JP6246385B2 - 排ガス後処理システム及び排ガス後処理方法 - Google Patents
排ガス後処理システム及び排ガス後処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6246385B2 JP6246385B2 JP2016551151A JP2016551151A JP6246385B2 JP 6246385 B2 JP6246385 B2 JP 6246385B2 JP 2016551151 A JP2016551151 A JP 2016551151A JP 2016551151 A JP2016551151 A JP 2016551151A JP 6246385 B2 JP6246385 B2 JP 6246385B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 250
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 138
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 124
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 176
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 and thereafter Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.NC([NH3+])=N JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/004—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 specially adapted for marine propulsion, i.e. for receiving simultaneously engine exhaust gases and engine cooling water
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
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- F01N2340/06—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger
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- F01N2410/12—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of absorption, adsorption or desorption of exhaust gas constituents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
11 シリンダ
12 排ガス
12a 主排ガス流
12b 部分排ガス流
12b1 部分排ガス流の第1の部分
12b2 部分排ガス流の第2の部分
13 SCR触媒コンバータ
14 排ガス
15 装置
15a 装置
15b 装置
16 排ガス洗浄装置
17 排ガス
18 水
19 排水
20,20a バイパス
21 SCR触媒コンバータ
22 バイパス
23 加水分解触媒コンバータ
24 ターボチャージャ
24a 高圧段ターボチャージャ
24b 低圧段ターボチャージャ
25 タービン
25a 高圧タービン
25b 低圧タービン
26 コンプレッサ
26a 高圧コンプレッサ
26b 低圧コンプレッサ
27 過給気
Claims (11)
- 内燃機関、特に重油で作動される船舶用ディーゼル機関のための排ガス後処理システムであって、排ガスを脱窒するために還元剤としてアンモニアを用いるSCR触媒コンバータ(13)と、前記排ガスの流れ方向で見て前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流に配置された装置(15,15a,15b)とを具備し、前記装置を介してアンモニア及び/又は前記排ガスにおいてアンモニアに変換されるアンモニア前駆物質を、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流において前記排ガスに導入可能である、排ガス後処理システムにおいて、
前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の下流に排ガス洗浄装置(16)が配置されており、前記排ガス洗浄装置を介して、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)から出る前記排ガスに含有されているアンモニアは、同様に前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)から出る前記排ガスに含有されている硫黄酸化物と共に、アンモニウム塩を形成しながら前記排ガスから洗い流し可能とされ、
バイパス(20,20a)が設けられており、前記バイパスを介して、前記アンモニア及び/又は前記アンモニア前駆物質を前記排ガスに導入するのに役立つ前記装置(15,15a,16)の下流であって、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流において、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)を介して案内可能である主排ガス流(12a)を形成しながら、部分排ガス流(12b)が前記排ガスから分岐可能であり、最終的に前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の下流であって前記排ガス洗浄装置(16)の上流において、前記SCR触媒コンバータを介して案内された前記排ガス(14)に供給可能であることを特徴とする、排ガス後処理システム。 - 内燃機関、特に重油で作動される船舶用ディーゼル機関のための排ガス後処理システムであって、排ガスを脱窒するために還元剤としてアンモニアを用いるSCR触媒コンバータ(13)と、前記排ガスの流れ方向で見て前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流に配置された装置(15,15a,15b)とを具備し、前記装置を介してアンモニア及び/又は前記排ガスにおいてアンモニアに変換されるアンモニア前駆物質を、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流において前記排ガスに導入可能である、排ガス後処理システムにおいて、
前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の下流に排ガス洗浄装置(16)が配置されており、前記排ガス洗浄装置を介して、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)から出る前記排ガスに含有されているアンモニアは、同様に前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)から出る前記排ガスに含有されている硫黄酸化物と共に、アンモニウム塩を形成しながら前記排ガスから洗い流し可能とされ、
バイパス(22)が設けられており、前記バイパスを介して、前記アンモニア及び/又は前記アンモニア前駆物質を前記排ガスに導入するのに役立つ前記装置(15)の上流であって、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流において、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)を介して案内可能である主排ガス流(12a)を形成しながら、部分排ガス流(12b)が前記排ガスから分岐可能であり、前記アンモニア及び/又は前記アンモニア前駆物質を前記排ガスに導入するのに役立つ前記装置(15,15a,15b)は前記バイパス(22)に配設されており、前記アンモニア及び/又は前記アンモニア前駆物質を前記部分排ガス流(12b)に導入し、前記部分排ガス流(12b)の第1の部分(12b2)は前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流において前記主排ガス流に供給可能であり、前記部分排ガス流(12b)の第2の部分(12b1)は前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の下流であって前記排ガス洗浄装置(16)の上流において、前記SCR触媒コンバータを介して案内された前記排ガス(14)に供給可能であることを特徴とする、排ガス後処理システム。 - 前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の上流に配置された前記装置(15,15a,15b)は、前記アンモニア及び/又は前記アンモニア前駆物質を、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)において変換可能なアンモニア量よりも多い量で前記排ガスに導入し、それにより前記SCR触媒コンバータの下流においてアンモニアは、前記排ガス洗浄装置(16)の排水のpH値が4と8の間になる量で含有されていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- 前記装置(15,15a,15b)は、前記アンモニア及び/又は前記アンモニア前駆物質を、前記排水の前記pH値が5と7の間になる量で前記排ガスに導入することを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- 前記バイパス(20,20a,22)にSCR触媒コンバータ(21)が設けられており、前記SCR触媒コンバータを介して、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)の下流であって前記排ガス洗浄装置(16)の上流において、前記排ガス(14)に供給される前記部分排ガス流(12b)又は前記部分排ガス流の部分(12b1)が案内可能であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- ターボチャージャのタービン(25,25b)が設けられており、前記アンモニア及び/又は前記アンモニア前駆物質を前記排ガスに導入するための前記装置(15,15a,15b)と、前記SCR触媒コンバータ(13)とは、前記ターボチャージャの前記タービン(25,25b)の上流に配置されており、前記排ガス洗浄装置(16)は前記ターボチャージャの前記タービン(25,25b)の下流に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- バイパス(20a)は同時にターボチャージャのウェイストゲートとして用いられることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス後処理システム。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の排ガス後処理システムを使用して、内燃機関、特に重油で作動される船舶用ディーゼル機関から出る排ガスの排ガス後処理を行うための方法であって、前記排ガスは脱窒を行うために、還元剤としてアンモニアを用いるSCR触媒コンバータを介して案内され、前記排ガスの流れ方向で見て前記SCR触媒コンバータの上流において、アンモニア及び/又は前記排ガスにおいてアンモニアに変換されるアンモニア前駆物質が、前記排ガスに導入される方法において、
前記排ガスは前記SCR触媒コンバータの下流において排ガス洗浄装置を介して案内され、前記排ガス洗浄装置を介して、前記SCR触媒コンバータから出る前記排ガスに含有されているアンモニアは、同様に前記SCR触媒コンバータから出る前記排ガスに含有されている硫黄酸化物と共に、アンモニウム塩を形成しながら前記排ガスから洗い流されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記SCR触媒コンバータの入口断面を介して、異なるアンモニア濃度が調整されることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記SCR触媒コンバータの下流における前記アンモニアの一様分布指数は0.8より小さいことを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記SCR触媒コンバータの下流における前記アンモニアの前記一様分布指数は0.7より小さいことを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の方法。
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