JP6240083B2 - 樹状細胞癌ワクチンのための小分子エンハンサー - Google Patents
樹状細胞癌ワクチンのための小分子エンハンサー Download PDFInfo
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- JP6240083B2 JP6240083B2 JP2014543501A JP2014543501A JP6240083B2 JP 6240083 B2 JP6240083 B2 JP 6240083B2 JP 2014543501 A JP2014543501 A JP 2014543501A JP 2014543501 A JP2014543501 A JP 2014543501A JP 6240083 B2 JP6240083 B2 JP 6240083B2
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- 208000006105 Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- BZTBBVKEKPNNBE-YFKPBYRVSA-N [(2r)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]boronic acid Chemical compound NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1B(O)O BZTBBVKEKPNNBE-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005620 boronic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NPDBDJFLKKQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylglycine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(N)C(O)=O NPDBDJFLKKQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
XはB(Y1)(Y2)またはCNであり;
Y1およびY2は、独立して、OHであるか、もしくはそれらが結合するホウ素原子と一緒に、ボロン酸に加水分解できる基を表し、またはそれらが結合するホウ素原子と一緒に、ボロン酸に加水分解できる5員から8員の環を形成し;
R1は、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、低級アルケニル、低級アルキニル、カルボニル、カルボキシル、エステル、ホルメート、ケトン、チオカルボニル、チオエステル、チオアセテート、チオホルメート、アミノ、アシルアミノ、アミド、ニトロ、スルフェート、スルホネート、スルホンアミド、−(CH2)m−R7、−(CH2)m−OH、−(CH2)m−O−低級アルキル、−(CH2)m−O−低級アルケニル、−(CH2)n−O−(CH2)m−R7、−(CH2)m−SH、−(CH2)m−S−低級アルキル、−(CH2)m−S−低級アルケニル、−(CH2)n−S−(CH2)m−R7、アジド、シアノ、イソシアナート、チオシアナート、イソチオシアナート、シアナート、
R7は、置換または未置換アリール、アラルキル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、またはヘテロ環を表し;
R8は、独立して、ハロゲン、−CH3、または−(CH2)n−CH3を表し;
mは、0、1、2、3、4、5、または6であり;
R2は、n−プロピル、C4〜C8アルキル、C2〜C8アルケニル、C2〜C8アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C2〜C7ヘテロシクリル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアラルキル、および天然に存在する疎水性アミノ酸の側鎖からなる群より選択される疎水性基であり;
nは、0、1、または2であり;
qは、0、1、2、3、または4である、
上述した方法のいずれか1つに関する。
XはB(Y1)(Y2)またはCNであり;
Y1およびY2は、独立して、OHであるか、もしくはそれらが結合するホウ素原子と一緒に、ボロン酸に加水分解できる基を表し、またはそれらが結合するホウ素原子と一緒に、ボロン酸に加水分解できる5員から8員の環を形成し;
R1は、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、低級アルケニル、低級アルキニル、カルボニル、カルボキシル、エステル、ホルメート、ケトン、チオカルボニル、チオエステル、チオアセテート、チオホルメート、アミノ、アシルアミノ、アミド、ニトロ、スルフェート、スルホネート、スルホンアミド、−(CH2)m−R7、−(CH2)m−OH、−(CH2)m−O−低級アルキル、−(CH2)m−O−低級アルケニル、−(CH2)n−O−(CH2)m−R7、−(CH2)m−SH、−(CH2)m−S−低級アルキル、−(CH2)m−S−低級アルケニル、−(CH2)n−S−(CH2)m−R7、アジド、シアノ、イソシアナート、チオシアナート、イソチオシアナート、シアナート、
R7は、置換または未置換アリール、アラルキル、シクロアルキル、シクロアルケニル、またはヘテロ環を表し;
R8は、独立して、ハロゲン、−CH3、または−(CH2)n−CH3を表し;
mは、0、1、2、3、4、5、または6であり;
R2は、n−プロピル、C4〜C8アルキル、C2〜C8アルケニル、C2〜C8アルキニル、C3〜C8シクロアルキル、C2〜C7ヘテロシクリル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアラルキル、および天然に存在する疎水性アミノ酸の側鎖からなる群より選択される疎水性基であり;
nは、0、1、または2であり;
qは、0、1、2、3、または4である、
上述した方法のいずれか1つに関する。
論理的説明、化合物の合成、およびRMS腫瘍増殖の阻害
ARI−4175の合成 HATUを使用して、市販のL−boroPro−pn2をN−Boc保護非天然アミノ酸Boc−Tle−OH3(CAS No.62965−35−9)にカップリングさせて、保護されたジペプチドボロン酸塩Boc−Tle−boroPro−pnを生成した。両方の保護基をトリクロロボラン(BCl3)により同時に除去し、その後、逆相HPLC精製によって、HCl塩として所望の生成物1(ARI−4175)を生成した。
RMS DC腫瘍ワクチンモデルにおけるARI−4175の有効性
図17のAは、T細胞供与体およびT細胞受容体の初回刺激のための実験設定を示している。図17のBは、腫瘍体積曲線(平均±標準偏差)および生存率曲線を示している。ARI−4175のみを受けたマウスは、生理食塩水と比べて、著しく小さい腫瘍を有した(n=10、p=0.0019)。ARI−4175+刺激したT細胞受容体は小さい腫瘍を有したが、ARI−4175+ナイーブT細胞受容体と比べると、差は有意ではなかった(n=10、p=0.0755)。10匹のARI−4175+刺激したT細胞受容体の内の8匹は80日目まで生存したが、これは、ARI−4175+ナイーブT細胞受容体の40%の生存率と比べて、有意ではなかった(n=10、p=0.0658)。
IL−1βの誘導、並びにAla−boroPro(2243)、
Val−boroPro(PT−100、2054)、および
t−BuGly−boroPro(ARI−4175)による腫瘍および
所属リンパ節におけるサイトカインおよびケモカインの発現の上方制御
BALB/cマウスにおけるサイトカインアッセイのための方法 雌のBALB/cマウスを、経口強制飼養(PO)および腹腔内(IP)注射により、様々な用量のPT−100またはARI−4175で治療し、血清をケモカインについて分析した(図4、5、および6)。投与後の様々な時点で心穿刺により血液を採取し、ELISAによる分析のために血清を調製した。マウスサイトカインG−CSFおよびマウスCXCL1について、R&D Systems社からのELISAキット(それぞれ、カタログ番号MCS00およびMKC00B)を使用して、これらのサンプルを分析した。全ての測定は二重に行った。アッセイの範囲内の値を得るために、血清サンプルを必要に応じて希釈した。要求される最適な希釈は、検査薬に応じて様々であり、対照サンプルまたは活性を有さない試験薬についての無希釈から、活性の非常に高いサンプルについての1:1000の希釈までに及び得る。肯定応答を生じる試験薬について、最強のシグナルが、CXCL1については、投与後2時間で、G−CSFについては、投与後6時間で観察された。用量反応は、試験薬により異なるが、20μg/マウスの用量が、反応評価のための許容できる基準用量である。典型的に、各時点で各試験薬について、6匹の動物を測定する。
腫瘍退縮および拒絶が生じる、ワクチン接種したマウスの
腫瘍再接種による免疫記憶
癌の効果的なワクチンには、初期治療に対する臨床反応後に播種性転移または腫瘍再増殖を防ぐことができる免疫記憶を確立するという利点があるであろう。実施例1におけるRMS DCワクチン接種とそれに続くARI−4175またはPT−100治療の後に、筋肉内RMS腫瘍が拒絶されるマウスに、原発性腫瘍の拒絶から少なくとも20〜30日後に10×106のRMS細胞の筋肉内注射によって、再接種を行った。マウスを、どのような追加の治療処置もせずに、さらに20〜30日間に亘り、二次性腫瘍についてモニタした。保護の免疫学的特異性を明らかにするために、マウスにC57BL/6腫瘍細胞株のEL4(ATCC、TIB−39)も接種する。4匹のマウスの群を免疫記憶について試験した。PT−100治療後の腫瘍特異的記憶を明らかにする同様の実験を記載する。
RMS DCワクチン接種マウスにおける腫瘍特異的CTLの分析
実施例1に記載された、RMS DCワクチンおよびARI−4175またはPT−100治療を受けたRMS腫瘍を持つマウスの腫瘍所属リンパ節および脾臓において、CTLを51Cr−放出試験によって、生体外で分析する。この試験は、EL4腫瘍接種C57BL/6マウスにおいてPT−100により促進された腫瘍特異的CTL反応の測定について先に記載したように行われる。CTLの特異性は、RMS対EL4細胞に対する細胞毒性を比較することによって調査される。
C57BL/6マウスにおけるARI−4175およびPT−100のMTD
以前、MTD(〜2mg/kg/日)を超えた用量でPT−100が投与されたC57BL/6マウスにおいて、死亡する前に、明白な毒性の兆候は観察されなかった;したがって、MTDを決定するための端点は、この実験において死亡率であった。毒性の原因を見抜くために、組織病理を調査して、血漿サイトカインおよびケモカインのレベルの用量反応を決定した。サイトカイン/ケモカイン試験を使用して、毒性が、PT−100の推定作用機構に関連付けられるか否かを決定した。予備実験は、サイトカイン/ケモカインの阻害は、IL−1R拮抗薬であるアナキンラと反応し、ラットにおけるPT−100の毒性を変えず、PT−100の毒性は、系統サイトカイン/ケモカイン産生によるものではないであろうことを示した。
高まる用量のARI−4175およびPT−100を受ける
マウスにおける組織病理の調査
3匹のマウスの群に、RMS細胞を筋肉内接種し、実施例1において決定したMEDから、実施例6において決定したMTDまで増加する用量で強制飼養によって、PT−100およびARI−4175を投与した。腫瘍の接種後の10日目から14日目に、各化合物の1回の5日周期を与え、18日目に、腫瘍、所属リンパ節、脾臓、肝臓、肺および腎臓の組織の検体をホルマリン中で固定し、パラフィン中に包埋した。試験マウスからのH&E染色組織切片を、対照マウスの切片と組織学的に比較する。PT−100は、固形腫瘍の白血球浸潤を促進することが示された。腫瘍浸潤は、腫瘍と間質組織の境界で濃縮された好中球により特徴付けられる。ARI−4175治療マウスからの腫瘍切片を、PT−100治療マウスからの切片と比較することにより、ARI−4175も腫瘍浸潤を促進させるか否かが決定される。PT−100の毒性が、非腫瘍組織の白血球浸潤から生じ、臓器不全を生じる炎症反応がもたらされる可能性がある。したがって、PT−100およびARI−4175により治療したマウスにおける白血球の存在について、非腫瘍組織サンプルを調査する。
IL−1受容体欠損マウスを使用した毒性における
全身的なサイトカインの役割の調査
PT−100に対するサイトカイン/ケモカインの反応が、IL−1R1欠損B6.129S7−Il1r1tmlImx/Jマウス(Jackson Laboratory)において抑止されている;したがって、毒性が全身のサイトカイン/ケモカインの活性のためである場合、MTDは、類似遺伝子型C57BL/6マウスに対してIL−R1突然変異マウスにおいて、著しく増加しているはずである。したがって、血清G−CSFおよびCXCL1サイトカインの用量反応がELISA(S&D Systems社)により比較され、B6.129S7−Il1r1tmlImx/Jマウス対C57BL/6マウスにおいて、ARI−4175およびPT−100のMTDが比較される。MTDは、増加する用量レベルで治療された3匹のマウスの群において決定される。G−CSFおよびCXCL−1のレベルは、化合物の投与から3時間後と8時間後でサンプリングされた血清中で決定される。IL−1R1欠損マウスが毒性に耐性がある場合、および実施例6における病理組織学が非腫瘍組織の白血球浸潤を明らかにする場合、IL−1R1欠損マウスおよび十分マウスが病理組織的に比較されて、毒性が臓器機能の炎症性破壊に関連つけられるか否かが決定される。
KRAS突然変異結腸直腸癌細胞株におけるARI−4175の見込みがある
抗腫瘍作用および免疫作用;ARI−4175のセツキシマブとの併用投与
セツキシマブ(CTX)は、多数の悪性腫瘍における効果的な治療薬である。現行のデータは、突然変異K−rasを有する結腸直腸癌患者の約40%がこの薬から恩恵を受けないことを示している。セツキシマブの抗腫瘍効果の可能な機構は、抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)を通じて媒介される。この研究では、単剤として、またはセツキシマブとの併用で、K−ras突然変異結腸直腸癌異種移植片の治療において、ARI−4175の活性の可能性を調査した。
PT−100およびARI−4175の薬物動態プロファイルの比較;
2つの化合物の間の他の違い
図16に示されるように、雌のC57BL/6マウスに1×106のMB49を皮下で投与した。マウスに3〜7および10〜14日目に経口強制飼養した。腫瘍体積をキャリパー測定によりモニタした。20μgの用量で、PT−100およびARI−4175の両方とも抗腫瘍活性を誘導した。200μgでのARI−4175の投与で、5匹のマウスの内の5匹において完全な退縮を誘導したのに対し、PT−100は同じ用量で毒性であった。
ここに挙げられた米国特許および米国特許出願公開の全ては、引用によりここに含まれる。
当業者には、ただの日常的な実験を使用して、ここに記載された本発明の特定の実施の形態に対する多くの同等物を認識する、または解明できるであろう。そのような同等物は、以下の特許請求の範囲により包含されることが意図されている。
Claims (15)
- 前記DASH阻害剤が、癌ワクチン療法の一部として投与される、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記癌ワクチン療法が樹状細胞ワクチン療法である、請求項2記載の組成物。
- 前記DASH阻害剤が、抗体治療の抗体依存性細胞傷害を増強する、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体治療が、トラスツズマブ、セツキシマブ、ベバシズマブ、およびリツキシマブからなる群より選択される、請求項4記載の組成物。
- 前記DASH阻害剤が、1つ以上の化学療法剤と共に投与される、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記1つ以上の化学療法剤が、イピリムマブ、ベムラフェニブ、GDC−0879、PLX−4720、アルデスロイキン、アスパラギナーゼ、ブレオマイシン硫酸塩、カルボプラチン、クロランブシル、シスプラチン、クラドリビン、シクロホスファミド、シタラビン、ダカルバジン、ダクチノマイシン、ダウノルビシン塩酸塩、ドセタキセル、ドキソルビシン、ドキソルビシン塩酸塩、エピルビシン塩酸塩、エトポシド、エトポシドリン酸塩、フロクスウリジン、フルダラビン、フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン、ゲムシタビン塩酸塩、ヒドロキシ尿素、イダルビシン塩酸塩、イホスファミド、インターフェロン、インターフェロン−α2a、インターフェロン−α2b、インターフェロン−αn3、インターフェロン−α1b、インターロイキン、イリノテカン、メクロレタミン塩酸塩、メルファラン、メルカプトプリン、メトトレキサート、メトトレキサートナトリウム、マイトマイシン、ミトキサントロン、パクリタキセル、ペグアスパラガーゼ、ペントスタチン、プレドニゾン、ポルフィマーナトリウム、プロカルバジン塩酸塩、タキソール、タキソテレ、テニポシド、トポテカン塩酸塩、ビンブラスチン硫酸塩、ビンクリスチン硫酸塩、およびビノレルビン酒石酸塩からなる群より選択される、請求項6記載の組成物。
- 前記DASH阻害剤が、癌、肉腫、白血病、リンパ腫および骨髄腫からなる群より選択される腫瘍に対するT細胞免疫を増強する、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記DASH阻害剤が、肺腫瘍、リンパ腫、乳房の腫瘍、結腸直腸腫瘍、甲状腺腫瘍、子宮腫瘍、膵臓腫瘍、前立腺腫瘍、皮膚腫瘍、腎臓腫瘍、肝臓腫瘍および脳腫瘍からなる群より選択される腫瘍に対するT細胞免疫を増強する、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記DASH阻害剤が、腫瘍細胞の再攻撃に対して免疫記憶を誘導する、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記患者がヒトである、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記DASH阻害剤が経口投与される、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記患者がヒトである、請求項13記載の組成物。
- 前記DASH阻害剤が経口投与される、請求項13記載の組成物。
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