JP6074427B2 - 蛍光画像を用いて明視野画像を生成するためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
蛍光画像を用いて明視野画像を生成するためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
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- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
- G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
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Description
Her2/neu:乳癌及び胃癌のおいて過剰に発現する上皮増殖因子、モノクローナル抗体による治療は腫瘍の増殖を遅らせる
EGF−R/erbB:上皮増殖因子受容体
ER:一部の乳癌の腫瘍の増殖に必要であり、核中に位置しており、陽性患者においてエストロゲンを制限する療法を決定するためにISHで検出されるエストロゲン受容体
PR:DNAに結合するホルモンであるプロゲステロン受容体
AR:アンドロゲン受容体はアンドロゲン依存性腫瘍増殖に関与する
P53:腫瘍抑制遺伝子は、DNAの損傷を感知し、ヒトの癌の50%で不活性されている
β−カテニン:癌の発癌遺伝子は、細胞膜から核に転位し、細胞付着において、及び潜在遺伝子調節タンパク質としての両方で機能する
ホスホ−β−カテニン:βカテニンのリン酸化体は、サイトゾル中で分解し、核に転位しない
GSK3β:Wnt経路中のグリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ−3βタンパク質は、β−カテニンをリン酸化して、ホスホ−β−カテニンとし、プロトソーム中で急速に分解する
PKCβ:メディエータGタンパク質結合受容体
NFKβ:核に転位した際の炎症に関する核因子カッパBマーカー
Bcl−2:B細胞リンパ腫発癌遺伝子2は、アポトーシス阻害剤として作用する
サイクリンD:細胞周期の制御
VEGF:血管形成に関する血管上皮増殖因子
E−カドヘリン:上皮細胞で発現する細胞−細胞相互作用分子であり、その機能は上皮癌で失われる
c−met:チロシンキナーゼ受容体
この段階では、コンパートメント情報を保有する1種以上の追加の蛍光形態学的マーカーを含むこともできる。このマーカーは、次の段階と共通の情報を保有するように選択され、逐次染色が含まれる場合には画像を位置合わせするために用いられる。その場合、生物学的試料の領域は、ヘマトキシリン及びエオシン(H&E)色素等の明視野色空間で可視的である1つ以上の形態学的マーカーで再標識され、再びイメージングされる。
ケラチン:上皮細胞に対するマーカー
Pan−カドヘリン:細胞膜に対するマーカー
平滑筋アクチン:筋肉に対するマーカー
DAPI:核に対するマーカー
ヘマトキシリン:DNAに対するマーカー(青色染色剤)
エオシン:細胞質に対するマーカーであり、pHに依存する(赤色染色剤)
これらの形態学的マーカーの一部を、明視野顕微鏡を用いてイメージングすることができ、一部を蛍光顕微鏡でイメージングすることができる。いずれの場合にも、形態学的マーカーは前の段階と共通の情報を有するように選択される。例えば、前の段階で核をイメージングするためにDAPIが用いられる場合、次の段階では明視野顕微鏡下で核をイメージングするためにヘマトキシリンを用いることができる。両方とも同じコンパートメントを染色することから、画像の位置合わせ技法により画像を合わせることができる。核染色剤であるDAPIを追加の蛍光形態学的マーカーとして用いて、明視野画像においてヘマトキシリンで染色された核を蛍光画像と位置合わせすることができる。ハードウェア及びソフトウェア位置合わせ技法の両方を用いて試料領域の画像が重ね合わされて情報が記憶され、それによる技術的効果は、位置合わせ又は別の方法で試料領域のマルチチャンネル画像を生成することである。
R=255exp(−a[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−a[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...)
G=255exp(−b[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−b[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...)
B=255exp(−c[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−c[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...)
式中、スカラーz[Dye1]、z[Dy2]、...は、所定のピクセル位置で観測される蛍光色素の分位値である。3つの数(a[Dyen]、b[Dyen]、c[Dyen])は、予め選択した色又は所望の色を用いて定義した仮想染色におけるn番目の色素の減衰係数の定数倍である。出力色値(R、G、B)が画像において読取り可能な範囲のコントラストを表示することができるように定数が選択される。
min(exp(−a[Dyen]*z[Dyen]),exp(−b[Dyen]*z[Dyen]),exp(−c[Dyen]*z[Dyen]))=1/255
となるように定数が選択される。この実施形態では、出力色のダイナミックレンジで8ビット画像の可能なダイナミックレンジがほとんど満たされ、結果として強いコントラストが生じる。
実施例:細胞ペレット試料に関する仮想染色と実際のDAB染色との比較
細胞の遠心分離、細胞のアガロースゲル中への固定、ホルマリン固定、及び抗原賦活化により、異なるレベルの発現を示す15のヒト細胞株の試料を調製した。次いで、従来の免疫ペルオキシダーゼ+DAB染色を用いて、及び直接コンジュゲートした蛍光抗体により細胞ペレットの連続切片を調製し、両抗体は、ヒト上皮成長因子受容体(EGFR)を対象にしている。DAB染色試料はヘマトキシリンで対比染色し、明視野顕微鏡を用いてカラーでイメージングした。免疫蛍光試料はDAPIで対比染色し、DAPIで及び蛍光抗体の波長で、自動化蛍光顕微鏡においてイメージングした。
R=255exp[−0.8EGFRlog(255)−0.6DAPIlog(255)]
G=255exp[−1.0EGFRlog(255)−1.0DAPIlog(255)]
B=255exp[−1.428EGFRlog(255)−0.34DAPIlog(255)]
(式中、EGFRは免疫蛍光波長においてスケーリングしたピクセル強度を表し、DAPIはDAPI波長においてスケーリングしたピクセル強度を表す)を用いてVSIを作成した。
Claims (16)
- 明視野染色プロトコルに類似する明視野型画像を生成する方法であって、当該方法が、
生物学的試料上の所定領域の2つ以上の蛍光画像の画像データを取得する段階、
特徴ベース情報又はピクセル強度データ情報を少なくとも部分的に利用して画像データを解析することにより、非線形推定モデルを含むマッピングパラメータを生成する段階、
前記マッピングパラメータを蛍光画像に適用する段階、
2つ以上の蛍光画像を明視野色空間に変換する段階、及び
明視野型画像を生成する段階
を含んでおり、
前記非線形推定モデルが、
R=255exp(−a[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−a[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...a[Dyen]z[Dyen])
G=255exp(−b[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−b[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...)
B=255exp(−c[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−c[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...)
(式中、R、G及びBは前記明視野型画像で生じる赤色、緑色及び青色のピクセル値であり、
zは所定のピクセル位置で観測される蛍光色素量に関するスケーリング係数であり、
a、b及びcは前記明視野色空間に対応する減衰係数であり、
a[Dyen]、b[Dyen]、c[Dyen]の3つの数は、予め選択した色又は所望の色を用いて定義した仮想染色におけるn番目の色素の減衰係数の定数倍である)として定義される、方法。 - 定数[Dyen]が、
min(exp(−a[Dyen]*z[Dyen]),exp(−b[Dyen]*z[Dyen]),exp(−c[Dyen]*z[Dyen]))=1/255
となるように選択される、請求項1記載の方法。 - 鮮明化変換補正を前記明視野型画像に適用することを更に含む、請求項1又は請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記鮮明化変換補正が畳み込みフィルタを含み、畳み込みフィルタのカーネルが以下の行列である、請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記明視野型画像が赤色、緑色及び青色の3チャンネル色空間を有する免疫染色型画像に対応する、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記2つ以上の蛍光画像の内の1つ以上の画像が自己蛍光性である、請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記明視野画像を取得する段階が、前記生物学的試料を2つ以上の組織化学的染色剤又は免疫組織化学的染色剤で逐次に染色する段階を含む、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記特徴ベース情報が核、上皮及び間質から成る群から選択される1つ以上の特徴を含む、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか記載の方法。
- マッピングパラメータを第2の所定領域の2つ以上の蛍光画像に適用する段階であって、前記第2の所定領域は同じ生物学的試料又は異なる生物学的試料に由来する段階を更に含む、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記明視野型画像を用いて定量解析する段階を更に含む、請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか記載の方法。
- 前記定量解析する段階が、分子経路を核、上皮及び間質から成る群から選択される1つ以上の形態学的構造の関数として識別することを含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 蛍光画像を用いて、生物学的試料の明視野染色プロトコルに類似する明視野型画像を生成するための画像解析システムであって、当該システムが、
生物学的試料上の所定領域の2つ以上の蛍光画像を取得するように構成されているデジタルイメージング装置と、
処理装置であって、
特徴ベース情報又はピクセル強度データ情報を少なくとも部分的に利用して画像データを解析することにより、非線形推定モデルを含むマッピングパラメータを生成し、
前記マッピングパラメータを前記蛍光画像に適用し、
前記2つ以上の蛍光画像を明視野色空間に変換し、
明視野型画像を生成するように構成されている処理装置と、
前記明視野画像を表示する表示装置と
を含んでおり、
前記非線形モデルが、
R=255exp(−a[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−a[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...a[Dyen]z[Dyen])
G=255exp(−b[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−b[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...)
B=255exp(−c[Dye1]*z[Dye1]−c[Dye2]z[Dye2]−...)
(式中、R、G及びBは前記明視野型画像で生じる赤色、緑色及び青色のピクセル値であり、
zは所定のピクセル位置で観測される蛍光色素量に関するスケーリング係数であり、
a、b及びcは前記明視野色空間に対応する減衰係数であり、
a[Dyen]、b[Dyen]、c[Dyen]の3つの数は、予め選択した色又は所望の色を用いて定義した仮想染色におけるn番目の色素の減衰係数の定数倍である)として定義される、システム。 - 前記定数[Dyen]が、
min(exp(−a[Dyen]*z[Dyen]),exp(−b[Dyen]*z[Dyen]),exp(−c[Dyen]*z[Dyen]))=1/255
となるように選択される、請求項12記載のシステム。 - 鮮明化変換補正を前記明視野型画像に適用することを更に含む、請求項12又は請求項13記載のシステム。
- 前記鮮明化変換補正は畳み込みフィルタを含み、畳み込みフィルタのカーネルが以下の行列である、請求項14記載のシステム。
- 前記処理装置が、既に分析した1つ以上の生物学的試料由来のマッピングパラメータを記憶するように更に構成されている、請求項12乃至請求項15のいずれか1項記載のシステム。
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