JP6213402B2 - 焼結体の製造方法 - Google Patents
焼結体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910020598 Co Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002519 Co-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/048—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by pulverising a quenched ribbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
図1は本発明の焼結体の製造方法の第1のステップを説明した模式図である。
図2(a)〜図2(c)はこの順に、焼結体の製造方法の実施の形態1にかかる第2のステップおよび第3のステップを示した模式図である。
成形型10は、下型1と、下型1の上方にあって下型1とともにキャビティを形成する側方型2と、側方型2の上方にあってキャビティCVに出入り自在な上型5と、から構成されている。
図3(a)〜図3(c)はこの順に、焼結体の製造方法の実施の形態2にかかる第2のステップおよび第3のステップを示した模式図である。
図1、図2による製造方法、もしくは図1、図3による製造方法にて製造された焼結体Sのミクロ構造を図4に示す。
本発明者等は、予備加熱を経て本加熱を実施する製造方法(実施例)と、予備加熱無しで本加熱を実施する製造方法(比較例)のそれぞれの場合における、本加熱時間と磁性粉末の温度の関係を特定する実験をおこなった。ここで、使用する磁性粉末の粗大結晶粒発生温度は700℃であり、緻密化温度は650℃である。比較例の実験結果を図6に、実施例の実験結果を図7にそれぞれ示す。ここで、「粗大結晶粒」とは、400nm以上の結晶粒のことである。
また、比較例に比して、実施例では成形時間を大幅に短縮できることが実証されている。
本発明者等はさらに、焼結体を構成する磁性粉末温度と相対密度の関係、および磁性粉末加熱時間と粗大結晶粒率の関係を特定する実験をおこなった。図8は、実験における、加圧成形前の磁性粉末の集合体と加圧成形後の焼結体の寸法を示した模式図である。
Claims (2)
- 希土類磁石用の磁性粉末を熱間で加圧成形して希土類磁石前駆体である焼結体を製造する焼結体の製造方法であって、
液体急冷にて微細な結晶粒の前記磁性粉末を製作する第1のステップ、
予備加熱部と本加熱部を備えた成形型に前記磁性粉末の集合体を収容し、予備加熱部にて磁性粉末の集合体を粗大結晶粒発生温度未満の第一の温度T0雰囲気下に置いて予備加熱をおこない、予備加熱後の磁性粉末の集合体を製作する第2のステップ、
前記予備加熱後の磁性粉末の集合体を粗大結晶粒発生温度未満であって前記第一の温度T0よりも高い第二の温度T1の雰囲気下に置いて本加熱をおこない、磁性粉末の温度を緻密化温度以上としながら加圧成形して焼結体を製造する第3のステップからなり、
前記成形型は、下型と、該下型の上方にあって該下型とともにキャビティを形成する側方型と、該側方型の上方にあってキャビティに出入り自在な上型と、から構成され、
前記成形型を構成する前記予備加熱部は、前記側方型の上方でかつ前記上型の外周にあって高周波加熱を実行するものであり、
前記成形型を構成する前記本加熱部は、前記側方型に含まれており、
前記予備加熱部にて前記磁性粉末の集合体が予備加熱された後、前記予備加熱後の磁性粉末の集合体が前記キャビティに収容され、前記本加熱部で本加熱されながら加圧成形される焼結体の製造方法。 - 希土類磁石用の磁性粉末を熱間で加圧成形して希土類磁石前駆体である焼結体を製造する焼結体の製造方法であって、
液体急冷にて微細な結晶粒の前記磁性粉末を製作する第1のステップ、
予備加熱部と本加熱部を備えた成形型に前記磁性粉末の集合体を収容し、予備加熱部にて磁性粉末の集合体を粗大結晶粒発生温度未満の第一の温度T0雰囲気下に置いて予備加熱をおこない、予備加熱後の磁性粉末の集合体を製作する第2のステップ、
前記予備加熱後の磁性粉末の集合体を粗大結晶粒発生温度未満であって前記第一の温度T0よりも高い第二の温度T1の雰囲気下に置いて本加熱をおこない、磁性粉末の温度を緻密化温度以上としながら加圧成形して焼結体を製造する第3のステップからなり、
前記成形型は、下型と、該下型の上方にあって該下型とともにキャビティを形成する側方型と、該側方型の上方にあってキャビティに出入り自在な上型と、から構成され、
前記側方型の下方領域と上方領域の一方が前記予備加熱部であり、他方が前記本加熱部であって、
前記キャビティのうち、前記予備加熱部に対応する予備加熱キャビティ空間に前記磁性粉末の集合体が収容されて予備加熱された後、前記予備加熱後の磁性粉末の集合体を前記本加熱部に対応する本加熱キャビティ空間に移動させ、前記本加熱部で本加熱されながら加圧成形される焼結体の製造方法。
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JP2014140235A JP6213402B2 (ja) | 2014-07-08 | 2014-07-08 | 焼結体の製造方法 |
CN201510390928.XA CN105312574B (zh) | 2014-07-08 | 2015-07-06 | 烧结压实体的制造方法 |
US14/793,091 US10058919B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2015-07-07 | Manufacturing method for sintered compact |
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JP2014140235A JP6213402B2 (ja) | 2014-07-08 | 2014-07-08 | 焼結体の製造方法 |
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JP2016018875A JP2016018875A (ja) | 2016-02-01 |
JP6213402B2 true JP6213402B2 (ja) | 2017-10-18 |
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JP (1) | JP6213402B2 (ja) |
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CN108160956B (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2020-01-10 | 东北大学 | 一种液/固两相体系中颗粒粗化行为的控制方法及装置 |
CN109093892A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-28 | 浙江虹腾新材料有限公司 | 一种碳纤维手机盖模具 |
CN110919003A (zh) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-03-27 | 西北稀有金属材料研究院宁夏有限公司 | 直径大于300mm真空热压铍材的制备方法及铍材 |
CN112103071B (zh) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-02-11 | 江西荧光磁业有限公司 | 一种钕铁硼磁粉成型压铸装置及其实施方法 |
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JP3873357B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-18 | 2007-01-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 圧縮成形装置および圧縮成形方法 |
JP2003342618A (ja) | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-03 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 異方性希土類磁石粉末の製造方法 |
JP4678186B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2011-04-27 | Tdk株式会社 | 磁場成形装置、フェライト磁石の製造方法、金型 |
JP4391897B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-01 | 2009-12-24 | インターメタリックス株式会社 | 磁気異方性希土類焼結磁石の製造方法及び製造装置 |
JP4882834B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-02 | 2012-02-22 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 成形体の製造方法、成形装置および焼結体の製造方法 |
JP5532745B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-21 | 2014-06-25 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 磁気異方性磁石及びその製造方法 |
EP2099039A1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-09 | Daido Steel Co.,Ltd. | Material for magnetic anisotropic magnet |
CN101770843B (zh) | 2009-01-07 | 2014-08-20 | 大同特殊钢株式会社 | 磁各向异性磁体原材料及其制造方法 |
JP2013098486A (ja) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 希土類磁石の製造方法 |
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US20160008885A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
CN105312574B (zh) | 2017-12-15 |
CN105312574A (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
JP2016018875A (ja) | 2016-02-01 |
US10058919B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
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