JP6177379B2 - 自閉症のプロバイオティック療法 - Google Patents
自閉症のプロバイオティック療法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
オープンフィールド試験は、軽度のストレス性条件下での不安の検査であり、ASD罹患個体は、かかる状況下で不安の上昇を示す。産仔をオープンフィールドで試験して、不安行動に対するB.フラジリス及び幾つかの他の細菌種の効果を測定した。妊娠マウスの群(n>3)を、E12.5に、ポリ(I:C)で処置してMIAを誘導するか、又は生理食塩水で処置してコントロールとした(Smithら、2007年)。離乳直後、産仔に、示した細菌の1種を1週間定着させる(食物で与えて)か、又は定着させなかった。マウスを明るく照らした開放箱に入れて、ビデオカメラにより活動を記録し、Ethovisionソフトウエア(Noldus)を用いて分析した。活動領域の中央に進入した回数と、活動領域の中央で過ごした時間とを測定した。予想したとおり、MIA産仔は、コントロール産仔と比較して、オープンフィールドの中央でより短い時間を過ごし、より少ない頻度でそこに進入して、不安の増加を示した(図1)。B.フラジリス及び他のバクテロイデス種での処置は、MIA産仔の異常行動を予防し、このプロバイオティック処置が、ASDモデルマウスだけでなく正常動物においても不安を低下させることを示す。対照的に、非バクテロイデス種であるE.フェーカリスは、MIA産仔の不安を予防できない。このように、試験した細菌種の中で特異性が存在する(前述の相違は、p<0.05及び0.01で有意である)。
MIA産仔の成体及びコントロール産仔の成体の結腸を組織検査用に調製し、H&M(ヘマトキシリン−エオシン)で染色した。図2に図示するように、MIA産仔において非常に著しい細胞浸潤が存在した。このことは、試験した5匹のMIAマウスのうち4匹で認められた。対照的に、5匹のコントロールマウスのうち1匹のみでこの種の浸潤が認められた。結腸を浸潤する細胞の同定については、研究中である。
消化管に関連したリンパ球の活性化状態を評価するため、コントロール母の産仔の成体と、ポリ(I:C)で処置したMIA母の産仔と、IL−6で処置したMIA母の産仔とから、腸間膜リンパ節を切断した。CD4+細胞を単離して、PMA及びイオノマイシンを含む培地中で処置した。上清をLI−6(図示せず)及びIL−7(図3)についてアッセイした。アッセイした両日とも、MIA産仔由来のリンパ球は、コントロールよりも高いサイトカイン放出を示す。
げっ歯類における常同的な反復性/強迫性行動をアッセイするのに用いる試験の一つが、大理石埋め試験である。動物を、床敷の上に配置した一組の大理石と共にケージに入れる。所定の時間で埋められた大理石の数を測定して、この反復性行動を定量化する。我々は、MIA産仔がコントロールよりもずっと多くの大理石を埋めることを見出した(図4、生理食塩水対ポリ(I:C))。注目すべきは、B.フラジリス又は他のバクテロイデス種で処置したMIA産仔が、このASD様症状を示さないことである(図4)。更に、オープンフィールド試験におけるように、非バクテロイデス種であるE.フーカリスでの処置は、MIA産仔の不安症を予防しない(前述の相違は、p<0.05で有意である)。
バクテロイデス種はMIA産仔の行動のASD様異常性を予防することができ、これら産仔は腸管病原性を示すことから、プロバイオティックが腸管症状も予防するかどうかという問いは、興味深かった。腸管上皮バリア機能は、通常は有意な量でバリアを通して漏出しないような充分大きな標識デキストランをマウスに経管投与することによって検査することができる。デキストラン硫酸ナトリウム(DSS)を経管投与することなどによってバリア機能が損なわれた場合、標識デキストランプローブは血液循環内に漏出する(図5)。このことは、ASD児童の大きな部分集合で見出される症状である「漏出腸」の陽性コントロールである。重要なことは、MIA産仔の成体も非常に著しいレベルの漏出腸を提示し、これは、全ての試験したバクテロイデス種による離乳後処置によって予防することができるが、非バクテロイデスであるE.フーカリスでは予防できないことである(図5)。このように、消化管におけるプロバイオティック療法の有効性は、行動療法の特異性と一致する。
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Claims (21)
- 単一細菌種を含む、神経発達障害を患う個体における1又は2以上の行動異常の低減に用いるための、組成物であって、前記単一細菌種はバクテロイデス属である、組成物。
- 前記1又は2以上の行動異常が、常同性行動、反復性行動、強迫性行動、社会交流の欠如、コミュニケーションの欠如、及び/又は不安行動を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記神経発達障害が、不安症、自閉症、自閉症スペクトラム障害(ASD)、ASDの幾つかの症状を伴う精神状態、脆弱X症候群、レット症候群、結節性硬化症、強迫性障害、注意欠陥障害、又は統合失調症である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記バクテロイデス属の細菌種が、B.フラジリス、B.シータイオタオミクロン、又はB.ブルガータスである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記個体が、漏出性腸管を呈する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、更に、前記個体における漏出性腸管の程度を軽減させるために用いられる、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記1又は2以上の行動異常の低減が、不安の程度を軽減させることを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記1又は2以上の行動異常の低減が、反復性行動を軽減させることを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記1又は2以上の行動異常の低減が、標準行動実験によって決定される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、プロバイオティック組成物である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、機能性食品組成物である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、医薬として許容される担体を含む医薬組成物である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、カプセル剤又は錠剤の形態である、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が、錠剤、顆粒剤、散剤、カプセル剤、液体、または食品組成物である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記錠剤、顆粒剤、散剤、カプセル剤、液体、または食品組成物は、安定剤、抗酸化剤、乳化剤、滑沢剤、結合剤、pH調整・制御剤、または等張剤をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記安定剤、抗酸化剤、乳化剤、滑沢剤、結合剤、pH調整・制御剤、または等張剤が、デンプン、乳糖、ブドウ糖、ショ糖、デキストロース、セルロース、パラフィン、脂肪酸グリセリド、水、アルコール、アラビアゴムのうち1またはそれ以上をさらに含む、前記請求項15に記載の組成物。
- ビタミンC、ビタミンE、セレン、または亜鉛のうち1またはそれ以上をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- ミルク、ヨーグルト、カード、チーズ、非発酵乳、発酵乳、ミルクに基づく発酵製品、アイスクリーム、発酵させた穀物に基づく製品、ミルクに基づく粉末、調整粉乳、味噌、テンペ、大豆飲料錠剤、液状細菌懸濁液、乾燥経口サプリメント、又は湿潤経口サプリメント中に提供される、請求項1〜9に記載の組成物。
- 前記食品組成物が、ミルク、ヨーグルト、カード、チーズ、非発酵乳、発酵乳、ミルクに基づく発酵製品、アイスクリーム、発酵させた穀物に基づく製品、ミルクに基づく粉末、調整粉乳、味噌、テンペ、大豆飲料錠剤、液状細菌懸濁液、乾燥経口サプリメント、又は湿潤経口サプリメントである、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記食品組成物が、ジュースまたは大豆飲料である、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記神経発達障害が、自閉症スペクトラム障害(ASD)である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
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PT3072524T (pt) | 2018-04-23 |
EP3072524B1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
EP2624863A2 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
CY1120119T1 (el) | 2018-12-12 |
HUE038600T2 (hu) | 2018-10-29 |
US9452189B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
US11896629B2 (en) | 2024-02-13 |
ES2662412T3 (es) | 2018-04-06 |
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