JP6111267B2 - ピストンリング - Google Patents
ピストンリング Download PDFInfo
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- JP6111267B2 JP6111267B2 JP2014551634A JP2014551634A JP6111267B2 JP 6111267 B2 JP6111267 B2 JP 6111267B2 JP 2014551634 A JP2014551634 A JP 2014551634A JP 2014551634 A JP2014551634 A JP 2014551634A JP 6111267 B2 JP6111267 B2 JP 6111267B2
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- piston ring
- ring according
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- individual layers
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000541 cathodic arc deposition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017150 AlTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007736 thin film deposition technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N (2S)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropansäure Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019590 Cr-N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019588 Cr—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009643 growth defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/26—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction characterised by the use of particular materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
- C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J9/00—Piston-rings, e.g. non-metallic piston-rings, seats therefor; Ring sealings of similar construction
- F16J9/12—Details
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Description
アーク蒸着は、PVD技術の一形態である。この方法では、導電性でなければならない蒸発材料が、固体プレート(ターゲット)として任意の配置で真空室中に導入され、そしてカソードとして作用させる。アノードとカソードとの間の電圧の生起により、アーク放電が生じる。アーク放電はカードを介して移動し、そしてその際、ごく少量の材料を蒸発させる。その場合、気化装置のパワーは気化装置の電流によって調節される。その高いエネルギー密度に基づいて、大きな面積が溶融することなく材料は直接蒸発される。真空室と基板との間にはバイアス電圧が付与されるため、金属イオンはコーティングされる基板の方向で加速される。そこでは、金属イオンが導入された反応ガス(例えば、窒素)と反応し、そして薄い窒素化された硬質層として基板上に堆積する。蒸気のローブの形態で高濃度のプラズマが形成され、これはコーティングすべき基板を通って誘導される。
−径100mmのターゲットの場合のコーティングプロセスにおける放電条件の適応: 40〜200A
好ましくは、この気化装置の形状の場合の気化装置の電流は50〜150A、特に好ましくは80〜90Aである。
反応ガス圧力: 1〜10Pa窒素、好ましくは2〜8Pa。
− 非常に低い反応圧力0.1〜0.9Paの場合、より大きな小滴が放出され、そして小滴の数が増大する。
− 非常に高い圧力>10Pa〜50Paの場合、イオンが熱化され、そして層の成長に好ましくない影響を及ぼす。熱化とは、衝撃による周囲への粒子の速度の調節を意味する。
実施形態について:
− 構造: CrN/AlTiN
− 個別層の厚さは40〜80nm(周期80〜160nm)
− 多層(CrN−個別層+AlTiN−個別層)の元素組成
CrN/AlN: −0.94GPa; CrN/ATiN: −1.08GPa
2 トレッド
10 基板
12 垂線
20 摩耗保護層
22 層
23 層
24 多層
25 周期
30 小滴
31a,b レベル面
32 シェルの円
34 コア領域
36 小滴のシェル
Claims (30)
- 基板(10)及び該基板に施用される、融点Tm≦700℃である、少なくとも一種の第一の元素を有する摩耗保護層(20)を有するピストンリング(1)であって、
該摩耗保護層(20)中に、融点Tm>760℃である、少なくとも一種の第二の元素が含有され、そして、
該摩耗保護層(20)中に径Dを有する小滴(30)が設けられ、該小滴は、該少なくとも一種の第一の元素を含有し、その際、該小滴(30)の少なくとも90%が、値1μm≦D≦10μmを有することを特徴とする、上記のピストンリング。 - 前記第一の元素が、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、テルル、タリウム、スズ、ビスマス又は硫黄であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のピストンリング。
- 前記第二の元素が、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、鉄、ケイ素又はセリウムであることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のピストンリング。
- 前記摩耗保護層(20)が、少なくとも一種の金属窒化物からなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 前記摩耗保護層(20)が周期的に形成された多層系からなり、その際、各周期(25)は、金属窒化物からなる少なくとも二種の個別層(22、23)からなり、そして、該周期の少なくとも一種の個別層(22、23)は、少なくとも一種の低融点元素及び少なくとも一種の高融点元素を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 前記個別層(22、23)が、Ti、Zr、HF、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo及びWからなる群からの少なくとも一種の金属の窒化物を有することを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のピストンリング。
- 前記周期の個別層(22、23)の1つが、AlTiNからなることを特徴とする、請求項5又は6に記載のピストンリング。
- 前記周期の個別層(22、23)の1つが、CrNからなることを特徴とする、請求項5〜7のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 前記多層系の周期が、47〜55重量%Cr、19〜25重量%N、10〜19重量%Al及び10〜14重量%TiのAlTiN及びCrNからなる少なくとも二種の個別層からなり、その際、該重量%の値は該摩耗保護層(20)の全重量に基づくことを特徴とする、請求項7又は8に記載のピストンリング。
- 1つの層(20−2)又は前記周期(25)の個別層(22、23)中に、1〜90重量%の割合で前記二種の元素が含有されることを特徴とする、請求項5又は6に記載のピストンリング。
- 前記摩耗保護層(20)が、陰極アーク蒸着法を用いて設けられることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 超格子層を構築するための個別層(22、23)の厚さが、5nm〜15nmであることを特徴とする、請求項5〜8のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 超格子層を構築するための個別層(22、23)の厚さが、8〜15nmであることを特徴とする、請求項5〜8のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 超格子層を構築するための個別層(22、23)の厚さが、10nm〜15nmであることを特徴とする、請求項5〜8のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 多層系を構築するための個別層(22、23)の厚さが、15〜500nmであることを特徴とする、請求項5〜8のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 多層系を構築するための個別層(22、23)の厚さが、30〜200nmであることを特徴とする、請求項5〜8のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 多層系を構築するための個別層(22、23)の厚さが、30〜80nmであることを特徴とする、請求項5〜8のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 前記摩耗保護層(20)の厚さが、10〜60μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜17のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 前記摩耗保護層(20)の厚さが、20〜60μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜17のいずれか1つに記載のピストンリング。
- 請求項1に記載のピストンリングの、内燃エンジンにおける使用。
- 少なくとも1つのターゲットによるアーク蒸着法を用いた請求項1に記載のピストンリングの、基板(10)上の、小滴を有する摩耗保護層(20)を製造する方法であり、該ターゲットが、ターゲット材料を有し、気化され、そして、反応ガス由来のガス雰囲気中で該基板上に蒸着される該方法であって、前記ターゲット材料が、融点Tm≦700℃を有する少なくとも一種の第一の元素及び融点Tm>760℃を有する少なくとも一種の第二の元素を有し、その際、前記ターゲット材料の融点Tmが、Tm≧1000℃であるような量で該第二の元素が前記ターゲット材料中に含有されることを特徴とする、上記の方法。
- 前記アーク蒸着法が、カソードアーク蒸着法であることを特徴とする、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の元素として、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、テルル、タリウム、スズ又はビスマス又は硫黄が使用されることを特徴とする、請求項21又は22に記載の方法。
- 前記第二の元素として、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、鉄、ケイ素又はセリウムが使用されることを特徴とする、請求項21〜23のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- ターゲット材料が使用され、その際、該材料が1〜90重量%の割合で前記第二の元素を有することを特徴とする、請求項21〜24のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 反応ガスとして、窒素が投入されることを特徴とする、請求項21〜25のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 前記反応ガスの圧力が、1〜10Paに調節されることを特徴とする、請求項21〜26のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 蒸発器の電流が40〜200Aに調節されることを特徴とする、請求項21〜27のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- バイアス電圧が5〜200Vに調節されることを特徴とする、請求項21〜28のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
- 40〜50重量%Ti及び残部のAlを有するターゲットが使用されることを特徴とする、請求項21〜29のいずれか1つに記載の方法。
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BR102013031138B1 (pt) * | 2013-12-03 | 2020-10-27 | Mahle International Gmbh | anel de pistão |
DE102014213822A1 (de) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-21 | Federal-Mogul Burscheid Gmbh | Gleitelement, insbesondere Kolbenring, und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
JP6557583B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-30 | 2019-08-07 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 内燃機関用ピストンおよび内燃機関用ピストンの製造方法 |
US10030773B2 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2018-07-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston ring |
BR102016007169B1 (pt) * | 2016-03-31 | 2023-01-10 | Mahle International Gmbh | Anel de pistão para motores de combustão interna, processo para obtenção de anel de pistão e motor de combustão interna |
BR102016015392A2 (pt) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-16 | Mahle Metal Leve S.A. | Sliding element for internal combustion engines |
KR102089670B1 (ko) | 2018-03-27 | 2020-04-23 | 주식회사 금용 | 멀티형 영농 살포기 |
KR102141171B1 (ko) | 2018-10-19 | 2020-08-04 | 주식회사 금용 | 탑재형 광범위 약제살포기용 분사기 |
CN112095079B (zh) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-02-11 | 东莞市华升真空镀膜科技有限公司 | 阴极磁场调制的硬质涂层刀具及其制备方法和应用 |
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BR112014017044A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
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IN2014DN05820A (ja) | 2015-07-10 |
EP2802678A2 (de) | 2014-11-19 |
US20180259069A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
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JP2015510567A (ja) | 2015-04-09 |
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