JP6210794B2 - 線維化剤 - Google Patents
線維化剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6210794B2 JP6210794B2 JP2013169749A JP2013169749A JP6210794B2 JP 6210794 B2 JP6210794 B2 JP 6210794B2 JP 2013169749 A JP2013169749 A JP 2013169749A JP 2013169749 A JP2013169749 A JP 2013169749A JP 6210794 B2 JP6210794 B2 JP 6210794B2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/734—Alginic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
本発明の線維化剤は、ビーズ形状を有する。ここで、「ビーズ状」または「ビーズ形状」とは、固体の球状または略球状を意図し、液状(溶液、懸濁液、エマルジョン)やゲル状のような流動性を実質的に持たない。また、中実、中空構造を適宜選択できる。このため、生体内のターゲットとなる罹患部位に投与されても、罹患部での留置性(保持性)に優れるため、罹患部から実質的に留出しない。この際、「実質的に」とは、線維化剤全重量に対して、50重量%以上(上限:100重量%)を占めることを意味し、75重量%以上(上限:100重量%)、より好ましくは90重量%以上(上限:100重量%)、さらにより好ましくは95重量%以上の割合を占めることが好ましい。
本発明の線維化剤は、その形状により、投与後の罹患部からの留出を抑制/防止する。ゆえに、本発明の線維化剤は、罹患部に効率よく留まり、線維化を誘発・促進する。このため、本発明の線維化剤は、罹患部の線維化を促進するために好適に適用できる。ここで、適用部位は、特に制限されないが、本発明の線維化剤を肺気腫の患者の罹患した肺胞または肺胞嚢(罹患部)に投与すると、当該罹患部(肺胞または肺嚢胞)の局所的な線維化および萎縮を誘発・促進し、肺容量を減少できる。したがって、本発明の線維化剤は、肺に好適に使用でき、肺気腫の治療に特に好適に使用できる。
本工程では、カテーテルを、気道から気管、気管支または細気管支へ挿入する。ここで、カテーテルは、いずれの部位にまで挿入されてもよいが、カテーテル先端を少なくとも第8分岐にまで挿入(設置)することが好ましい。気腫化した肺胞の開口部は、通常、第8分岐〜第12分岐より先に形成される。このため、カテーテル先端を第8分岐またはその先まで挿入することによって、次工程(b)で、狭い範囲に(所望の罹患部により選択的に)かつより多数の線維化剤を、気腫化した肺胞または肺胞嚢(以下、単に「気腫化した肺胞実質」とも称する)に導入/投与して、より効果的に線維化を誘発/誘導できる。また、カテーテル先端を第8分岐またはその先まで挿入することによって、正常な肺胞または肺胞嚢(以下、単に「正常な肺胞実質」とも称する)に線維化剤が入ることをより有効に抑制/防止する。このため、正常な肺胞または肺胞嚢は維持しつつ、正常な肺胞実質の線維化をより有効に抑制/防止できる。上記点を考慮すると、例えば、ヒト患者を対象とする場合には、カテーテルの外径は、好ましくは1.5〜5mm、より好ましくは2〜4mmである。なお、本明細書では、気管の最初の左右分岐を第1分岐とする。
本工程では、上記工程(a)で挿入したカテーテルを介して、肺胞または肺胞嚢を含む呼吸域中に本発明の線維化剤を投与する。当該操作によって、線維化剤を効率よく罹患部(気腫化した肺胞実質)内に配置して、当該部位での線維化を誘発・促進して、肺容量を減少する。
6.0gの塩化カルシウム(和光純薬工業製)を逆浸透水(RO水)600mLに溶解して、1%(w/v)の塩化カルシウム水溶液を調製した。別途、1.5gのアルギン酸ナトリウム(和光純薬工業製)をRO水 150mLに溶解して、1%(w/v)のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。
0.15gのアルギン酸ナトリウム(和光純薬工業製)をRO水 30mLに溶解した後、滅菌フィルター(Millipore 0.22μm)を用いて濾過滅菌して、0.5%(w/v)のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液を調製した。なお、得られたアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液は、粘性のある液状(粘液)であった。
0.222gの塩化カルシウムをRO水 50mLに溶解した後、121℃、20分間オートクレーブ滅菌を行い、40mMの塩化カルシウム水溶液を調製した。
上記実施例1で調製されたビーズ1〜3(下記表1中の第3〜5群)、上記比較例1で調製された0.5%(w/v)のアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液(下記表1中の第1群)、および上記比較例2で調製されたゲル状物(下記表1中の第2群)について、以下のようにして、ウサギの肺組織に投与して、線維化を評価した。なお、以下では、上記サンプルは、下記表1に示す量で投与した。
日本白色ウサギ(クリーン、雄、3.0〜3.49kg)に、キシラジン塩酸塩を生理食塩水で4倍希釈し、キシラジンとして5mg/kg(1mL/kg)となるように筋肉内注射した(前処置)。
上記1.の手術の1週間後または4週間後に、ソムノペンチル(ペントバルビタールナトリウム)を生理食塩水で2倍希釈し、ペントバルビタールナトリウムとして45mg/kgとなるよう調整して、ペントバルビタール希釈液を調製した。このペントバルビタール希釈液4.86mL〜5.65mLを、上記1.の手術を行ったウサギに、耳介静脈より投与した。麻酔下にて動物を仰臥位で開腹し、心臓から生食灌流(ヘパリン10単位/mL、100mL/羽)を行った後、腹部大動脈から放血致死させ、肺を摘出した。摘出された肺に10%緩衝ホルマリン(病理組織保存固定液、組成(100mL中):ホルマリン(ホルムアルデヒド35.0〜38.0%)10mL、リン酸二水素ナトリウム 0.4g、無水リン酸一水素ナトリウム 0.65g、精製水 適量)を25cm水中圧にて注入し、10%緩衝ホルマリンにて24時間、浸漬・固定を行った。その後、パラフィン包埋し、ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色(HE染色)およびマッソントリクローム染色(MT染色)標本を作製し、光学顕微鏡下に病理学的観察を行い、線維化の有無、および将来、線維化につながる可能性のある肉芽腫性炎の有無を確認した。この線維化および肉芽腫性炎(線維化の可能性)の観察結果を総合的に以下のようにして評価した。線維化剤投与1週間後の結果を、図1及び図2に示す。なお、肺摘出後に、線維化剤の留置性(保持性)を観察したところ、ビーズ1〜3は、投与部位に良好に肺胞内に存在することを確認した。
Claims (4)
- 肺気腫の治療に使用されるビーズ状の線維化剤であって、5μm超かつ肺気腫の肺胞または肺胞嚢の入口径(直径)の1倍以下のビーズ直径を有し、アルギン酸塩およびアルギン酸エステルからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含む、線維化剤。
- 肺気腫の肺胞または肺胞嚢に送達される、請求項1に記載の線維化剤。
- 正常な肺胞または肺胞嚢の入口径(直径)より大きいビーズ直径を有する、請求項1または2に記載の線維化剤。
- 投与1週間後においても肺気腫の肺胞または肺胞嚢に留置される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の線維化剤。
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