JP6182772B2 - Method for promoting and suppressing plant growth, and method for promoting increase in flower buds and fruit number of trees and root vegetables - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention uses either diatomaceous earth, pearlite, zeolite alone, a combination of the above materials, or a material added with charcoal to the above materials or a combination of materials (hereinafter referred to as “diatomaceous earth and others”). The present invention relates to a method for promoting tree growth, a method for increasing the number of flower buds and fruit set of trees and root vegetables, and a method for alleviating the action of harmful components on plants.

Conventionally, diatomaceous earth used for filtration and purification of drinking water and foods is a natural porous material consisting of aggregates of phytoplankton fossils based on silicon dioxide, and can retain a large amount of moisture and oil, It is used as a soil improver for improving dry soil and a collector for collecting spilled oil. In addition, pearlite and zeolite are natural porous materials mainly composed of silicon dioxide, like diatomaceous earth, and exhibit properties close to diatomaceous earth, but their origin is different from diatomaceous earth. The difference other than the origin is the size of the pores, and diatomaceous earth and pearlite have micron-sized pores, whereas in the case of zeolite, nanometer-sized pores dominate. As a result, perlite is also used as a filter aid, but zeolite is mainly used as an ion exchanger.
Further, as described above, diatomaceous earth and pearlite are also used for filtration of organic matter. Therefore, if the waste disposed through these operations is carbonized, diatomaceous earth or a composite of pearlite and charcoal is obtained.
In view of the above, the experiments conducted in the examples of the present technology were performed with diatomaceous earth as a representative.

It is known that diatomaceous earth is laid on the soil surface to reduce temperature and humidity and to reduce the drying of the soil surface, thereby obtaining an insecticidal action and a fungicidal action (see Patent Document 1).
This known technique can prevent the occurrence and invasion of various pests by applying or spraying or laying diatomaceous earth alone or as a main component on the soil surface in the container where various plants are planted or the soil surface of the cultivation area This is a method for controlling pests and wood-rotting fungi.

In addition, when soil is laid on the rooftop of a building and plants are planted in the soil for greening the rooftop, it is known that diatomaceous earth is used as a water retention material in the lower layer of the soil (Patent Document 2). reference).
This known technology is a drainage base for greening provided with a plate-like base laid in the lower layer of soil spread on the roof of a building and a water retention part formed by molding a polygonal cylindrical body in a plan view into a honeycomb shape. In addition, the first water retaining part and the second water retaining part formed by the cylindrical body are water retention drainage bases for greening that can be filled with diatomaceous earth having a high water retaining action.

  However, until now, only vague water-retaining and fertilizing power of diatomaceous earth is expected, and due to the difference in action depending on the application method, the growth rate of plants, especially trees, can be increased than usual, or flower buds and It has not been studied that it has an effect on increasing the number of fruits, and diatomaceous earth is laid in the soil by using the water retention capacity of diatomaceous earth to constantly retain moisture, and sodium chloride is transferred to the moisture. It has not been studied to reduce the salt concentration in the soil by dissolving it.

JP 2000-190305 A (see 0012) JP 2006-158322 A (refer to 0042 and 0043)

The present invention relates to a plant growth promotion method and a suppression method using diatomaceous earth and the like that can control the growth of trees by laying diatomaceous earth and the like around the tree and keeping moisture, nutrients, and temperature in the soil almost constant. , as well as an object to provide an increase promotion how the flower buds and fruit number and yield of trees and root vegetables.

The method for promoting and suppressing plant growth using diatomaceous earth and the like of the present invention lays diatomaceous earth and others around a tree to keep moisture in the soil constant, exposes diatomaceous earth and others to evaporate, The amount is reduced to temporarily suppress the growth, or the diatomaceous earth or the like is covered with soil to maintain a sufficient amount of water to promote the growth and control the growth of the tree.
The method of promoting the increase in flower buds, number of fruits and yield and yield of trees and root vegetables of the present invention lays diatomaceous earth etc. at the roots of trees and root vegetables, and keeps the humidity, nutrient state and temperature in the soil appropriately, and fine roots. It promotes the increase of flower buds, number of seeds, and yield by promoting the development of the plant .

Growth promoting method and method for inhibiting plant of the present invention, since the kieselguhr other sock was set around the tree, and can control the growth of trees by maintaining the moisture in the soil at a constant moisture in the soil one It can be kept constant throughout the year to promote fine root development and have a positive impact on tree growth.
On the other hand, when the laid diatomaceous earth and others are exposed, the transpiration of moisture from the diatomaceous earth and others becomes larger, so the moisture in the soil is further reduced, the development of fine roots takes time, and the temporary suppression effect of tree growth To express. However, even in this case, the development of fine roots occurs, and after that, instead of promoting growth.
Flower bud and increase promotion method fruiting number of trees and root vegetables of the present invention, encourages the increase of flower buds by maintain proper moisture and nutrition state and temperature in the soil, it is possible to increase the fruiting rate and yield .

It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the method which does not promote the growth of a tree. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the growth promotion method which promotes the growth of a tree. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the growth promotion method of the type in which the root of a tree extends perpendicularly. It is an implementation example of white diatomaceous earth to the base of red light. It is a photograph showing the difference in the number of red berries. It is a photograph showing the difference in the number of red berries. It is a photograph showing the difference between the growth of red balls and the number of fruits. It is a photograph showing the difference between the growth of red balls and the number of fruits. It is a photograph showing the difference between the growth of red balls and the number of fruits. It is a photograph showing the difference between the growth of red balls and the number of fruits. It is a photograph showing the difference between the growth of red balls and the number of fruits. It is a photograph showing the difference between the growth of red balls and the number of fruits. It is a photograph showing the difference between the flowering time and the number of fruiting in Yoshino Somei. It is a photograph showing the difference between the flowering time and the number of fruiting in Yoshino Somei. It is a photograph showing the difference between the flowering time and the number of fruiting in Yoshino Somei. It is a photograph showing the difference between the flowering time and the number of fruiting in Yoshino Somei. It is a photograph showing the growth effect of Shonai Seta plum. It is a photograph showing the growth effect of Shonai Seta plum. It is a photograph showing the growth effect of Shonai Seta plum. It is a photograph showing the growth effect of Shonai Seta plum. It is a photograph showing the growth effect of Shonai Seta plum. It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the mitigation method of the harmful | toxic component action by dispersion | distribution of diatomaceous earth. It is a result of a salt damage test.

When diatomaceous earth is described again, diatomaceous earth is a deposit (sedimentary rock) made of fossil diatom shell, which is a kind of algae, and diatom shell is made of silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ). When diatoms die in large quantities in the sea or lakes, the dead bodies settle on the bottom of the water. The organic matter in the carcass is gradually decomposed, and finally only the shell composed mainly of silicon dioxide remains. A rock made of fossil diatoms made in this way is diatomaceous earth.
Because diatom shells have many small holes, diatomaceous earth has a very low weight per volume. Therefore, the greatest use of diatomaceous earth is as a filter aid. The adsorption capacity for solutes such as ions is low, the dissolved components are passed as they are, and only insoluble matter is trapped. Filtering with diatomaceous earth alone is rare, and the filter is clogged with fine powder. Used to prevent it.
Moreover, since diatomaceous earth has many small holes, it can hold | maintain a lot of moisture and oil.
As mentioned at the beginning, pearlite and zeolite are also porous materials and exhibit properties similar to diatomaceous earth, but their origin is volcanic rock, which differs from diatomaceous earth. In the case of zeolite, there is a difference in the size of the pores, and the pores of nanometer size are mainly occupied.
As mentioned above, diatomaceous earth and pearlite are also used for filtration of organic matter, so if carbonized material discarded through these processes, it becomes a composite of diatomaceous earth or pearlite and charcoal, which Can be used as a material.
The present invention uses diatomaceous earth and other water-retaining power, fertilizing power, and heat-retaining power to control the growth of trees, increase the number of flower buds and seeds of trees and the yield of root vegetables, Can be reduced.

First, an embodiment of a tree growth promoting method using diatomaceous earth of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
<When delaying growth promotion>
As shown in the schematic explanatory diagram of FIG. 1, (a) at the time of planting; a tree is dug up around a tree with a predetermined radius and depth (both within the range where the roots of mature trees can reach), and diatomaceous earth is laid in the dug up space. Therefore, the ground surface around the tree is surrounded by diatomaceous earth. (B) During fine weather; water evaporates from the surface of diatomaceous earth, and is concentrated to diatomaceous earth with water-soluble nutrients along with surrounding water. Accordingly, the amount of water in the soil is reduced by evaporation from diatomaceous earth, so that the growth promotion of trees is suppressed. (Note that this treatment delays the development of fine roots in the plant, but since it eventually develops, it will start to promote growth in the following fiscal year.) (C) In rainy weather: Gradually concentrate nutrients from diatomaceous earth into the soil. discharge.

<For growth promotion>
As shown in the schematic explanatory diagram of FIG. 2, (a) at the time of planting; a tree is dug up with a predetermined radius and depth (within the range where the roots of mature trees both reach), and diatomaceous earth is buried in the dug up space; Cover the surface of diatomaceous earth with soil. Therefore, the ground surface around the tree is surrounded by soil. (B) During fine weather; since the surface of diatomaceous earth is covered with soil, water evaporation is suppressed, and water-soluble nutrients are concentrated to diatomaceous earth together with surrounding water. Therefore, the moisture in the soil is kept reasonably constant, so that tree growth is promoted. Specifically, fine roots develop at this time, which leads to growth promotion. (C) During rainy weather: Gradually release nutrients concentrated from diatomaceous earth by rainwater.

<For tree roots that extend vertically>
As shown in the schematic explanatory diagram of FIG. 3, (a) at the time of planting: a tree is dug up around the tree with a predetermined radius and depth (both within the range covered by the roots of the mature tree), and the area around the dug is dug up into a cylindrical shape. The diatomaceous earth is buried in the excavated space, and the surface of the diatomaceous earth is covered with soil. Therefore, the ground surface around the tree is surrounded by soil. (B) During fine weather; since the surface of diatomaceous earth is covered with soil, water evaporation is suppressed, and water-soluble nutrients are concentrated to diatomaceous earth together with surrounding water. Therefore, the moisture in the soil is kept constant, so that tree growth is promoted. (C) During rainy weather: Gradually release nutrients concentrated from diatomaceous earth by rainwater.

Below, the verification result of the tree growth promotion method using diatomaceous earth etc. is described in Tables 1 and 2 as Example 1.
Control group [Comparative Example 1]
A hole with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 50 cm is dug in the orchard, and a support is placed in the center of the hole. First, 30 liters of fertilizer (trade name “Yuki” from Kita-Akita City Organic Center Co., Ltd.) is introduced and fully treaded. The fertilizer is covered with soil and seedlings are planted. At that time, the height of the sapling is adjusted so that it is not buried, and the roots of the sapling are covered with soil. Then, the seedling is tied to the post. The degree of growth of subsequent seedlings was observed. The seedlings used for the observation were those that had passed 3 years after grafting, and were prepared with the same size (degree of growth) and planted two apple apples and two red balls each (2010) (April 22) The same seedlings were used in Examples 1 and 2 below.

Diatomaceous earth exposed area [Experiment 1]
A hole with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 50 cm is dug in the orchard, and a support is placed in the center of the hole. First, diatomaceous earth is spread to a thickness of 10 cm, and then 30 liters of fertilizer (trade name “Yuki” from Kitaakita City Organic Center Co., Ltd.) is added and fully treaded. The fertilizer is covered with soil and seedlings are planted. At that time, the height of the sapling is adjusted so that it is not buried, and the roots of the sapling are covered with soil. Then, the seedling is tied to the post. Again, cover the diatomaceous earth with a thickness of 10 cm and form a bank around the diatomaceous earth to prevent scattering by the wind (implemented on April 22, 2010). The degree of growth of subsequent seedlings was observed. The seedlings used for the observation were planted with two apple apples and two red balls.

Diatomaceous earth buried area [Experimental example 2]
A hole with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 50 cm is dug in the orchard, and a support is placed in the center of the hole. First, diatomaceous earth is spread to a thickness of 10 cm, and then 30 liters of fertilizer (trade name “Yuki” from Kitaakita City Organic Center Co., Ltd.) is added and fully treaded. The fertilizer is covered with soil and seedlings are planted. At that time, the height of the sapling is adjusted so that it is not buried, and the roots of the sapling are covered with soil. Then, the seedling is tied to the post. Again, cover the diatomaceous earth with a thickness of 10 cm, and further cover the surface of the diatomaceous earth with soil. The degree of growth of subsequent seedlings was observed. The seedlings used for the observation were planted with two apple apples and two red balls (implemented on April 22, 2010).

△：基準 ○：基準に対して10ｃｍ＋ ◎：基準に対して20ｃｍ＋
例：◎◎＝基準に対して40ｃｍ＋、◎◎◎◎○＝基準に対して90ｃｍ＋
（表２）王林の生長の様子（平成２４年９月２８日計測）

△：基準 ○：10ｃｍ＋ ◎：20ｃｍ＋ 例：○＝10ｃｍ＋、◎◎○＝50ｃｍ＋
王林の対照区〔実験例１〕の本数が一本なのは、途中で枯れてしまったためである。 (Table 1) Growth of red balls (measured on September 28, 2012)

Δ: Standard ○: 10 cm + with respect to the standard ◎: 20 cm + with respect to the standard
Example: ◎◎ = 40cm + with reference, ◎◎◎◎ ○ = 90cm + with reference
(Table 2) Growth of Wang Lin (measured on September 28, 2012)

Δ: Standard ○: 10 cm + ◎: 20 cm + Example: ○ = 10 cm +, ◎◎ ○ = 50 cm +
The reason why Wanglin's control section [Experimental Example 1] is one is because it has withered on the way.

〔Comparison result〕
When comparing the height of the trees of Comparative Example 1 and Experimental Example 1, the growth rate of Experimental Example 1 is slightly faster (0 cm to 48 cm for Hongyu, 3 cm to 11 cm for Wanglin). There is no significant difference in growth.
When the heights of the trees of Comparative Example 1 and Experimental Example 2 are compared, the growth speed of the trees is faster in the diatomite buried section [Experimental Example 2] for both Wang Lin and Hong Yu. In the case of saury, the height of the tree is 18 to 93 cm different from the control. Even in Wanglin, a difference in growth of 51 cm can be confirmed.
Therefore, it was demonstrated that the growth of trees can be controlled by burying diatomaceous earth around the trees and keeping the moisture in the soil constant.

An experiment for confirming the effect of diatomaceous earth laying on root vegetables is described in Table 3 as Example 2.
In the spring of 2012, when planting potato seedlings, diatomaceous earth was laid at the base so as to cover the entire cocoon with a thickness of 5 cm. The selected varieties are Danshak, Makein and Kitakari. The experimental zones were set in the house, outside the house, and in the open ground, and for comparison, a diatomaceous earth laying zone and a non-laying zone were provided for each.

秋に収穫を行い、品種ごとの品質を分類した結果が表３である。収穫物総計を見ると、ジャガイモ一個当たりの重量は、珪藻土区の方が高い。また、３週間後の商品価値のあるものの総計を見ると、ハウス外のダンシャク以外の全てにおいて、珪藻土区の方が良い成績を示している。
以上のことから、ジャガイモに対して、珪藻土敷設が有効であることが実証できた。 (Table 3) Effect of diatom laying on potato

Table 3 shows the results of harvesting in autumn and classifying the quality of each variety. Looking at the total amount of crops, the weight per potato is higher in the diatomaceous earth. In addition, when looking at the total of commercial value after three weeks, the diatomaceous earth district showed better results in all but Dunshak outside the house.
From the above, it was proved that diatom laying is effective for potato.

Hereinafter, a method for increasing the number of fruit buds and fruit set will be described as Example 3.
As shown in FIG. 4, before snowfall in December 2011, diatomaceous earth with a thickness of 5 cm and a diameter of 1 m was laid at the base of red light (apple tree). In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment, three trees with diatom laying and two trees without laying were prepared and the yields of the following year (2012) were compared.
As a result of the experiment, in the apple tree on which diatomaceous earth was laid, there was a significant increase in the number of flower buds, and as a result, a significant difference in the number of fruits as shown in FIG. 5 appeared.
Therefore, by laying diatomaceous earth at the root of the tree, we were able to demonstrate that the moisture in the soil was kept constant and the development of fine roots was promoted, thereby increasing the number of flower buds and the number of fruit set. .

樹の高さでは、珪藻土埋設区Ａが最も良い。但し、樹の高さの増加量では対照区Ａと珪藻土埋設区Ａの成績が良い。幹の太さ及び実の数は、全て珪藻土敷設区Ａ，Ｂが良い成績を示している。
したがって、珪藻土の敷設がリンゴの木の生長と結実数に効果的であることが改めて証明でき、特に珪藻土を埋設すると、その効果が顕著になることが明らかになった。 The effect on the growth and the number of seeds of red balls is described as Example 4.
Since the red balls described in Example 1 have come to bear fruit stably from 2012, the differences between 2012 and 25 are shown in FIGS. Table 4 summarizes the effects of diatomaceous earth on growth and fruiting.
















(Table 4) Effects of diatomaceous earth laying on the growth and fruit number of red balls

In terms of the height of the tree, the diatomite buried section A is the best. However, in the increase in the height of the tree, the results of the control zone A and the diatomite buried zone A are good. As for the thickness of the trunk and the number of fruits, the diatom laying sections A and B all show good results.
Therefore, it was proved again that the laying of diatomaceous earth is effective for the growth and fruiting number of apple trees, and it became clear that the effect becomes remarkable especially when diatomaceous earth is buried.

The effect on the flowering time and the number of seeds of Yoshino Somei is described as Example 5.
FIGS. 7a to 7d are Yoshino Somei planted in Mamurogawa Park in Mamurogawa Town, Yamagata Prefecture. Of the three, diatomaceous earth is laid at the root of the central tree.
May 6, 2013: Compared to the trees on both sides, it can be seen that the buds of the cherry blossoms in the center tree are greatly expanded, mainly in the upper part of the photograph.
May 10: Compared with the tree on the left, you can see that the cherry blossoms in the center tree are in full bloom.
May 17: The flowers on the trees on both sides are already scattered, but the flowers in the middle are still blooming.
May 25: A lot of floral patterns remain on the tree in the center, and many of these have turned into fruit.
Therefore, it became clear that the laying of diatomaceous earth is effective for the flowering and fruiting of Someno Yoshino.

（表６） 庄内節田梅（珪藻土未敷設区）

The effects on the growth effect of Shonai Seta plum are listed in Tables 5 and 6 as Example 6.
It is Shonai Seta plum planted in Mamurogawa Park in Mamurogawa-machi, Yamagata Prefecture as in Example 5. Table 5 shows the growth of the diatomaceous earth laid area, and Table 6 shows the growth of the diatomaceous earth non-laid area (control area). Moreover, the mode of growth of the diatomaceous earth laying section is shown in FIGS. In the diatom laying ward, in accordance with instructions from the Mamurogawa Town Hall, tests were conducted on plum trees that were particularly weak and were damaged by wild animals such as rabbits.
Looking at the growth rate, there is a big difference in just six months since the diatom laying. Nearly half of the 15 trees in the non-laying ward are weak, and three of them are dead. The maximum elongation is 24%. On the other hand, in the diatom laying ward, 2 out of 10 trees are weak, and one of them has died, but the overall growth is good and the maximum elongation reaches 73%.
Therefore, it was clarified that the laying of diatomaceous earth is effective for the growth of ume and the recovery of tree vigor.

(Table 5) Shonai Umeda Ume (diatom laying zone April 27, 2013)

(Table 6) Umeda Shonai Ume (diatomaceous earth not laid)

Next, an embodiment of a method for mitigating harmful component action using the diatomaceous earth of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the schematic explanatory diagram of FIG. 9, in the field, diatomaceous earth is dispersed in the soil, and diatomaceous earth is also laid between the fences. Thereby, the relative water content in the soil increases, and as a result, the salinity concentration of the whole soil decreases. That is, diatomaceous earth is dispersed in the soil or laid between the ridges to keep moisture constantly, and sodium chloride is moved and dissolved in the moisture to lower the salt concentration in the soil.
Thus, salt damage countermeasures can be performed by reducing the salinity concentration in the soil using the water retention capacity of diatomaceous earth.
A simple test was conducted to confirm the effectiveness of this method. An experimental soil was prepared by mixing a tsunami deposit of 0.3% salinity collected in Sendai City with a diatomaceous earth in a plastic cup (capacity 300 ml). There are four types of mixing ratios: tsunami deposit raw soil, diatomaceous earth mixed amount of 10%, 20% and 30%. On the other hand, four types of plants were selected for the experiment: Sunny lettuce and Komatsuna, Strawberry Natsuhime, and Hoho early-growing.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. The experiment started on March 19, 2012, and the state of every month is shown. The diatomaceous earth content increases as the left side of the cup in each photo goes to the right with the tsunami deposit raw soil, and the rightmost side is 30%. The top of each photo is the summer princess with strawberry, the next row is Komatsuna, the next is Sunny lettuce, and the bottom is the early treasure.
The purpose of this experiment is to confirm the effectiveness of diatomaceous earth against salt damage, so no hole was made in the bottom of the cup. As a result, drainage worsened, and the two rows of komatsuna and sunny lettuce died during the experiment.
The effect of diatomaceous earth can be confirmed well by Natsuhime at the top of each photo. As the days pass, the tsunami deposits are starting to wither from the left sample.
On the other hand, all of the early treasures at the bottom of each photo are still alive, but it can be confirmed that the sample on the right side with a high diatomaceous earth content is good (photo on July 9 in FIG. 10).
From the above experiments, it was proved that diatomaceous earth was effective for countermeasures against salt damage in farmland.

From the above experiments, the effectiveness of diatomaceous earth on plants has been confirmed, but the following problems remain.
The laying of diatomaceous earth and others on fruit trees is semi-permanent, so there is no particular problem, but the following measures are required when implementing this method for root vegetables. Since the field is cultivated every year, if diatomaceous earth and others are laid each time, the ratio of diatomaceous earth and others in the soil becomes too high and the balance becomes poor. In order to solve this problem, diatomaceous earth and the like are enclosed in a bag made of a water-absorbing material such as polyester. Thereby, movement and disposal of diatomaceous earth become easy.

  By changing the color above and below the bag containing diatomaceous earth and the like, not only is it easy to move and discard, but it can also be used according to the purpose. For example, by painting the upper and lower surfaces separately in white and black, the white surface is raised in the summer when it is hot, and the black surface is raised in the winter when it is cold. It becomes possible to control the heat retention / water retention effect.

As described below, according to the present invention, it is possible to dramatically promote the growth of plants and increase the yield, which has never been considered before, and to reduce the damage caused by salt damage. The increase can bring out the vitality of the trees, so agriculture that does not rely on pesticides and excessive fertilizers can be developed. Moreover, early recovery can be expected by promoting the growth of seedlings against the massive death of plums caused by viruses that have become a problem in recent years. Furthermore, since the number of flower buds can be increased, it is possible to sufficiently bloom a tree to be cherry-blossom-viewed.
Diatomaceous earth and other materials used in this method do not require the purity required for food and industrial materials, leading to the utilization of parts that could not be used as resources.
As described above, it can be said that the contribution by the present invention is extremely high.

Claims (4)

By burying diatomaceous earth, pearlite or zeolite, or a combination of the above materials around trees, if they promote the growth of trees or laying them if they do not promote the growth of trees, by absorbing moisture in the soil A method for promoting and suppressing the growth of trees, characterized by promoting the generation and growth of roots by keeping the soil water content near the roots lower than that of the surrounding soil and controlling the growth of trees. Around the roots of trees and root vegetables, diatomaceous earth, pearlite, zeolite, or a combination of the above materials is buried when promoting the growth of trees and root vegetables, or laid when not promoting the growth of trees and root vegetables. By absorbing moisture in the soil, the soil moisture in the vicinity of the roots is kept lower than the surrounding soil to promote root generation and growth, and increase the number of flower buds and fruit set of trees and root vegetables A method of promoting the increase in flower buds and fruit set of trees and root vegetables. When filling a bag of water-absorbing material with the diatomaceous earth, pearlite or zeolite, or a combination of the above materials, and encouraging the growth of trees and root vegetables along the roots of the plant along with the bag, it is buried or the growth of trees and root vegetables The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the material is not promoted, it is laid to facilitate removal when the material becomes unnecessary.   The method according to claim 3, wherein the upper and lower surfaces of the water-absorbent material bag are separately applied to white and black, so that the upper and lower surfaces are properly used according to the purpose.

Images