JP6175219B2 - Method for producing solid fuel, solid fuel and method for using the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a solid fuel using livestock biomass, a solid fuel produced by this method, and a method for using the same.

  In recent years, in order to expand the collection amount of fuel waste (alternative fuel), waste oils that have been difficult to treat due to high viscosity and high sludge content have been removed. Technology has been developed to produce recycled solid fuel (BOFc) by mixing with biomass.

  On the other hand, part of the livestock manure discharged from the livestock farm is used in agriculture after being subjected to fermentation composting, but most of it has been incinerated or buried in the ground. Therefore, in order to effectively use the livestock excrement and expand the collection amount of the alternative fuel, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose techniques for producing solid fuel by removing water contained in livestock feces.

  In Patent Document 1, livestock feces and wood chips are uniformly mixed and granulated, hot air is supplied to the granulated material to remove water (feces and urine) contained in the livestock feces, and the granulated material after removing the water is used as fuel. Techniques to do this are disclosed.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a technology for producing a solid fuel that employs a so-called frying dehydration method (tempura method) in which fats and oils are added to livestock dung and the water contained in the livestock dung is removed by heating them. ing.

  Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique of adopting the same oil uptake and dehydration processing method as in Patent Document 2, and immersing livestock feces in heated oil, and then squeezing to produce a solid fuel. .

JP 2010-1865425 A JP 2009-197208 A JP-A-10-121074

  However, in any of the hot air drying method described in Patent Document 1 and the oil dehydration processing method described in Patent Documents 2 and 3, since the fuel is used to dehydrate livestock dung, the manufacturing cost increases. . In addition, since feces and urine present in livestock manure contains chlorine, chlorine remains in the livestock manure after dehydration treatment, and the amount of chlorine brought into the firing facility using solid fuel produced using this livestock manure increases. There was also a problem of doing.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the problems in the above-described conventional technology, and an object thereof is to produce a solid fuel that is low in cost, low in chlorine concentration, and excellent in handling properties from livestock excrement. To do.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a method for producing a solid fuel, composting animal manure discharged from a manure farm of a manure separation system, mixing the compost with waste oil, and granulating the compost. It is characterized by granulating and dusting the surface of the granular mixture of compost and waste oil.

  And according to the present invention, composting the manure discharged from the manure farms of the manure separation method reduces the water content and chlorine content and increases the total calorific value compared to the case where manure is not separated. Therefore, good quality solid fuel can be produced from livestock manure at low cost.

  In addition, composted compost of animal manure is mixed with waste oil so that the composted product is granulated into granules (dumplings), improving handling during transport and use, and adding biomass to the composted product and waste oil mixture. As a result, fine powdery biomass is applied to the surface of the granular mixture to improve adhesion (it becomes difficult to adhere to other objects), and the fuel value is increased. Moreover, an odor can also be suppressed by covering the surface of compost with waste oil or biomass.

  In the method for producing the solid fuel, the manure discharged from the livestock farm can be composted after solid-liquid separation. Thereby, it can respond to the case where the moisture content of livestock excretion discharged | emitted from a livestock farm is high, and can reduce the chlorine content rate of livestock feces after solid-liquid separation by reducing a moisture content.

  In the solid fuel production method, the biomass is at least one selected from the group consisting of wood chips, waste crushed material, rice straw crushed material, wood chips, wood flour, sawdust, paper waste, waste polymer, and waste sponge. This can be done.

  In the method for producing a solid fuel, the waste oil may be waste mineral oil, waste cutting oil, waste polishing oil, waste vegetable oil, waste edible oil, waste grease, oil sludge (for example, heavy oil sludge, crude oil sludge, etc.), waste solvent And at least one selected from the group consisting of waste paint, waste ink, waste thinner, by-product glycerin and waste paint distillation residue.

Furthermore, the solid fuel according to the present invention is a compost of livestock manure, having a moisture content of 24.5% by mass to 36.4% by mass and a chlorine content of 0.13% by mass to 0.38% by mass. and characterized in that the total calorific value 2300kcal / kg or more 3200kcal / kg or less of compost product is, after being granulated into granulated is mixed with waste oil, are biomass Gamabu of flour on the surface of the particulate mixture And As described above, this fuel has a low chlorine concentration and excellent handling properties.

  Further, the present invention is a method for using a solid fuel, characterized in that the solid fuel is used as a fuel for a cement kiln, a calciner or a boiler, and can be effectively used as a fuel for a cement kiln or the like. .

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to produce a solid fuel that is low in cost, low in chlorine concentration, and excellent in handling properties from livestock excrement.

It is a flowchart for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the solid fuel which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the manufacturing method of another solid fuel.

  Next, an embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a method for producing a solid fuel according to the present invention. This method comprises four steps of a livestock dung collection step 1, a solid-liquid separation step 2, a fermentation composting step 3 and a mixing step 4. Consists of.

  The livestock excrement recovery process 1 selects, for example, a livestock farm 11 in which a cocoon-like floor 11a is laid on the rearing part of the livestock P and the livestock feces E and feces U excreted from the livestock P can be automatically separated. This is a process of collecting only livestock excrement E from the livestock farm 11. Thereby, the cost required for dehydration of livestock feces can be greatly reduced.

  The solid-liquid separation step 2 is a step of performing solid-liquid separation by the solid-liquid separator 21 while adding water to the livestock feces E collected in the livestock feces collection step 1 as necessary. Since a part of the excreta U is removed in the livestock excrement recovery step 1, the chlorine concentration in the livestock excrement E has already been reduced as compared with the conventional case, but this step further dissolves chlorine contained in the livestock excrement E in water. By making it, the chlorine concentration in the livestock feces C after solid-liquid separation can be reduced more.

  Fermentation composting process 3 is a process of fermenting animal manure C in combustible vertical compost tank 31 and composting in order to minimize the decrease in the amount of heat of animal manure C separated in solid-liquid separation process 2. The livestock manure C put into the sealed vertical compost tank 31 is fermented and composted while being stirred by the stirring blade 31a, and discharged to the outside as the composted product F through the discharge device 31b. Note that sawdust, rice husks, and the like may be used as an auxiliary material for the livestock feces C as appropriate. These auxiliary materials are preferably mixed because they can reduce the amount of chlorine and increase the amount of heat. However, these are often traded as valuable and rarely input by farmers more than necessary.

  The mixing process 4 is a process for producing the solid fuel S by mixing and stirring the compost F from the fermentation composting process 3 with the biomass B and the waste oil O in the stirring tank 41. Here, as biomass B, wood waste, waste crushed material, rice straw crushed material, wood chips, wood flour, sawdust, paper waste, etc. can be used, and these are used alone or in combination of two or more. can do. In addition, as waste oil O, waste solvent, waste paint, waste ink, waste thinner, by-product glycerin, waste paint distillation residue and the like can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. .

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the fuel is not used to dehydrate livestock excretion as in the hot air drying method or the oil dehydration treatment method, the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the stored urine is separated and removed, the chlorine concentration in the produced solid fuel can be reduced, and the amount of chlorine brought into the calcination facility using the solid fuel can be kept low.

  In addition, in the said embodiment, although the manufacturing method including the solid-liquid separation process 2 was demonstrated, this solid-liquid separation process 2 is not essential, According to the property of the compost | manure F, the quality of the solid fuel to manufacture, etc. Can be determined.

  Next, a test example of the method for producing a solid fuel according to the present invention will be described. In the present invention, in the livestock manure collection step 1, the livestock farm 11 that can automatically separate the livestock feces E and feces U excreted from the livestock P is selected, and only the livestock manure E is collected from the livestock farm 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the case where it collects without separating livestock feces and excrement in the sawdust pig house 51 is illustrated.

  In the method shown in FIG. 2, in the sawdust recovery step 5, the sawdust D mixed with manure excreted from the livestock P is discharged from the floor 51 a in which livestock P is spread over the breeding part of the livestock P, and fermented compost In the conversion step 6, the open type fermenter 61 or the compost house 62 ferments and composts the sawdust mixed with manure.

  Table 1 shows the results of comparing the properties of the compost by the solid fuel production method (Example) according to the present invention and the comparative example.

  From the same table, in the examples in which manure was separated, the moisture content was lower, the chlorine content was lower, the total calorific value was larger, and the target fuel was obtained compared to the comparative example in which no manure was separated. I understand.

  Next, the adhesion of the solid fuel produced in the mixing step 4 will be described with reference to test examples.

  Test materials are as shown in Table 1. For biomass and waste oil mixed with each solid medium, wood waste and simulated oil mud obtained by adding water to engine oil were used. In addition, dehydrated sludge generated during building maintenance work was used as organic sludge and inorganic sludge.

  The test method is as follows. The simulated oil mud and oil mud absorbing medium (wood waste or / and solid medium) shown in Table 1 were mixed at a mixing ratio shown in Table 3 for about 2 minutes using a hand mixer. 100 g of the obtained mixture was put into a stainless steel can (φ120 mm × L150 mm), rotated at 46 rpm for 20 minutes, the weight of the sample adhering to the inner wall of the can was measured, and the amount of adhesion was measured. Moreover, the rotation of the mixture after rotation for 20 minutes, the presence or absence of oil floating and oil oozing, the peelability (handling property) of the deposit from the container, and the granulated state of the mixture were also evaluated. In addition, the presence or absence of oil floating and oil oozing was also evaluated after 1 day. The test results are as follows.

  Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 show the case where the solid fuel is manufactured by mixing only wood chips with simulated oil mud. Both comparative examples were excellent in handling properties, and there was no oil floating after 1 day.

  The comparative example 3 and Example 1 showed the case where a cow manure compost was used as a solid medium, and the comparative example 3 did not utilize wood waste. As a result, in Comparative Example 3, there was oil floating and oil mud absorbability as a medium was low. On the other hand, in Example 1 which used wood waste together, oil floating was suppressed and handling property was improved. Furthermore, the cow manure compost was also granulated at the time of mixing, resulting in improved transportability.

  Comparative example 4, Example 2 and Example 3 show the case where a pig manure compost is used as the solid medium, and Comparative Example 4 does not use wood chips. In Examples 2 and 3, the mixing ratio of the swine manure compost and the wood waste is changed. In Comparative Example 4, as in Comparative Example 3, there was oil floating and the oil mud absorbability of the medium was low. Moreover, in Example 2, oil floating was not improved, and in Example 3 which further reduced the amount of pig manure compost from Example 2, oil floating was completely suppressed.

  In Comparative Example 6, organic sludge is used as a solid medium, and in Comparative Example 7, inorganic sludge is used as a solid medium. In both comparative examples, despite the fact that wood chips were used in combination, the adhesion was strong, and granulation was not performed as in the case of cow dung and pig manure compost, resulting in poor handling.

  In the above Examples 1 to 3, the odor after one day of the solid fuel was improved by sensory judgment, but in any of the Examples, it was improved from that before mixing.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Livestock recovery process 11 Livestock farm 11a Floor 2 Solid-liquid separation process 21 Solid-liquid separator 3 Fermentation composting process 31 Sealed vertical compost tank 31a Stir blade 31b Discharge device 4 Mixing process 41 Stir tank B Biomass C Livestock E Livestock dung F Chemical O Waste oil P Livestock U Manure

Claims (6)

Composting manure discharged from manure separation-type livestock farms,
Mixing the compost with waste oil and granulating the compost into granules ;
A method for producing a solid fuel, characterized in that fine powdery biomass is applied to the surface of a granular mixture of compost and waste oil.   The method for producing solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the manure discharged from the livestock farm is solid-liquid separated and then composted.   The biomass is at least one selected from the group consisting of wood waste, waste crushed material, rice straw crushed material, wood chips, wood flour, sawdust, paper waste, waste polymer, and waste sponge. The manufacturing method of the solid fuel of Claim 1 or 2.   The waste oil includes waste mineral oil, waste cutting oil, waste polishing oil, waste vegetable oil, waste edible oil, waste grease, oil sludge, waste solvent, waste paint, waste ink, waste thinner, by-product glycerin and waste paint distillation residue. The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the solid fuel is at least one selected from the group consisting of: A compost of livestock excrement having a moisture content of 24.5% to 36.4% by mass, a chlorine content of 0.13% to 0.38% by mass, and a total calorific value of 2300 kcal / kg or more solid fuel 3200kcal / kg or less of compost product is, after being granulated into granulated is mixed with waste oil, characterized in that it is biomass Gamabu of flour on the surface of the particulate mixture.   A method for using a solid fuel, wherein the solid fuel according to claim 5 is used as a fuel for a cement kiln, a calciner or a boiler.

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