JP6114192B2 - ナノグレード粒子の制御された被覆率を有する表面を調製する方法 - Google Patents
ナノグレード粒子の制御された被覆率を有する表面を調製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
の場合、各粒子が表面上で他の粒子に近接して結合できることを意味する。
図4に係る実施形態において、静電的に安定した粒子溶液から静電表面帯電ナノ粒子200に結合する能力を有する平面203がバイアル401に配置される。次いで、表面が帯電した粒子200を有する、塩を含まない、またはほとんど塩を含まない溶液402がバイアルに加えられる。相対的に高い密度を有する塩溶液403が、溶液403と402との間の重力依存相レベルが表面203の下側部分と同じ高さになるように、塩を含まない溶液402の下で注意深く層状にされる。やがて、塩溶液403は塩を含まない溶液402内に拡散し、これにおいてイオン強度の勾配を形成する。
拡散勾配の1次元法によれば、表面は1次元、例えば勾配の一端における結合した粒子の高密度および反対端における低密度で獲得される。図6に係る実施形態において、表面上の粒子の循環勾配の生成が記載される。図6Aは側面図であり、図6Bは上面図である。
結合した粒子を有する勾配領域は通常、1〜50mm、例えば1〜10mmの間である。この表面上で、生体高分子を用いる吸着実験および細胞を用いる接着実験が実施されてもよい。次いでこの実験の結果は単位面積当たり結合した粒子の連続勾配に相関し得る。簡単な生体高分子吸着実験において、高感度表面の光学的方法を使用することが可能である。全細胞を含む実験において、光学顕微鏡検査法が細胞の詳細な研究のために使用されてもよく、同様に蛍光顕微鏡法が詳細な研究のために使用されてもよい。
11×20mmのサイズを有する金表面を、SiO2の基板上で最初に5nmのCrおよび次いで200nmのAuを蒸発させることにより測定した。それらを洗浄し、詳細[1,8]に記載されている手順に従ってジチオールの単分子層を提供した。手短に述べると、純金表面を、オクタンジチオール入りのエタノール溶液中でインキュベートし、それらをジチオスレイトール(DDT)と反応させた。約10nm直径の金粒子を有する電気的に安定化した金粒子溶液を、詳細[1,8]に記載されている手順に従って製造した。溶液中のイオン強度を減少させ、粒子の濃度を増加させるために金溶液を16000gで遠心分離した。遠心分離後、金粒子ペレットを、18.2MΩ*cmの導電率で純水中で約55nMの粒子濃度に希釈した。この粒子溶液を、図5に従って製造した勾配を設計した容器に移し、その後、複数のジチオールで調製した表面を、底までの同じ特定の距離で同じ溶液内に入れた。その後、1Mの濃度およびpH4.0でクエン酸塩緩衝液を勾配容器の底に入れ、表面の下側の空間を緩衝液で満たした。次いでクエン酸緩衝液を、30分の間、表面にわたって拡散させ、その後、勾配容器の下から溶液を排出することによってその手順を停止した。異なる適用において、50mMの濃度を有するクエン酸緩衝液を表面の下側に適用し、90分未満、拡散させ、その結果として、30分下で1M緩衝液で得たものと比較して少ない傾きを有するより長い勾配を得た。勾配表面上の異なる位置でSEMを用いて表面を分析した。選択した写真を図11に示す。
10nmの金ナノ粒子を有する線形勾配を、ジチオール化学により実施例1に記載したように調製した。基板として、約50nmのAuの薄層を蒸発させたガラス表面を使用した。これらの表面は、表面プラズモン共鳴、SPRによる分析に好適であり、勾配の測定後、表面を、[17]に詳細に記載されている画像化SPR用の機器に入れた。2つの異なる勾配を分析した(図12を参照のこと)。50mMクエン酸緩衝液で調製した1つの勾配を90分間(「長い」勾配)拡散させ、1Mクエン酸緩衝液で調製した1つの勾配を30分間(「短い」勾配)拡散させた。各々の粒子勾配をまた、分散した粒子間の生体接着を最小化するためにマレイミド−PEGと反応させ、生体接着を促進するために疎水性の粒子で表面を生成する粒子の上のオクタンチオールと反応させた。各勾配表面上で、約1×5mmの領域を分析した。これらの領域において、勾配の全ての本質的な部分を撮像した。SPRは3Dグラフに示される長さであり、z軸は金ナノ粒子の表面被覆率に比例する。図13において、「短い」勾配のライン走査は、陽性対照表面(この場合、オクタンジチオールでのみ表面が修飾された)、ならびにオクタンジチオールおよびマレイミド−PEGで修飾された陰性対照表面についてライン走査と共に示される。各ライン走査は表面の全ての走査の平均を表す。
10nmの金ナノ粒子を有する「短い」勾配を、SPR分析用に設計した金表面上に製造し、次いで上記の実施例2に従ってマレイミド−PEGおよびオクタンチオールにより修飾した。これは、PEGを受け付けないタンパク質のバックグランドに対して疎水性粒子の勾配を与える。表面をiSPRで分析した。連続して、フィブリノゲン(PBS中の0.5mg/ml)を5分間、次いで血小板(健康なドナー由来の本質的に血清を含まない調製物)を30分間、勾配、陽性対照表面(ジチオールのみ)、および陰性対照表面(マレイミド−PEGと共にジチオールで修飾した)を有する表面に吸着した。図14において、フィブリノゲンおよび血小板吸着からの反応を勾配表面および正に制御した表面について示した。青色の曲線はフィブリノゲンの吸着を示し、緑色の曲線はフィブリノゲンおよび血小板の両方からの蓄積した反応を示す。図13に示したものに対応する、下側の表面からの反応は、図14の結果から減算される。正の表面は、表面にわたって均一にフィブリノゲンおよび血小板の両方を吸着するのに対して、勾配表面は、徐々にタンパク質および血小板の両方を吸着することに留意されたい。負に制御した表面は顕著な反応を示さない。血小板吸着後、表面をPBS緩衝液で洗浄し、2%グルタルアルデヒドで15分間固定した。通常のプロトコルに従って表面を染色(アクチン骨格による染色)し、表面の異なる位置において蛍光顕微鏡検査法で分析した。図15は、高い(A)および低い(B)粒子被覆率を有するそれぞれ位置の代表的な血小板を示す。
10nmの金ナノ粒子を有する「長い」勾配を、上記の実施例2に従ってマレイミド−PEGおよびオクタンチールで修飾した金表面上に製造した。これは、PEGを受け付けないタンパク質のバックグランドに対して疎水性粒子を有する勾配を与える。縁に沿って細長い突起のある(fimbriated)大腸菌を静止状態下で表面に吸着させ、10分間、制御した洗浄液に曝露した。残っている細菌をアクリジンオレンジおよびDAPIで染色し、その後、拡大鏡および蛍光顕微鏡下で表面を分析した。図16は、正の制御表面(オクタンチオール)および負の制御表面(マレイミド−PEGとともにジチオールで修飾した)と共にアクリジンオレンジで染色した吸着した大腸菌の勾配表面の一部を低倍率で示す。勾配の異なる位置におけるナノ粒子の表面被覆率をSEMにより決定した。相対表面被覆率を各画像で示す。挿入した画像は、高倍率でDAPで染色した2つの細菌を示す。細菌の分布は20%表面被覆率で劇的に変化する。
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Claims (10)
- 固体表面(203)に沿って堆積され、帯電したナノ粒子(200)の連続勾配を調製する方法であって、前記表面(203)の単位面積当たりの堆積され、帯電したナノ粒子(200)の数は、前記表面の一端において相対的に多く、前記表面の他端において相対的に少なく、堆積時に、堆積した粒子間の距離は、溶液(402)中の前記ナノ粒子間の静電反発力により調節され、前記溶液(402)中の粒子の静電反発力の程度は、ナノ粒子を含む前記溶液(402)中の塩溶液(403)の拡散により得られることを特徴とする、方法。
- 前記塩溶液(403)の拡散が、ナノ粒子を含む、塩を含まない溶液(402)の層の下で相対的に高い密度および濃度を有する塩溶液の層を形成することにより得られ、前記連続勾配が拡散時間および前記塩溶液(403)中の塩の濃度により調節される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記塩溶液(403)の拡散が、ナノ粒子の懸濁液(602)と接触して配置されるリザーバ(603)内に前記塩溶液(403)を維持することにより得られ、前記懸濁液は、ナノ粒子の拡散を可能にするが、対流を抑制するマトリクスをさらに含み、前記ナノ粒子の懸濁液(602)は前記固体表面(203)と接触する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子(200)が、金属、セラミック、または高分子材料からなる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記固体表面(203)が、金属、セラミック、または高分子材料からなる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノ粒子(200)と前記表面(203)との間の結合力が、共有結合、クーロン相互作用、金属結合、ファンデルワールス結合、水素結合、双極子間結合またはイオン双極子結合を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面(203)が、結合したジチオール試薬を有する金であり、前記ナノ粒子(200)が、前記金の表面に結合したジチオール分子のチオール基に共有結合する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 負に帯電しているが、表面に結合していない粒子(604)が、表面に結合しているナノ粒子(200)と混合される、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面(203)に第1の別の表面(801)および第2の別の表面(802)を付加する工程をさらに含み、前記第1の別の表面(801)は前記ナノ粒子(200)と同様の表面化学的性質を有し、前記第2の別の表面(802)は前記表面(203)と同様の表面化学的性質を有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面(203)に目盛り(702、703、704)を付与する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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JP2013541410A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
ES2663833T3 (es) | 2018-04-17 |
CN103180055B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
DK2608896T3 (en) | 2018-03-26 |
US10274415B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
SE1050866A1 (sv) | 2012-02-25 |
JP6462746B2 (ja) | 2019-01-30 |
JP2017189764A (ja) | 2017-10-19 |
CN103180055A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
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