JP6174703B2 - 水素製造 - Google Patents
水素製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6174703B2 JP6174703B2 JP2015531404A JP2015531404A JP6174703B2 JP 6174703 B2 JP6174703 B2 JP 6174703B2 JP 2015531404 A JP2015531404 A JP 2015531404A JP 2015531404 A JP2015531404 A JP 2015531404A JP 6174703 B2 JP6174703 B2 JP 6174703B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- hydrogen
- gas
- aqueous liquid
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 135
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 132
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 132
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 56
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 327
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 163
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 163
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 14
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 halide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 102000003846 Carbonic anhydrases Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000209 Carbonic anhydrases Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJXWZWXCHBNOOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-diphenylpropyl(1-phenylethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)[NH2+]CCC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NJXWZWXCHBNOOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002668 Pd-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006262 high density polyethylene film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012886 linear function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003712 lysosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001868 lysosomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003470 mitochondria Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000258 photobiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/12—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon dioxide with hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
アノード(酸化) 2H2O → O2+4H++4e− E=−1.23V
カソードで起こる反応は、以下のように表される。
カソード(還元) 4H++4e− → 2H2 E=0.00V
CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O
CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O
a.幅広い二酸化炭素圧力、例えば0.01気圧から100気圧を用いる。
b.幅広い水の温度、例えば0から100℃を用いる。
c.幅広いpH値、例えばpH=0からpH=9を用いる。
d.幅広い電極間電圧、例えば0.1ボルトから50ボルトを用いる。
e.幅広い電極材料、例えば白金、グラファイト、パラジウム、銅、亜鉛、銀、金、および他の金属および非金属材料を用いる。
f.幅広い電解液または水中の溶質、例えば塩化ナトリウム、および他の金属および非金属塩を用いる。
g.電解質として、海水または大洋水(3.5%の塩)、半塩水(0.05から3.5%の塩)、生理的食塩水(3.5から5%の塩)、または塩水(5%を超える塩)を用いる。
h.電解質として、希釈された、または濾過された、海水または大洋水または半塩水、生理的食塩水、または塩水を用いる。
i.二酸化炭素および他のガスからの収集のため、水素を分離するための水素分離セルまたは水素透過膜を用いる。
4OH− → O2+2H2O+4e− E=−0.40V
カソード(還元) 4H++4e− → 2H2
アノード(酸化) 4OH− → O2+2H2O+4e−
4HCO3 − → 4OH−+4CO2
2H2O → O2+4H++4e−
この実験は、最小限の白金電極表面領域を備えた修正ブラウンリーまたは修正ホフマン装置(図1および2参照)において0.01アンペア未満の電流を用いて表1.1および1.2に示されるように様々な電圧で行われた。水素は、電流の開始から10分でppm水素ガスとして定量的に測定された。
この実験は、様々な低電圧および0.01アンペア未満の電流を用いて実施された。水素ガスは、電流の開始後3分で、修正ブラウンリー装置および修正ホフマン装置において、ppmでの水素ガスとして定量的に測定された。最小の白金電極表面領域が使用された。
この実験は、様々な低電圧および0.01アンペア未満の電流で、電解質として1.0Mの塩化ナトリウムを用いて実施された。水素ガスは、電流の開始後3分で、修正ブラウンリー装置および修正ホフマン装置において、ppmでの水素ガスとして定量的に測定された。最小の白金電極表面領域が使用された。
この実験は、電圧5Vおよび0.01アンペア未満の電流で実施された。水素ガスは、10分で、修正ブラウンリー装置および修正ホフマン装置において、ppmでの水素ガスとして定量的に測定された。最小の白金電極表面領域が使用された。
Claims (19)
- (a)水性液体を二酸化炭素を含有するガスに曝す段階であって、前記二酸化炭素が前記ガス中で少なくとも0.01気圧の分圧を有する段階、および
(b)水素を生成するために水性液体に電流を流す段階、
を含み、
水性液体が、それと混合される有機溶媒を含まない、水素製造方法。 - 段階(a)が、二酸化炭素を含有するガスを水性液体に通す段階、または水性液体表面を二酸化炭素を含むガスに曝す段階、またはその両方を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 段階(a)の後にガスが大気に放出され、その結果前記方法が大気中への二酸化炭素の放出を低減する方法である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 段階(a)におけるガスが、産業処理の排出ガスである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- ガスが体積基準で少なくとも95%の二酸化炭素を含む、請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 水性液体が、二酸化炭素に由来しない電解質を含む、請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 電流が、0.1から50Vの電圧の下で適用される、請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 電圧が1.3V未満である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 段階(b)が0.4から4Vの電圧で実施され、アノードで酸素を生成する、請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- オキシ燃料燃焼に酸素を用いる段階をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 電流が20アンペア未満である、請求項1から10の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 段階(b)が、カソードとアノードとの間に電圧を印加する段階を含み、カソードは少なくとも部分的に水性液体に沈められ、アノードは水性液体と電気的に相互に作用する、請求項1から11の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法において生成された水素が、ガス透過膜を通すことによって少なくとも部分的に精製される、請求項1から12の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- (c)メタンおよび水を生成するために、水素を二酸化炭素と反応させる段階、をさらに含む、請求項1から13の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素が化石燃料の燃焼から生じる、請求項1から14の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- プロトン交換膜またはポリマー電解質膜(PEM)を含む電解漕において実施される、請求項1から15の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- (a)水性液体を二酸化炭素を含有するガスに曝す段階であって、前記二酸化炭素が前記ガス中で少なくとも0.01気圧の分圧を有する段階、
(b)水素を生成するために、水性液体に電流を流す段階、および
(c)メタンおよび水を生成するために、水素を二酸化炭素と反応させる段階、
を含み、
水性液体が、それと混合される有機溶媒を含まない、
メタンおよび水の製造方法。 - 電気分解よりも前、および/または電気分解の間、水性液体を二酸化炭素を含有するガスに曝す段階を含み、前記二酸化炭素が、前記ガス中で少なくとも0.01気圧の分圧を有し、前記水性液体が、それと混合される有機溶媒を含まない、水溶液の電気分解において水素生成の速度を増大する方法。
- 二酸化炭素が産業廃棄ガスである、またはそれに由来する、請求項18に記載の方法。
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