave portion provided on one member. Processing to press fit under atmosphere.

  By the way, since the ceramic material member and the steel material member have different coefficients of thermal expansion, when tool steel made of this insert member is used in a high-temperature atmosphere, the two members are connected by the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of both members. As a result of changes in the size and shape of the concave and convex portions and the press-fitting allowance, the press-fit fixed state cannot be maintained in some cases, and the tool steel may be decomposed or broken.

  Here, Patent Document 1 relates to a tool insert in which a grindstone tip is coupled to an insert body, and the grindstone chip is irreversibly plastically deformed by press-fitting or the like with respect to the insert body. A tool insert adapted to be held is disclosed.

  According to this tool insert, it is said that problems such as costs for tool production by brazing can be solved. However, regarding the insert body and the grindstone chip having different thermal expansion coefficients from each other, the above-described problem that the press-fit state cannot be maintained due to a change in press-fitting allowance due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient at high temperatures cannot be solved.

JP 2010-264586 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and relates to an insert member in which different types of members having different thermal expansion coefficients are assembled in a normal temperature atmosphere. When the insert member is placed in a high temperature atmosphere. However, it aims at providing the insert member which can maintain the firm fixed state of both members.

  In order to achieve the above object, an insert member according to the present invention comprises a first member and a second member having relatively different coefficients of thermal expansion, wherein one of the first member and the second member has a recess, and the other The insert member is formed by press-fitting the convex portion into the concave portion, and the shape, size, and position of the convex portion with respect to the shape and size of the concave portion at room temperature are determined according to the convexity at normal temperature. When the shape, size, and position of the convex part relative to the shape and size of the concave part at high temperatures to which the insert member is exposed are defined as the relative physical quantity of the convex parts at high temperature The concave portion is a continuous groove including the relative physical quantity of the convex portion at the normal temperature and the relative physical quantity of the convex portion at the high temperature.

  In the insert member of the present invention, two members having different coefficients of thermal expansion are connected to each other by fitting the respective concave portions and convex portions, and the relative shapes of the convex portions with respect to the concave portions at normal temperature and high temperature By specifying the size and position in advance and forming a recess that includes the size and shape of the protrusion at each temperature, the fixed state of both members at normal temperature and high temperature can be obtained. It can be maintained.

  Here, “high temperature” means the higher temperature in the temperature range to which the insert member is exposed, and the temperature at the high temperature varies depending on the design temperature, for example, 300 ° C., 600 ° C., etc. Is set.

  In addition, as described above, “physical quantity” in this specification means the shape, size, and position of the convex portion relative to the shape and size of the concave portion, and the convex portion is press-fitted into the concave portion. There is a physical quantity at normal temperature and a physical quantity at design high temperature.

  Further, here, “shape” and “dimension” mainly mean a planar dimension or shape of a concave portion or a convex portion. For example, a dimension in the height direction such as the depth of the concave portion or the height of the convex portion. Of course, shapes and shapes are also included.

  Here, either the embodiment in which the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first member is relatively small or the embodiment in which the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first member is relatively large may be used. The member is made of ceramics, and the second member is made of metal. In the latter form, the first member is made of metal, and the second member is made of ceramics. Can be mentioned.

  In addition, since one of the first member and the second member has a concave portion and the other has a convex portion, in the embodiment in which the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first member is relatively small, the first member In addition to a mode in which the member has a concave portion and the second member has a convex portion, there is a mode in which the first member has a convex portion and the second member has a concave portion. Similarly, in the embodiment in which the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first member is relatively large, there is a form in which the first member has a concave portion and a form in which the first member has a convex portion.

  For example, when the first member has a relatively small coefficient of thermal expansion as compared with the second member and the concave portion into which the convex portion included in the second member is press-fitted is illustrated, from a normal temperature atmosphere to a high temperature atmosphere When the temperature is changed, the amount of thermal deformation of the convex portion is larger than that of the concave portion, the dimension of the convex portion after the deformation is relatively large with respect to the concave portion, and the shape becomes large. In addition, the position of the convex portion (for example, the center position) can be changed between normal temperature and high temperature. Therefore, in a normal temperature atmosphere, it has a predetermined planar size and shape, and with respect to the absolute position of the convex portion in the second member in the normal temperature atmosphere, the planar size and shape of the convex portion at the design high temperature, The absolute position of the convex part in the second member is specified in advance.

  Similarly, when the temperature changes from the normal temperature atmosphere to the high temperature atmosphere, the first member does not change to the same extent as the second member, but the initial shape and dimensions change. Is specified.

  Regarding the shape and dimensions of the recess, the relative physical quantity of the projection with respect to the recess in two temperature states at normal temperature and high temperature is specified, and the recess is constituted by continuous grooves including these two physical quantities. It is. That is, the concave portion includes a miracle that connects the relative physical quantities of the convex portion in two temperature states.

  By forming such a recess in the first member having a relatively small coefficient of thermal expansion, for example, even when the temperature changes between a normal temperature atmosphere and a high temperature atmosphere, the recess is press-fitted so that the projection is press-fitted. The allowance can always be secured, and a strong press-fitted and fixed state can be maintained even with temperature changes.

In addition, there are various combinations of corresponding concave portions and convex portions, and one of the first member and the second member has one concave portion and the other has one convex portion, or the concave portion and the convex portion. The form with two or more of each is mentioned.
An embodiment in which the first member is made of ceramics and the second member is made of metal can be mentioned.

  For example, in the manufacture of conventional rare earth magnets, punches used for producing sintered bodies by sintering magnetic powder or for producing anisotropic magnets by hot plastic working of sintered bodies are made of metal. It was a punch. This punch is comprised from the plate member and pressing member which press a material directly. Of these punches, for example, the plate member can be a ceramic first member, the pushing member can be a metal second member, and both can be assembled by press fitting to improve the wear resistance of the punch. The life of the punch can be extended. Further, since the entire punch is not replaced with ceramics, but only a part thereof is replaced with ceramics, the manufacturing cost of the punch does not increase significantly.

  As can be understood from the above description, according to the insert member of the present invention, in a configuration in which two members having different coefficients of thermal expansion are connected to each other by fitting the respective concave portions and convex portions, By forming the recesses from continuous grooves that include the relative shape, size and position of the projections at high temperatures, it is possible to maintain a firm fixed state of both members from room temperature to high temperatures. it can.

It is a perspective view of the punch which is embodiment of the insert member of this invention. (A) is a front view of the pushing member which comprises a punch, (b) is a bb arrow line view of FIG. 2a. (A) is a top view of the plate member which comprises a punch, (b) is a bb arrow line view of FIG. 3a. It is a figure explaining the design method of a recessed part, Comprising: (a) is a top view of a plate member, (b) is a bb arrow line view of FIG. 4a. It is the schematic diagram which showed the other form of the convex part and the recessed part.

  Embodiments of the insert member of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, although the cross-sectional shape of the convex part of the example of illustration is circular, it is needless to say that the convex part of other cross-sectional shapes, such as an ellipse and a polygon, may be sufficient. In the illustrated example, the first member has a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion and has a recess, and the second member has a relatively large coefficient of thermal expansion and has a protrusion that is press-fitted into the recess. However, in addition to the illustrated example, the first member having a small coefficient of thermal expansion has a convex portion (the second member has a concave portion), and the first member has a relatively large coefficient of thermal expansion. The second member has a small thermal expansion coefficient and has a convex portion, and the first member has a relatively large thermal expansion coefficient and has a convex portion (second member). Of course, the coefficient of thermal expansion may be small and a recess may be provided.

(Embodiment of insert member)
1 is a perspective view of a punch as an embodiment of an insert member of the present invention, FIG. 2a is a front view of a pushing member constituting the punch, and FIG. 2b is a view taken along the line bb in FIG. 2a. 3a is a plan view of a plate member constituting the punch, and FIG. 3b is a view taken along the line bb of FIG. 3a. Further, FIG. 4 is a view for explaining a method of designing a recess, FIG. 4a is a plan view of a plate member, and FIG. 4b is a view taken along the line bb in FIG. 4a.

  The insert member 10 shown in FIG. 1 is press-fitted with a convex portion (not shown) provided on the pushing member 2 (second member) to a concave portion (not shown) provided on the plate member 1 (first member). The whole is configured.

  The plate member 1 is made of ceramics, and the pushing member 2 is made of a metal such as steel. The plate member 1 has a coefficient of thermal expansion relatively smaller than that of the pushing member 2.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the lower surface 2a of the pushing member 2 has two convex portions 21 having a circular cross section on the left and right, and these two convex portions 21 are located on the left and right sides of the upper surface 1a of the plate member 1 shown in FIG. Is press-fitted into the recess 11 provided in the.

  The concave portion 11 shown in FIG. 3 has a contour capable of accommodating a large circle on the left and right end sides of the plate member 1, and has a contour capable of accommodating a relatively small circle on the center side of the plate member 1. It presents a contour that connects the contours with straight lines.

A method for setting the shape and dimensions of the recess 11 provided in the plate member 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
First, on the upper surface 1a of the plate member 1, the planar size and shape of the convex portion 21a at normal temperature are projected around the center point P1, and similarly, the planar size and shape of the convex portion 21b at high temperature assumed in design are used. Is projected (center point P2). That is, when the temperature changes from room temperature to high temperature (when the maximum temperature is 300 ° C., in a temperature atmosphere of 300 ° C.), the size and shape of the convex portion 21 change (Y direction in FIG. 4). The center position also changes (moves) (in the same Y direction).

  Two straight lines extending diagonally in the left-right direction are drawn so as to connect the outer contours of the projected convex portions 21a and 21b, and the concave portion 11 ′ in the first design stage including the outer contours of the convex portions 21a and 21b is manufactured. .

  Next, based on the recess 11 ′, a recess 11 ″ having a size smaller than the recess 11 ′ and having a similar shape in the second design stage is manufactured. In other words, in consideration of the fact that the finally determined recess 11 itself is also thermally deformed, the recess 11 ″ is not determined by simply adding a press-fitting allowance to the recess 11 ′. The recessed portion 11 ′ having a similar shape and a small size is set by multiplying a predetermined correction coefficient, for example, so that the recessed portion after thermal deformation secures a desired press-fitting allowance.

  In contrast to the concave portion 11 ″ at the second design stage, the concave portion 11 ″ is defined as the shape and dimensions at normal temperature, and then the temperature at the concave portion 11 ″ changes at the high temperature. Recess 11 '' 'is produced.

  The shape and dimensions of the concave portion 11 finally determined are the convex portion 21a in each temperature atmosphere in consideration of the press-fitting allowance in addition to the size, shape and position of the convex portions 21a and 21b at normal temperature and high temperature. , 21b must be set so that the contour of the recess 11 is on the inner side.

  There is a recess 11 ′ in the first design stage outside the contour of the recess 11 ′ ″ in the third design stage, but there is a press-fitting allowance between the contours of these two recesses 11 ′, 11 ′ ″. The recessed part 11 made into consideration is manufactured.

  The concave portion 11 manufactured in this way includes a convex portion 21a at a normal temperature, a convex portion 21b at a high temperature, and a locus (contour) including all the convex portions 21 in the process of thermal deformation from the convex portion 21a to the convex portion 21b. As a reference, the groove has a shape and a size that are reduced in size by a set amount of press-fitting allowance.

  According to the punch 10 (insert member) shown in FIG. 1, for example, a plate member 1 that directly presses a material and a pressing member 2, the plate member 1 is a ceramic first member, and the pressing member 2 is a metal second member, and both are assembled by press-fitting, so that the overall wear resistance of the plate member 1 is greatly improved as compared to the case of a conventional metal punch. Long life can be achieved.

  Further, since the entire punch is not replaced with ceramics, but only a part thereof is replaced with ceramics, the manufacturing cost of the punch does not increase significantly.

  Further, regarding the concave portion 11 into which the convex portion 21 having a relatively large thermal expansion amount is press-fitted, the shape and dimensions of the concave portion 11 are concave portions in two temperature states at normal temperature and high design temperature. The relative physical quantity (shape, size, position) of the convex part 21 with respect to 11 is specified, and the concave part 11 is constituted by a continuous groove including these two physical quantities. Therefore, even when the temperature changes between a normal temperature atmosphere and a high temperature atmosphere, the recess 11 can always secure a press-fitting allowance for press-fitting the convex portion 21 and maintain a strong press-fitted and fixed state even with a temperature change. be able to.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing another form of the convex portion and the concave portion.
The plate member 1A shown in the figure is line-symmetric and includes four concave portions 11 on the left and right sides.
For this plate member 1A, there are eight convex portions corresponding to the lower surface of the opposite pushing member.

  The locus of the eight convex portions due to thermal deformation at normal temperature to high temperature is verified (in the example shown in the figure, each convex portion is deformed in an oblique direction from the convex portion 21a at normal temperature to the convex portion 21b at high temperature. According to the verification result, the eight concave portions 11 are processed into the plate member 1A.

  In addition, there are various forms other than the example shown in the figure for the radix of the convex part and the concave part, but in any form, the locus of the convex part due to thermal deformation from normal temperature to high temperature is verified, and the press fitting allowance is reduced. In addition, the design method for determining the shape and dimensions of the recesses is the same.

  Moreover, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, when the plate member which comprises a recessed part is metal, and the pushing member which comprises a convex part is a ceramic, both relative deformation amount etc. which are shown in FIG. 4 differ. For this reason (the amount of thermal deformation of the concave portion is relatively larger than that of the convex portion), the shape and dimensions of the groove of the concave portion are set in consideration of these relative physical quantities.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. They are also included in the present invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A ... 1st member (plate member), 1a ... Upper surface, 11 ... Recessed part, 11 '... Recessed part in 1st design stage, 11' '... Recessed part in 2nd design stage, 11' '' ... 3rd Concave part in design stage, 2 ... second member (pushing member), 2a ... bottom surface, 21 ... convex part, 21a ... convex part at normal temperature, 21b ... convex part at high temperature, 10 ... insert member (punch)

Claims (6)

It consists of a first member and a second member that have relatively different coefficients of thermal expansion, one of the first member and the second member has a recess, the other has a projection, and the projection has a recess. Is an insert member formed by press-fitting,
The shape, size, and position of the convex portion with respect to the shape and size of the concave portion at normal temperature are defined as relative physical quantities of the convex portion at normal temperature,
When the shape, size and position of the convex portion with respect to the shape and size of the concave portion at high temperature to which the insert member is exposed are defined as the relative physical quantity of the convex portion at high temperature,
The said recessed part is an insert member which is a continuous groove | channel in which the relative physical quantity of the convex part in the said normal temperature and the relative physical quantity of the convex part in the said high temperature are contained.   The insert member according to claim 1, wherein the first member has a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion.   The insert member according to claim 2, wherein the first member is made of ceramics and the second member is made of metal.   The insert member according to claim 1, wherein the first member has a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion.   The insert member according to claim 4, wherein the first member is made of metal and the second member is made of ceramics.   The insert member according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein one or two or more combinations of corresponding recesses and protrusions are provided.

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