JP4319991B2 - Fuel and its use - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel using biomass such as waste tatami mats, wood chips, and oil mud such as oil sludge, and a method for using the same.

Since oil sludge such as crude oil sludge has high energy, it is expected to be effectively used as fuel without being disposed as industrial waste.
However, oil mud has a high viscosity, has no fluidity at room temperature, and has a solid content that settles and settles, causing poor handling when transporting via a pipeline. It is difficult to handle as fuel.
Therefore, it has been proposed that oil mud and other solid materials are mixed and used as solid fuel (for example, granular solid fuel) instead of using oil mud alone.
For example, crude oil sludge or waste oil 50-60%, paper sludge and Ogawakus 20-40%, carbon 5-10%, plaster 5-10%, soda ash 2-8%, and smoke There has been proposed a method for producing a solid fuel characterized in that a mixture containing 2-8% of pulverized coal as an essential component is dry-molded (Patent Document 1).
In addition, a technique is known in which a mixture obtained by impregnating a sawdust generated in a furniture factory with a substance having a high viscosity such as heavy hydrocarbons is used as a fuel in a cement kiln (Non-Patent Document). 1).
JP-A-54-39401 "CEMENT AMERICAS" October 1999, pages 10-11

As described above, it is known to use, as a solid fuel, a mixture composed of biomass such as sawdust and a viscous substance such as crude oil sludge.
Cement kilns are expected to be used as large-volume destinations for these solid fuels. However, although the molded solid fuel can be put into the kiln bottom of a cement kiln and incinerated, it can be used before the kiln of the cement kiln, that is, to form a flame and burn completely before landing. Cannot be used. Since the surplus capacity in the kiln bottom of the cement kiln that easily uses waste as a fuel substitute is disappearing, we will provide solid fuel with properties that can be used in the burner in front of the kiln of the cement kiln. There is a need to.
On the other hand, in the technology of Non-Patent Document 1, sawdust generated in a furniture factory is used and used as an alternative fuel in a burner without being molded. In this case, since the solid fuel particles are small, the solid fuel can be used by the burner. Further, by omitting the molding process, the manufacturing cost can be reduced accordingly. However, when solid fuel is not molded as in this technique, there are many gaps between the particles, and the bulk density of the solid fuel is less than half that of the molded solid fuel. Larger equipment is required. That is, it is necessary to enlarge the transport equipment such as the conveyor and the bucket elevator, the storage tank, etc., and the cost in terms of equipment increases.
In addition, solid fuel that is not molded has lower fluidity than molded solid fuel, and when oil mud remains on the surface of biomass such as sawdust, liquid cross-linking occurs, and particles or between particles and storage tanks or pumping pipes Adhesion occurs between the inner walls, causing blockage. In particular, when oil mud with viscosity such as crude oil sludge is mixed with biomass such as sawdust and wood chips with a high water content, the mass ratio of oil mud should be set in order not to leave a viscous liquid on the surface of the biomass. It is necessary to suppress. In this case, oil mud cannot be efficiently used as fuel.
Therefore, the present invention is a solid fuel containing a viscous material such as biomass such as sawdust and crude oil sludge, and does not have surface gloss and adhesion due to oil remaining on the particle surface, An object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel for a burner of a cement kiln having excellent handling properties, high specific gravity, and high efficiency at the time of storage or transportation through a pipeline.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that organic materials having a specific average particle diameter in addition to solid materials including biomass such as waste tatami mats and substances having viscosity such as crude oil sludge. It has been found that if the powder is blended in a specific blending amount, a solid fuel meeting the above purpose can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [4].
[1] (a) An average particle size (aperture size such that the sieve residue is within 50% by mass) is 0.5 mm or more, and a maximum particle size (a sieve residue is within 5% by mass) 40 to 95 parts by mass of biomass having a dimension of 10 mm or less, (b) 60 to 5 parts by mass of organic powder having an average particle size of 1/2 or less of the average particle size of the biomass (however, (a) + ( b) = 100 parts by mass) and (c) an amorphous organic mixture containing 50 to 200 parts by mass of oil mud , and the mass ratio of component (a) to component (b) ((a) / (b )) Is 50/50 to 80/20 , a cement kiln burner fuel.
[2] The fuel according to [1], wherein the component (a) is one or more selected from the group consisting of crushed tatami mats, wood chips, wood flour, and sawdust.
[3] The component (b) according to [2], wherein the component (b) comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of toner, heavy oil ash, pulverized coal, activated carbon powder, meat and bone powder, waste plastic powder, paper powder, and organic distillation residue powder. fuel.
[4] A method of using fuel, wherein the fuel according to any one of [1] to [3] is introduced into a cement kiln through a predetermined pipe line and burned.

Since the fuel of the present invention contains organic powder having a specific average particle size, it has a large specific gravity and high efficiency (that is, space saving and increased supply speed) during storage and supply through a pipeline. Etc.).
In addition, since the fuel of the present invention contains each material in a specific blending ratio, it does not have surface gloss and adhesion due to oil remaining on the particle surface, and therefore a bridge is formed in the storage tank. When it is generated or supplied to the cement kiln , it does not cause clogging or the like in the fuel supply pipe line, and always exhibits excellent handling properties.
In addition, the fuel of the present invention can be used as a solid fuel in an amorphous state in which only the materials are mixed without performing treatment such as drying or molding.
Furthermore, the fuel of the present invention reduces the usable amount of oil mud per unit mass of the solid material without causing surface gloss and adhesion due to oil remaining on the particle surface, depending on the type of organic powder. Can be increased.

The fuel of the present invention has (a) an average particle size (a mesh size with a sieve residue within 50% by mass) of 0.5 mm or more and a maximum particle size (with a sieve residue within 5% by mass). 40 to 95 parts by mass of biomass having an opening size of 10 mm or less, (b) 60 to 5 parts by mass of organic powder having an average particle size of 1/2 or less of the average particle size of the biomass (however, (a ) + (B) = 100 parts by mass), and (c) an amorphous organic mixture containing 50 to 200 parts by mass of oil mud , and the mass ratio of component (a) to component (b) ((a) / (B)) is a fuel for a burner of a cement kiln having a ratio of 50/50 to 80/20 .
Hereinafter, components (a) to (c) constituting the fuel of the present invention will be described in detail.
[Component (a): Biomass]
Examples of biomass used in the present invention include crushed tatami (used waste tatami), wood chips (for example, crushed waste from construction waste), wood flour, sawdust and the like. Biomass is a general term for biologically derived organic resources (excluding fossil fuels) that can be used as fuel.
In the present invention, the waste tatami used as the material for the crushed tatami mat may be any material that contains at least a part of plant material. First, chemical tatami mat with polystyrene foam board and insulation board (soft fiber board formed by solidifying wood chips with adhesive), and rice straw, polystyrene foam board and insulation board as tatami floor material. Also includes the walla sand tatami mat.

The wood chip used in the present invention refers to a crushed or crushed product of wood having a maximum particle size (a mesh size with a sieve residue within 5% by mass) exceeding 5 mm and 10 mm or less.
The wood flour used in the present invention refers to a pulverized product of wood having a maximum particle size (a mesh size with a sieve residue within 5% by mass) of 5 mm or less.
Here, the shape of the wood chip and the wood powder may be any of a granular shape, a flat shape, a rod shape, and the like. In addition, even if it has any form, such as a granular form, a flat form, and a rod form, in this specification, it calls a granule for convenience.
The particle size for wood chips and wood flour refers to the opening size of the sieve through which the granules constituting them pass.
Note that sawdust usually has a particle size distribution of about 0.5 to 5 mm, and corresponds to component (a) (biomass) and to component (b) (organic powder). is there.

The average particle size of the biomass used in the present invention (aperture dimension that allows the balance of the sieve to be within 50% by mass) is 0.5 mm or more. When the average particle size is less than 0.5 mm, the entire particle system is miniaturized, so that fluidity and dispersibility are lowered, and it is difficult to obtain effects such as improved handling properties.
The maximum particle size of the biomass used in the present invention (mesh size with the sieve residue within 5% by mass) is 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less.
When the maximum particle size exceeds 10 mm, when used in a cement kiln burner, it is difficult to form a flame (frame), and combustion continues even after the fuel has landed, which may reduce the quality of the cement clinker. is there. The maximum particle size of 5 mm or less is preferable because the proportion of particles that land and burn is reduced, and the proportion of solid fuel used can be increased.

[Component (b): Organic powder]
Examples of the organic powder used in the present invention include toner, heavy oil ash, pulverized coal, activated carbon powder, meat and bone powder, waste plastic powder, paper powder, and organic distillation residue powder. These organic powders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
The toner is a dry developer in office equipment such as a copying machine, a facsimile machine, and a printer, and is a powder having a particle size of about 7 to 11 μm. In the present invention, waste toner that is waste is usually used.
The toner is manufactured, for example, by mixing a dye, wax, or the like with a synthetic resin such as styrene-acrylic resin as a main component, melt-kneading, and then pulverizing with a pulverizer.
Since the toner has a very small particle size and a narrow particle size distribution, it can greatly contribute to an increase in the specific gravity of the fuel of the present invention and an increase in the usable amount of oil mud, which is preferable in the present invention. Used.

Heavy oil ash is a powder having a particle size of about 1 to 30 μm. Since heavy oil ash has a very small particle size, it can greatly contribute to an increase in the specific gravity of the fuel of the present invention and an increase in the usable amount of oil mud, and is preferably used in the present invention.
The pulverized coal is a powder having a particle size of about 10 to 100 μm and is known as a solid fuel in a firing furnace such as a cement kiln.
As the activated carbon powder and meat-and-bone powder, those having an average particle diameter of 1 mm or less are usually used.
For example, waste pellets are used as the waste plastic powder.
As the paper powder, for example, thunder dust or the like is used.
As the organic distillation residue powder, for example, phthalic acid distillation residue is used.

The ratio of the average particle size of component (b) (organic powder) to the average particle size of component (a) (biomass) is 1/2 or less, preferably 1/3 or less. When the ratio exceeds 1/2, the difference in particle size between the component (a) and the component (b) becomes small, and it becomes difficult to obtain effects such as improved handling properties.
Among the organic powders, activated carbon powder composed of fixed carbon, etc., if the average particle diameter exceeds 300 μm, the number of landing and burning particles may increase and the quality of the cement clinker may deteriorate. Those having a diameter of 300 μm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less are used.
The lower limit of the particle size of the organic powder is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 μm or more.
The mass ratio ((a) / (b)) of component (a) (biomass) and component (b) (organic powder) is 50/50 to 80/20.
When the mass ratio is less than 40/60, the blending amount of biomass is small, so that the organic powder fills the gaps between the biomass granules, and the fluidity of the fuel may be significantly reduced. If the mass ratio exceeds 95/5, the blending amount of the organic powder is small, so that an effect such as an increase in the specific gravity of the fuel cannot be obtained sufficiently.

[Component (c): Oil mud]
The oil mud used in the present invention includes oil sludge (for example, heavy oil sludge, crude oil sludge, etc.), waste oil regeneration residue (residue remaining after regenerating waste oil using a distillation facility, etc.), waste paint, waste ink, waste solvent, grease, It contains one or more oily substances such as waste vegetable oil, waste edible oil, and dehydrated organic sludge.
Above all, oil sludge and waste oil regeneration residue are mainly composed of hydrocarbons with large molecular weight, high viscosity, and easy to separate solids, so that they are difficult to handle as fuel and are disposed of by incineration or landfill. From the viewpoint of promoting utilization of waste, it is preferably used in the present invention.
The amount of oil mud, the total amount of 100 parts by weight of components (a) and (b), 50 to 200 parts by weight, preferably from 80 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 140 parts by weight. If the blending amount is less than 30 parts by mass, it does not meet the gist of the present invention in which oil mud is used as fuel. When the blending amount exceeds 300 parts by mass, oil may remain on the particle surface of the fuel of the present invention, resulting in gloss and adhesion on the particle surface, and handling properties may be reduced.

[Other materials]
In this invention, unless the effect of this invention is impaired, materials other than the said material can be mix | blended.
Examples of other materials include organic crushed materials or pulverized products that do not fall under component (a) and component (b) (for example, waste plastic crushed products or pulverized products that do not satisfy the particle size requirements of component (b)). ). The particle size of the other material is preferably 10 mm or less.
The blending amount of the other material is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the component (a) and the component (b).

[Method of using fuel of the present invention]
Using fuels according to the present invention, the fuel of the present invention were charged into a cement kiln through a predetermined conduit, is intended to burn.
Here, the cement kiln is a kiln for firing clinker.
Next, an example of a method of using the fuel of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually showing a clinker manufacturing facility (cement kiln and related devices) using the fuel of the present invention.
First, each device constituting the clinker manufacturing facility will be briefly described. In FIG. 1, a cement kiln (firing furnace) 1 is a long cylindrical rotating body for firing a cement raw material 4 to produce a clinker 7.
On the raw material supply side of the cement kiln 1, in order to preheat and decarboxylate the cement raw material 4 and discharge the exhaust gas 5 generated in the cement kiln 1 out of the system, a preheater 2 composed of a plurality of cyclones, and calcining The furnace 3 is connected.
A cooler 6 for cooling the fired product (clinker) is connected to the fired product discharge side of the cement kiln 1. Further, on the side of the cement kiln 1 where the fired material is discharged, there are a burner 8 and a pipe 10 for supplying fuel 12 in order to make the raw material in the cement kiln 1 at a maximum temperature of about 1,450 ° C. It is arranged.
The pipe 10 has one end connected to the blower 11 and the other end connected to the burner 8. A storage / quantitative supply device 9 for storing the fuel 12 and supplying it to the pipe 10 is connected to a predetermined point of the pipe 10 (near the blower 11).

In the clinker manufacturing facility shown in FIG. 1, first, a cement raw material 4 is charged into a raw material charging port provided in the upper part of the preheater 2. The cement raw material 4 is preheated and decarboxylated while moving downward in the preheater 2 and the calcining furnace 3, and then moves from the kiln bottom into the cement kiln 1.
The cement raw material gradually moves in the cement kiln 1 having a gentle slope and rotating gently toward the front of the kiln where the burner 8 is disposed, and is fired in the process to become the clinker 7. . The clinker 7 falls into the cooler 6 from before the kiln of the cement kiln 1 and is cooled by the cooler 6 and then discharged.
The temperature inside the cement kiln 1 is controlled so that the maximum temperature of the raw material (the temperature of the raw material near the flame of the burner 8) is about 1,450 ° C. In order to maintain such a high-temperature atmosphere, the fuel 12 of the present invention is introduced into the furnace from the burner 8 in place of or in combination with the pulverized coal that is the main fuel of the cement kiln 1.

The fuel 12 is an amorphous solid fuel having no surface gloss and adhesion due to oil remaining on the particle surface, and is initially accommodated in the storage / quantitative supply device 9. The fuel 12 may be directly supplied to the pipe line 10 from a fuel 12 manufacturing apparatus (not shown) without using the storage / quantitative supply device 9.
The fuel 12 in the storage / quantitative supply device 9 falls into the pipe line 10 at a predetermined supply speed by a supply amount adjusting means such as a rotary feeder provided at the bottom of the storage / quantitative supply device 9. The dropped fuel 12 is moved toward the cement kiln 1 through the pipe 10 at a predetermined flow velocity by the wind pressure from the blower 11, and is sent from the fuel injection port of the burner 8 connected to the end of the pipe 10 to the cement kiln. 1 at a predetermined injection speed.
The fuel 12 introduced into the furnace is completely burned in a short time before landing on the furnace bottom. The combustion residue of the fuel 12 becomes a part of the clinker component. Since the fuel 12 is completely burned before landing, the quality of the clinker is not deteriorated.
As indicated by an arrow A in FIG. 1, the fuel 12 can be supplied from the kiln bottom of the cement kiln 1.

The present invention will be described based on examples.
[Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-3]
[1. Materials used]
The following materials were used.
(1) Biomass (a) Crushed material of main tatami (roast opening: 15 mm)
After crushing the main tatami using a primary crusher (rooster opening: 50 mm) to obtain a crushed material, the crushed material is further crushed using a secondary crusher (roastol opening: 15 mm). A crushed material of a main tatami mat having an average particle size of 0.5 mm or more and an opening size of 10 mm and a residue of 5% by mass or less was prepared.
The bulk density of the crushed material was 0.124 kg / liter. In the present specification, the bulk density means a bulk density (a loose bulk density) in a state where the compaction is not performed.
(B) Crushed material of main tatami (roast opening: 20 mm)
The main tatami is crushed using a primary crusher (roost opening: 20 mm), the average particle size is 0.5 mm or more, and the balance of the sieve having an opening size of 10 mm is 5% by mass or less. A crushed material of a certain tatami mat was prepared.
The bulk density of the crushed material was 0.115 kg / liter.
(C) Crushed material of chemical tatami (roast opening: 20 mm)
The chemical tatami mat is crushed using a primary crusher (rooster opening: 20 mm), the average particle size is 0.5 mm or more, and the balance of the sieve having an opening size of 10 mm is 5% by mass or less. A chemical tatami crushed material was prepared.
The bulk density of the crushed material was 0.065 kg / liter.
(D) Wood chip A wood chip having a particle diameter of about 2 to 5 mm was used.
(E) Sawdust Sawdust having a particle size of about 0.5 to 1 mm was used.

(2) Organic powder (a) Toner A
A toner having a bulk density of 0.22 kg / liter was used.
(B) Toner B
A toner having a bulk density of 0.65 kg / liter was used.
(C) Pulverized coal Pulverized coal having a bulk density of 0.45 kg / liter was used.
(3) Oil mud Heavy oil sludge was used as the oil mud.

[2. Preparation and evaluation of fuel]
(1) Example 1
Crushed material of main tatami (roast opening: 15 mm), 4.2 kg, organic powder (toner A; having an average particle size of 1/3 or less of the average particle size of crushed material of tatami), Then, 6.0 kg of oil mud (mass ratio with respect to the total amount of the crushed material of the main tatami mat and the organic powder is 1: 1), stirred for 15 seconds, and then the properties of the mixture of the crushed material of the main tatami mat and the oil mud The visual quality and the tactile sensation were evaluated. On the surface of this mixture, those having no gloss and adhesion due to oil mud were marked with “◯”, and those having gloss and adhesion due to oil mud were marked with “X”. This evaluation result shows that when the liquid (oil or water excluding solids) in the oil mud is not completely absorbed by the solid material and remains on the surface of the solid material, liquid cross-linking occurs between the inner wall of the pumping tube and the fuel. Since it is known that it adheres and causes the blockage of the pipeline, it was adopted as a criterion for quality. In this case, since the surface was wet, gloss was seen as an evaluation index.
When the evaluation result is “◯”, 1.2 kg of oil mud (mass ratio with respect to the total amount of crushed material of the main tatami mat and organic powder: 0.2) is added to the mixer, and further stirred for 15 seconds. Similarly, the properties of the mixture were evaluated. Thereafter, addition of oil mud and stirring were repeated until the evaluation result was “x”.
As a result, the evaluation result was “◯” until the mass ratio of the oil mud to the crushed material of the main tatami was 1.2. The bulk density of the mixture (fuel of the present invention) when the mass ratio was 1.2 was 0.24 kg / liter.

(2) Example 2
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the toner B was used as the organic powder. The toner B has an average particle size equal to or less than 1/3 of the average particle size of the crushed tatami mat.
(3) Example 3
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that pulverized coal was used as the organic powder. Note that the pulverized coal has an average particle size of 1/3 or less of the average particle size of the crushed material of the main tatami mat.
(4) Example 4
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 kg of crushed main tatami (roastol opening: 15 mm) was used as biomass and 3.0 kg of pulverized coal was used as the organic powder.
(5) Example 5
As the biomass, 4.2 kg of a mixture of crushed material of main tatami (roast opening: 20 mm) and crushed material of chemical tatami (mass ratio 1: 1), and 1.8 kg of pulverized coal as organic powder are used. The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that. Note that the pulverized coal has an average particle size of 1/3 or less of the average particle size of the mixture of the crushed material of the main tatami mat and the crushed material of the chemical tatami mat.
(6) Example 6
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that wood chips were used instead of the crushed material of the main tatami mat (rooster opening: 15 mm). The toner A has an average particle size of 1/3 or less of the average particle size of the wood chips.
(7) Example 7
The experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sawdust was used instead of the crushed material of the main tatami (roast opening: 15 mm). The toner A has an average particle size of 1/3 or less of the average particle size of sawdust.
(8) Comparative Example 1
The experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blended amount of the crushed tatami mat (roast opening: 15 mm) was 6.0 kg and the organic powder (toner A) was not used.
(9) Comparative Example 2
Experiments were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 6.0 kg of wood chips were used as biomass and no organic powder (toner A) was used.
(10) Comparative Example 3
An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 6.0 kg of sawdust was used as biomass and no organic powder (toner A) was used.
The results are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, the evaluation of the presence or absence of gloss and adhesion due to oil mud is simply described as “adhesion evaluation”.

From Table 1, although the fuel (Examples 1-7) of this invention is using the oil mud of 1.0 or more by mass ratio with respect to solid material (biomass and organic powder), oil is on the particle | grain surface. There is no gloss and adhesion of the surface due to residual, excellent handling, and a bulk density of 0.20 kg / liter or more, miniaturization of the storage tank, and fuel using a pipe line It can be seen that the supply efficiency can be improved.
In particular, a fuel using toner as an organic powder (Examples 1 and 2) can be preferably used in that the mass ratio of oil mud to solid material is as large as 1.2 and the usable amount of oil mud is large.
On the other hand, the fuel (Comparative Example 1) that uses the pulverized material of the main tatami mat as the biomass and does not use the organic powder uses 1.0 mass of oil mud with respect to the solid material (biomass). However, it can be seen that the bulk density is as small as 0.15 kg / liter, and it is impossible to reduce the size of the storage tank or improve the fuel supply efficiency using the pipe line.
Moreover, the fuel (Comparative Examples 2 and 3) that uses wood chips or sawdust as biomass and does not use organic powders only uses 1.0 mud in mass ratio to the solid material (biomass). Thus, surface gloss and adhesion are caused by oil remaining on the particle surface.

It is a figure which shows notionally the clinker manufacturing equipment using the fuel of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Firing furnace (cement kiln)
2 Pre-heater 3 Calciner 4 Cement raw material 5 Exhaust gas 6 Cooler 7 Burned product (clinker)
8 Burner 9 Storage / Quantitative supply device 10 Pipe line 11 Blower 12 Fuel

Claims (4)

(A) The average particle size (aperture dimension with a sieve residue within 50% by mass) is 0.5 mm or more, and the maximum particle size (a sieve size with a sieve residue within 5% by mass) is 40 to 95 parts by mass of biomass that is 10 mm or less, (b) 60 to 5 parts by mass of organic powder having an average particle size of 1/2 or less of the average particle size of the biomass (however, (a) + (b) = 100 parts by mass) and (c) an amorphous organic mixture containing 50 to 200 parts by mass of oil mud , and the mass ratio of component (a) to component (b) ((a) / (b)) 50/50 to 80/20 , a cement kiln burner fuel.   The fuel according to claim 1, wherein the component (a) comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of crushed tatami mats, wood chips, wood flour, and sawdust.   The fuel according to claim 2, wherein the component (b) comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of toner, heavy oil ash, pulverized coal, activated carbon powder, meat and bone powder, waste plastic powder, paper powder, and organic distillation residue powder. A fuel usage method, wherein the fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is introduced into a cement kiln through a predetermined pipe line and burned.

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