JP6120492B2 - 熱中性子炉用制御棒 - Google Patents
熱中性子炉用制御棒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6120492B2 JP6120492B2 JP2012121285A JP2012121285A JP6120492B2 JP 6120492 B2 JP6120492 B2 JP 6120492B2 JP 2012121285 A JP2012121285 A JP 2012121285A JP 2012121285 A JP2012121285 A JP 2012121285A JP 6120492 B2 JP6120492 B2 JP 6120492B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 114
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
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- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BCEYEWXLSNZEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Cd].[In] Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd].[In] BCEYEWXLSNZEFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000588731 Hafnia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical group [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003440 dysprosium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002108 dysprosium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001940 europium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Eu+3].[Eu+3] AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001938 gadolinium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075613 gadolinium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);uranium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[U+4] OOAWCECZEHPMBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001954 samarium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075630 samarium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[U]=O FCTBKIHDJGHPPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Description
(i)炉心が溶融するような場合であっても、制御棒が燃料に先んじて溶融・脱落することを回避するため、大規模な炉心損傷が始まる温度よりも高い溶融温度(融点および構造材との共晶温度)の物質を制御材として採用する。
(ii)熱中性子炉の燃料が溶融、崩落した後においても燃料物質(燃料デブリ)と分離せず、再固化後も互いに固溶するなどして、燃料物質内に留まる(燃料デブリ内に混合する)物質を制御材とする。
(iii)炉停止時の未臨界度裕度を増大するため、従来材よりも大きな熱中性子吸収効果を有する物質を制御材として利用する。
(iv)熱中性子炉の出力運転時に炉心内部や炉心端近傍に配置され、長期に亘って高中性子束場に晒される制御棒部位(出力調整領域)には、従来材(B4CまたはAg−In−Cd合金、Hfなど)を装填し、通常時はこれまで通りの運転制御を行う。
(v)炉心の出力領域から離れ、運転期間を通じて比較的中性子束の低い場に配置される制御棒部位(外側領域)に、上記(1)に示す新型制御材(炉停止用制御材)を装填し、炉停止時(制御棒全挿入時)の停止余裕の増大と制御棒価値の長寿命化を図る。
(vi)運転中の中性子照射による制御棒の各軸方向領域の中性子吸収効果(制御棒価値)の変化を適切に評価し、高中性子場に配置され、制御棒価値が設定条件以下に低下した部位(従来材装荷領域)は適宜交換する一方、低中性子束場に配置され、制御棒価値の低下がほとんどない部位(新型制御材領域)は再利用を図る。
2 炉心
3 出力調整領域
4 運転時出力調整用制御材
5 外側領域
6 炉停止用制御材
Claims (2)
- 熱中性子炉の通常運転時に炉心内に挿入される又は前記炉心近傍の高中性束場に晒される出力調整領域にステンレス鋼製被覆管内に装填された運転時出力調整用制御材と、前記出力調整領域の外側に位置し且つ運転停止時に前記炉心に挿入される外側領域にステンレス鋼製被覆管内に装填された炉停止用制御材とを備え、
前記運転時出力調整用制御材は、前記熱中性子炉が沸騰水型軽水炉の場合には炭化ホウ素であり、前記熱中性子炉が加圧水型軽水炉の場合には銀−インジウム−カドミウム合金であり、
前記炉停止用制御材は、前記運転時出力調整用制御材よりも熱中性子吸収効果が高く、燃料の被覆管が水蒸気との酸化反応によって破損または溶融する温度よりも高い溶融温度を有し、溶融した前記燃料中に溶存し得る、ガドリニウム、サマリウム、ユーロピウム、ジスプロシウムのいずれかの元素の酸化物、またはそれらとハフニウム酸化物との混合物を主成分とすることを特徴とする熱中性子炉用制御棒。 - 前記炉停止用制御材としてさらにZrO2を含む請求項1に記載の熱中性子炉用制御棒。
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JP2018028472A (ja) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-02-22 | 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 | 熱中性子炉制御棒用の制御材及び熱中性子炉制御棒 |
US11289213B2 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2022-03-29 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Control rods for light water reactors |
CN114044672B (zh) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-04-11 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | 控制棒吸收体材料及其制备方法 |
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JPH068872B2 (ja) * | 1985-02-06 | 1994-02-02 | 株式会社東芝 | 原子炉用制御棒 |
US4992225A (en) * | 1988-02-03 | 1991-02-12 | General Electric Company | Water corrosion-resistant ceramic oxide body |
JPH095473A (ja) * | 1995-06-16 | 1997-01-10 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 原子炉制御棒 |
JP2000046980A (ja) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-02-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 原子炉用制御棒 |
JP3779866B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-30 | 2006-05-31 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 沸騰水型原子炉の制御棒及び制御棒用ユニット並びに沸騰水型原子炉の制御棒の製造方法 |
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