CN106460612A - 用于废气后处理的废气后处理系统和方法 - Google Patents
用于废气后处理的废气后处理系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106460612A CN106460612A CN201580027697.4A CN201580027697A CN106460612A CN 106460612 A CN106460612 A CN 106460612A CN 201580027697 A CN201580027697 A CN 201580027697A CN 106460612 A CN106460612 A CN 106460612A
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- ammonia
- waste gas
- catalytic converter
- scr catalytic
- exhaust
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 246
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 127
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;formate Chemical class [O-]C=O.NC([NH3+])=N JIKADBNXDMHWFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006902 nitrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机、尤其用于利用重燃料油供能的船用柴油内燃机的废气后处理系统,其包含SCR催化器(13),其使用氨作为用于使废气脱氮的还原剂,且具有如在废气的流动方向上来看位于SCR催化器(13)上游的装置(15,15a,15b),借助于该装置可将氨或在废气中被转换为氨的氨前体物质引入SCR催化器(13)上游的废气中。废气洗涤器(16)位于SCR催化器(13)的下游且任选地涡轮增压器的下游,借助于该洗涤器可将包含在离开SCR催化器(13)的废气中的余量氨连同同样包含在离开SCR催化器(13)中的废气中的氧化硫从废气从洗涤出,以形成铵盐且同时保持近似6的pH值。为了控制该废气后处理系统,可围绕SCR催化器(13)设置旁通部(20)作为废气门或包括附加的SCR催化器(21)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于内燃机、尤其是用于利用重质燃料油运行的船用柴油发动机的废气后处理系统。本发明此外还涉及一种根据权利要求8的前序部分的用于离开内燃机、尤其利用重质燃料油运行的船用柴油发动机的废气的废气后处理的方法。
在用重质燃料油运行的内燃机的情况中,存在的特殊性是,所使用的燃料、即重质燃料油具有高的硫含量。硫氧化物可与废气的其他组分反应,并导致沉淀物,其损害了废气排放控制的有效性。这是不利的。需要一种用于内燃机的废气后处理系统,该废气后处理系统使得即使是在利用重质燃料油运行的内燃机的情况下也可实现有效的废气排放控制。
背景技术
由文件DE 10 2004 027 593 A1已知一种带有废气涡轮增压和废气排放控制的内燃机。该废气涡轮增压作为带有一个废气涡轮增压器或者带有两个废气涡轮增压器的单级或两级的废气涡轮增压来实施。废气排放控制包括SCR催化转化器,其在单级废气涡轮增压的情况中在废气的流动方向上看位于废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机下游或废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机上游。在带有高压废气涡轮增压器和低压废气涡轮增压器的两级废气涡轮增压的情况中,SCR催化转化器位于高压废气涡轮增压器的高压涡轮机与低压废气涡轮增压器的低压涡轮机之间。
废气后处理系统的SCR催化转化器利用氨作为还原剂用于废气脱氮。在由现有技术已知的废气后处理系统的情况中,氨或直接地被引入SCR催化转化器上游的废气中,或者是一种氨前体物质,如含水尿素溶液,其在废气流中分解或蒸发以形成蒸汽、二氧化碳和氨。这里根据实践,引入到SCR催化转化器的上游中的废气的氨或氨前体物质的量被调节成使得该量对应在SCR催化转化器中可转化的氨量,从而使得在SCR催化转化器的下游的废气中不包含氨,以由此避免非期望的氨排放。
虽然借助于SCR催化转化器可减少在废气中的氮氧化物,尤其是一氧化氮和二氧化氮,但尤其对于用重质燃料油运行的内燃机来说,除了氮氧化物之外,需要减少废气中的硫氧化物,以便于减少这样的内燃机的硫氧化物排放。
发明内容
由此出发,本发明所基于的目的是创建一种新类型的用于内燃机的废气后处理系统,和一种用于废气后处理的方法。该目的通过一种根据权利要求1的用于内燃机的废气后处理系统来解决。根据本发明,废气洗涤器位于SCR催化转化器的下游,包含在离开SCR催化转化器的废气中的氨连同同样包含在离开SCR催化转化器的废气中的硫氧化物经由该废气洗涤器可经由该废气洗涤器在形成铵盐的情况下从使废气中洗涤出来。
就本发明而言,废气洗涤器相应地位于SCR催化转化器下游。这里,所限定量的氨包含在SCR催化转化器下游的废气中,该限定量的氨可与硫氧化物一起从废气洗涤器区域中的废气中洗涤出来、即在形成铵盐的情况下。相应地,本发明的目的是将增加量的氨或者增加量的氨前体物质引入SCR催化转化器上游的废气中,从而使得在SCR催化转化器下游的废气中包含限定的氨量,该限定的氨量可被利用在废气洗涤器中,以用于在形成铵盐的情况下将硫氧化物从废气中洗涤出来。如此以来,除了脱氮,还可给废气脱硫设置简单装置,其中,利用氨来用于脱硫和脱氮。这使得废气的脱氮和脱硫尤其有效,更是因为通过在SCR催化转化器中升高氨量,可在脱氮期间达到更高的转换率。
优选地,位于SCR催化转化器上游的设备将氨和/或者氨前体物质以大于在SCR催化转化器中可转化的氨量的量引入到废气中,从而使SCR催化转化器下游包含一定量的氨,从而使包含铵盐的废气洗涤器的废水的ph值介于4与8之间。以这种方式可实现废气的尤其有利的脱氮和脱硫。
根据第一个有利的进一步的改进方案,设置旁路,经由其可在形成可借助于SCR催化转化器引导的废气主流的情况下将废气部分流在用于将氨和/或氨前体物质引入废气中的设备的下游和SCR催化转化器的上游从废气中分出,且随后可被输送给能在SCR催化转化器下游和废气洗涤器上游引导被引导通过SCR催化转化器的废气。
根据本发明的第二个备选的有利的进一步的改进方案,设置旁路,经由其能在形成能被引导通过SCR催化转化器的废气主流的情况下将废气部分流在用于将氨和/或者氨前体物质引入到废气中的设备的上游和SCR催化转化器的上游从废气中分出,其中,用于将氨和/或氨前体物质引入到废气中的设备关联于该旁路并且将氨和/或氨前体物质引入到废气部分流中,以及其中,在SCR催化转化器的上游的废气部分流的第一部分能被输送给废气主流,而在SCR催化转化器的下游和废气洗涤器的上游的废气部分流的第二部分能被输送给被引导通过SCR催化转化器的废气。。
利用这两种有利的进一步的改进方案,可在一定程度上相互独立地调节或控制脱氮和脱硫。最终,废气的脱氮和脱硫可以由此被进一步改善。
优选的是,在上述本发明的第一个有利的进一步的改进方案中以及上述本发明的第二个有利的进一步的改进方案中,SCR催化转化器布置在旁路中,经由该旁路,可在SCR催化转化器下游和废气洗涤器上游引导被输送给废气的废气部分流或者废气部分流中的一部分。脱氮可由此被进一步改善或者在SCR催化转化器上的NOx转换率可独立于洗涤器的ph值来调节。
根据本发明的用于废气后处理的方法在权利要求8中被限定。
废气在SCR催化转化器下游经由废气洗涤器被引导,经由该废气洗涤器将包含在离开SCR催化转化器的废气中的氨连同同样包含在离开SCR催化转化器的废气中的硫氧化物一起,在形成铵盐的情况下从废气中洗涤出来。根据本发明的方法允许废气在利用氨的每种情况中的尤其有利的脱氮和脱硫。
根据有利的进一步的改进方案,经由SCR催化转化器进口横截面来调节不同的氨浓度,从而优选地使SCR催化转化器下游的氨的均分指数低于0.8。废气洗涤器中的脱硫以及SCR催化转化器中的脱氮可以由此被进一步改善。
附图说明
本发明优选的进一步的改进方案由从属权利要求和接下来的说明中获得。本发明的示例性实施方案借助于附图更详细地得以阐述且不受限于此。其中:
图1显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第一废气后处理系统的示意图;
图2显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第二废气后处理系统的示意图;
图3显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第三废气后处理系统的示意图;
图4显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第四废气后处理系统的示意图;
图5显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第五废气后处理系统的示意图;
图6显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第六废气后处理系统的示意图;
图7显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第七废气后处理系统的示意图;
图8显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的第八废气后处理系统的示意图;
图9显示了根据本发明的用于内燃机的另一废气后处理系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机、尤其是用于利用重质燃油运行的船用柴油发动机的废气后处理系统。此外,本发明涉及一种用在这样的内燃机上的废气后处理的方法。
图1以高度示意性的方式显示了一种带有多个汽缸11的内燃机10,其中,离开内燃机10的废气12被引导通过位于包括SCR催化转化器13的内燃机10下游的废气后处理系统。相应地,离开内燃机10的废气12作为未经处理的废气12被输送给SCR催化转化器13并作为经至少部分处理的废气14离开SCR催化转化器13。在SCR催化转化器13中,需要还原剂来用于废气排放控制,即用于废气12的脱氮,其中,利用氨作为还原剂。也可以采用NH3前体物质尿素、脲、胍-甲酸盐。
在SCR催化转化器13中用于废气排放控制所需的的氨可借助于设备15,即直接作为氨或作为之后在废气中被转化为氨的氨前体物质,以计量的量添加入SCR催化转化器13上游的未处理的废气12中。
尤其当将氨加入至离开内燃机10的废气12时,设备15是氨发生器。
尤其当将氨前体物质以计量的量添加入废气12时,设备15优选地是喷嘴,借助于其将尤其地尿素作为氨前体物质被注入到废气12中。然后尿素在SCR催化转化器13上游的废气12中蒸发以形成蒸汽、二氧化碳和氨。
在SCR催化转化器13中,离开内燃机10的废气12在使用氨的情况下被脱氮,从而相应地,在SCR催化转化器13下游的废气14中,氮氧化物被从废气中除掉。
根据本发明,废气洗涤器16位于SCR催化转化器13下游。借助于废气洗涤器16可将包含在离开SCR催化转化器13的废气14中的氨连同同样包含在离开SCR催化转化器13的废气14中的硫氧化物一起在形成铵盐的情况下从废气中洗涤出来。相应地,经受脱氮还有脱硫两者且相应地从中除掉了硫氧化物和氮氧化物的废气17存在于废气洗涤器16的下游。
相应地,离开SCR催化转化器13的废气14以及另一方面作为所谓的洗涤剂18、优选地水被输送给废气洗涤器16,其中,一方面经脱硫的废气17且另一方面富集铵盐的废水19离开废气洗涤器。
因此,本发明的兴趣是以这样的方式利用位于SCR催化转化器13上游的设备15,经由该设备将氨和/或氨前体物质以大于在SCR催化转化器13中能被转化的氨量的量引入废气中。相应地,在SCR催化转化器13下游,氨以一定的量存在于废气14中,该量的氨在废气洗涤器16中可被用于在形成铵盐的情况下将硫氧化物从废气14中洗涤出来,以用于使废气14脱硫。
这里,位于SCR催化转化器13上游的设备15将一定量的氨和/或者氨前体物质引入到废气12中,从而在SCR催化转化器13下游,氨以一定量包含在废气14中,使得废气洗涤器16的废水19的ph值介于4与8之间,优选的是在5与7之间,尤其优选的是在5.5与6.5之间。这可以经由调节回路来建立,其中测量了废水19的ph值,与给定值做比较,且与此相关的在匹配从设备15被引入废气中的该量的氨和/或者氨前体物质的情况下,将设备15起动成,使得测得的ph值近似于其设定点值。
尤其针对利用重质燃料油运行的船用柴油发动机而言,利用本发明可使废气的有效的脱硫和脱氮成为可能,其中,为了脱氮还有脱硫两者,将氨在每种情况中用作运行物质。通过可用于在SCR催化转化器13的区域中的脱氮的增加量的氨,在SCR催化转化器13的区域中废气的尤其有效的脱氮是可能的。在SCR催化转化器13下游包含在废气14中的氨在废气洗涤器16的区域中被用于废气的脱硫。
图2显示了图1的示例性实施方案的进一步的改进方案,其中,图2的示例性实施方案与图1的示例性实施方案仅区别于图2的废气后处理系统包括旁路20。借助于旁路20,可在SCR催化转化器13上游和用于将氨和/或者氨前体物质引入废气12中的设备15下游,将废气在形成废气主流12a和废气部分流12b的情况下从废气12分出,其中,废气主流12a被引导通过SCR催化转化器14,以及其中,废气部分流12b经由旁路20被引导经过SCR催化转化器13。
在SCR催化转化器13下游,被引导经过该SCR催化转化器13的废气部分流12b可与离开SCR催化转化器13的废气流14汇合,以便于之后经由废气洗涤器16被共同引导。SCR催化转化器13中的脱氮和废气洗涤器14中的脱硫可由此在一定程度上相互独立地被调节或者控制。
图3显示了图2的示例性实施方案的进一步改进方案,在其中在旁路20中放置有另一SCR催化转化器21,以用于也引导废气洗涤器16上游的废气部分流12b通过其自身的SCR催化转化器21来脱氮。这可以进一步改善废气的脱氮。
通过图4显示了本发明的进一步的变体方案,其中,在图4的示例性实施方案中,废气后处理系统也包括旁路22。在图4的示例性实施方案中,废气12可经由旁路22而再次被分成废气主流12a和废气部分流12b,其中,废气主流12a被强制引导通过SCR催化转化器13。
然而与图2和3的示例性实施方案相比,在图4的示例性实施方案中设置成,用于将氨和/或者氨前体物质引入到废气中的设备15被关联于旁路22,从而相应地,旁路22将设备15上游的废气分成废气主流12a和废气部分流12b。设备15将氨和/或者氨前体物质引入到废气部分流12b中,其中,设备15下游的废气部分流12b被分成12b1和12b2两部分。
废气部分流12b的12b1部分被引导经过SCR催化转化器13,且在SCR催化转化器13下游以及废气洗涤器16上游与离开SCR催化转化器13的废气14混合。
废气部分流12b的12b2部分,在SCR催化转化器13上游与废气主流12a混合,并且与废气主流12a一同被引导通过SCR催化转化器13。
图5显示了图4的示例性实施方案的进一步的改进方案,在其中与图3的示例性实施方案一致,另一SCR催化转化器21被引向旁路22,在图5的示例性实施方案中,废气部分流12b的12b1部分被引导通过该SCR催化转化器21。
图6显示了图5的示例性实施方案的进一步的改进方案,在其中水解催化转化器23关联于设备15下游的旁路22,该设备15在图6的示例性实施方案中被用于将计量的量的氨前体物质添加至废气部分流12b。借助于水解催化转化器23,可改善或者提升在废气部分流12b中氨前体物质到氨的转化。废气部分流12b被分为12b1和12b2两部分发生在水解催化转化器23下游。
图7和8显示了本发明的两个示例性实施方案,在其中使用了图1的变体方案连同废气增压内燃机。因此,图7通过单个废气涡轮增压器24显示了其带有单级废气增压设备的内燃机10,其中,显示了废气涡轮增压器24的涡轮机25和压缩机26。在图7中,SCR催化转化器13包括用于将氨和/或者氨前体物质以计量的量添加至废气12的设备15,其布置在废气涡轮增压器24的涡轮机25上游,而废气洗涤器16位于废气涡轮增压器24的涡轮机25下游。由于涡轮机25上游的高压和高温,提升了在SCR催化转化器13的区域中的废气的脱氮。在经脱氮的废气14膨胀期间,在涡轮机25中所提取的能量被用于在废气涡轮增压器24的压缩机26的区域中将待输送给内燃机10的增压空气27压缩。
图8显示了内燃机10的一种变体方案,其带有两级废气增压设备,其相应地包括两个废气涡轮增压器24a,24b。废气涡轮增压器24a是高压废气涡轮增压器,而废气涡轮增压器24b是低压废气涡轮增压器。在图8中,SCR催化转化器13和用于将氨或者氨前体物质引入到废气12中的设备15布置在高压涡轮增压器24a的高压涡轮机25a下游和低压涡轮增压器24b的低压涡轮机25b上游,而废气洗涤器16布置在低压涡轮增压器24b的低压涡轮机25b下游。在废气在涡轮机24a,25b的区域中膨胀期间,在废气涡轮增压器24a,24b中所提取的能量被用于将待输送给内燃机10的增压空气27以两阶(即在低压压缩机26b的区域中和低压废气涡轮增压器24b与高压涡轮增压器24a的高压压缩机26a的区域中)压缩。
在这里应指出,图2至图6的变体方案也可分别与以单级或者两级增压的内燃机10结合利用。然后,对应图7和8的示例性实施方案,SCR催化转化器13和如果适用的21包括旁路20,22相应地位于废气涡轮增压器24和24b的相应地涡轮机25和25b上游,而废气洗涤器16位于相应的废气涡轮增压器24和24b的相应的涡轮机25,25b下游。
在图1至图8的示例性实施方案中,氨或者氨前体物质以这样的方式经由设备15被引入到废气中,即经由该或各个SCR催化转化器13或21的进口横截面调节均匀的氨浓度。
与此相比,图9显示了图1的示例性实施方案的进一步的改进方案,在其中经由SCR催化转化器13的进口横截面调节不同的氨浓度。因此,在图9中显示的两个设备15a,15b在每种情况中被用于将氨或者氨前体物质在SCR催化转化器13上游引入离开内燃机10的废气12中,也就是说以这样的方式,即经由SCR催化转化器的进口横截面调节不同的氨浓度。这例如可由此来确保,即两个设备15a,15b将带有不同质量流的氨或者氨前体物质如图9所示直接在SCR催化转化器13的进口区域中引入废气12中。这里,不同的氨浓度经由SCR催化转化器13的进口横截面的调节优选以这样的方式来实现,即在SCR催化转化器13下游在离开该SCR催化转化器13的废气14中和相应地在废气洗涤器16上游,氨的均分指数低于0.8,优选地低于0.7,尤其优选地低于0.6。
SCR催化转化器上游的氨的均分指数可以根据以下公式确定:
其中,氨的均分指数是在SCR催化转化器13下游,其中,ci是在SCR催化转化器13上游的第i个测量点处的氨浓度,以及其中,n是SCR催化转化器13下游的测量点的总计数。
因此,本发明的兴趣是,为了内燃机10、尤其是利用重质燃料油运行的内燃机的废气排放控制,在每种情况中利用氨来用于脱氮和脱硫,其中,脱氮发生在SCR催化转化器13中,而脱硫发生在其下游的废气洗涤器16中。这里,SCR催化转化器13利用过量氨来运行,从而使得SCR催化转化器13下游以及废气洗涤器16上游出现可被利用于废气洗涤器16中的脱硫的限定的氨量。
附图标记清单:
10 内燃机
11 汽缸
12 废气
12a 废气主流
12b 废气部分流
12b1 废气部分流的第一部分
12b2 废气部分流的第二部分
13 SCR催化转化器
14 废气
15 设备
15a 设备
15b 设备
16b 废气洗涤器
17 废气
18 水
19 废水
20,20a 旁路
21 SCR催化转化器
22 旁路
23 水解催化转化器
24 废气涡轮增压器
24a 高压废气涡轮增压器
24b 低压废气涡轮增压器
25 涡轮机
25a 高压涡轮机
25b 低压涡轮机
26 压缩机
26a 高压压缩机
26b 低压压缩机
27 增压空气。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于内燃机,尤其用于利用重质燃料油运行的船用柴油发动机的废气后处理系统,带有用于利用氨作为还原剂使废气脱氮的SCR催化转化器(13),以及带有在所述废气的流动方向上看位于所述SCR催化转化器(13)上游的设备(15,15a,15b),经由其,能将氨和/或在所述废气中被转化以形成氨的氨前体物质引入到所述SCR催化转化器(13)上游的废气中,其特征在于:在所述SCR催化转化器(13)下游安置有废气洗涤器(16),经由其能将包含在离开所述SCR催化转化器(13)的废气中的氨,连同同样包含在离开所述SCR催化转化器(13)的所述废气中的硫氧化物一起在形成铵盐的情况下从所述废气中洗涤出来。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于:位于所述SCR催化转化器(13)上游的所述设备(15,15a,15b),将所述氨和/或者氨前体物质,以大于在所述SCR催化转化器(13)中能转化的氨量的量引入所述废气中,从而使得在所述SCR催化转化器下游包含一定量的氨,从而使所述废气洗涤器(16)的废水的ph值介于4与8之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于:所述设备(15,15a,15b)将所述氨和/或者氨前体物质以一定的量引入所述废气中,从而使所述废水的ph值介于5与7之间,优选地在5.5与6.5之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于旁路(20,20a),经由其能在形成能被引导通过所述SCR催化转化器(13)的废气主流(12a)的情况下将废气部分流(12b)在用于将所述氨和/或氨前体物质引入所述废气中的所述设备(15,15a,16)的下游和所述SCR催化转化器(13)的上游从所述废气中分出且最后能被输送给能在所述SCR催化转化器(13)下游和所述废气洗涤器(16)上游被引导通过所述SCR催化转化器的废气(14)。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于旁路(22),经由其能在形成能被引导通过所述SCR催化转化器(13)的废气主流(12a)的情况下将废气部分流(12b)在用于将所述氨和/或者氨前体物质引入到所述废气中的所述设备(15)的上游和所述SCR催化转化器(13)的上游从所述废气中分出,其中,用于将所述氨和/或氨前体物质引入到所述废气中的所述设备(15,15a,15b)关联于所述旁路(22)并且将所述氨和/或氨前体物质引入到所述废气部分流(12b)中,以及其中,在所述SCR催化转化器(13)的上游的所述废气部分流(12b)的第一部分(12b2)能被输送给所述废气主流,而在所述SCR催化转化器(13)的下游和所述废气洗涤器(16)的上游的所述废气部分流(12b)的第二部分(12b1)能被输送给被引导通过所述SCR催化转化器的所述废气(14)。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于:在所述旁路(20,20a,22)中布置有SCR催化转化器(21),经由其能引导在所述SCR催化转化器(13)的下游和所述废气洗涤器(16)的上游被输送给废气(14)的所述废气部分流(12b)或者所述废气部分流(12b)的一部分(12b1)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机(25,25b),其中,所述用于将所述氨和/或者氨前体物质引入所述废气中的设备(15,15a,15b)且优选地还有所述SCR催化转化器(13)位于所述废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机(25,25b)的上游,而所述废气洗涤器(16)位于所述废气涡轮增压器的涡轮机(25,25b)下游。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的废气后处理系统,其特征在于:所述旁路(20a)同时用作涡轮增压器废气门。
9.一种用于离开内燃机、尤其利用重质燃料油运行的船用柴油发动机的废气的废气后处理的方法,其中,为了脱氮,所述废气被引导通过利用氨作为还原剂的SCR催化转化器,且其中,在所述废气流动方向上看,在所述SCR催化转化器上游将氨和/或者在所述废气中被转化以形成氨的氨前体物质引入到所述废气中,其特征在于:在所述SCR催化转化器下游的所述废气被引导通过废气洗涤器,经由该废气洗涤器,包含在离开所述SCR催化转化器的所述废气中的氨连同同样包含在离开所述SCR催化转化器的所述废气中的硫氧化物一起,在形成铵盐的情况下从所述废气中洗涤出来。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:所述方法使用根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的设备来进行。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征在于:经由所述SCR催化转化器的进口横截面来调节不同的氨浓度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于:所述SCR催化转化器上游的氨的均分指数低于0.8。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于:所述SCR催化转化器下游的氨的均分指数低于0.7,优选地低于0.6。
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US10221740B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
WO2015180831A1 (de) | 2015-12-03 |
JP2017506716A (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
KR101822777B1 (ko) | 2018-03-08 |
US20170268399A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
DE102014007913A1 (de) | 2015-12-03 |
EP3149298A1 (de) | 2017-04-05 |
EP3149298B1 (de) | 2018-07-04 |
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