JP6045803B2 - School building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a school building, and more particularly, to a school building in which a classroom, a hallway, and other facilities are constructed of a wooden structure.

  Conventionally, school buildings such as school buildings are often constructed with RC structures in order to place importance on earthquake resistance and fire resistance and reduce construction costs. Moreover, in the conventional school building, the indoor environment in the classroom is not considered so much, and it has become an inorganic environment compared with the indoor environment of a general house. Therefore, wooden school buildings that use timber, a sustainable resource, have been proposed to reduce the mental and physical burden on children. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes that a small space (den) built with logs of thinned wood is installed in a spare classroom, and is used as a place to calm and feel like a hideout for children. .

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, "School of wood with warmth and moisture" School of Japan, Japan Educational Facilities Association, December 21, 2007, page 104

  However, like conventional RC school buildings, most wooden school buildings have a structure in which the classroom and the corridor are separated by a single wall. No consideration was given to the fact that the environment could deteriorate and the student's calmness could affect the student's mental and physical impact. In addition, since the hallway and the classroom were directly connected, there was no room for the students entering and leaving the hallway to change their moods and make preparations. In addition, in the conventional classroom, the outdoor side (window side) is very bright, while the corridor side is dark, so the illuminance difference in the classroom is large, which puts a burden on the eyes of students and teachers. Therefore, the development of a school building with a good classroom environment that children can learn at home is desired.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and provides a school building that can reduce the influence on the classroom due to the noise of the hallway and the like, and can reduce the difference in illuminance in the classroom. Is an issue.

The present invention is a wooden school building having a buffer space between a classroom and a hallway, wherein the buffer space includes an atrium portion that guides sunlight taken from a space above the roof to the classroom, the classroom and the hallway. possess a small room that also serves as a passage connecting the ceiling surface of the classroom is supported by a plurality of wooden truss beams that are laid between the walls facing the space between the truss beams, the blow It functions as a light duct that guides sunlight from the section to the classroom, and the wall on the opposite side of the corridor of the classroom is a window section facing the outdoors, and from the upper part of the window section to the outdoor side and the indoor side An extending heel part, and a light transmission part provided between the ceiling surface of the classroom and the heel part, wherein the heel part receives sunlight reflected on the upper surface of the heel part. It is configured to illuminate the ceiling surface .

According to such a configuration, in a wooden school building, it has an atrium and a small room as a buffer space between the classroom and the hallway, so the atmosphere that calms the classroom apart from the classroom and hallway Can be. In addition, since the students enter and leave the classroom through the wooden small room, the wooden small room can function as a front door of the house, so that the student can be calmed and encouraged to change their mood. Moreover, since sunlight can be taken into the classroom through the corridor on the corridor side, the illuminance difference in the classroom can be reduced.
Moreover, according to such a structure, since the ceiling surface is supported by a highly rigid wooden truss beam, it can be constructed with a wooden structure even in a large space such as a classroom. Moreover, since the space between the wooden truss beams functions as an optical duct that guides sunlight from the atrium to the classroom, the illuminance difference in the classroom can be further reduced.
In addition, according to such a configuration, the amount of sunlight that directly illuminates the interior of the classroom from the window portion and the light transmission portion is reduced by the flange portion that extends from the upper portion of the window portion to the outdoor side and the indoor side, and Since the ceiling surface is illuminated by the light reflected on the top surface of the light, sunlight can be softened like indirect lighting, and the illuminance difference in the classroom can be further reduced.

The present invention is a wooden school building having a buffer space between a classroom and a hallway,
The buffer space has an atrium that guides sunlight taken from the roof space to the classroom, and a small room that also serves as a passage connecting the classroom and the hallway, and the combination of the classroom and the buffer space is the A plurality of adjoining along the corridor, a part of the corridor is widened to a width dimension substantially the same as the classroom over a combination of the classroom and the buffer space, constituting an open space The small rooms are provided on one end side and the other end side of the classroom across the atrium, and each small room has a first door that shields between the classroom and the small room, a hallway, And a second door that shields between the small rooms .

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the school building which can reduce the influence on a classroom by the noise of a corridor etc. and can make the illumination intensity difference in a classroom small can be provided.

It is a vertical sectional view of a school building. It is the II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. It is the perspective view which notched and showed the classroom, the hallway, and the buffer space partially. It is the perspective view which looked at the small room of the front side from the classroom side. It is the perspective view which looked at the rear small room from the corridor side.

  The school building which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to drawings. In the description, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Further, the direction will be described based on the front, rear, left, right, top and bottom described in the drawings.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the school building 1 according to the present embodiment is a wooden three-story school building constructed by a frame wall method (two-by-four method). The school building 1 includes a plurality of classrooms 2, a hallway 3 serving as a passage, and a buffer space 4 provided between the classroom 2 and the hallway 3. The buffer space 4 has an atrium 5 that guides sunlight taken from the space above the roof of the school building 1 to the classroom 2 and small rooms 6 and 6 that also serve as a passage connecting the classroom 2 and the hallway 3. A reinforcing wall 11 for reinforcement is provided on the outer side of the outer wall of the school building 1. The reinforcing wall 11 is connected to the floor slab 8 via the connecting member 9.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the classroom 2 is a space that is surrounded by walls on all sides and formed in a quadrangular shape in plan view, and is basically constructed by a wooden frame wall construction method without columns and beams. ing. The front wall 21 of the classroom 2 includes a blackboard 21a and a storage portion 21b. Further, the rear wall 22 of the classroom 2 includes a storage portion 22a. The right wall 23 of the classroom 2 includes entrances 61 and 61 on the front side and the rear side. The entrances 61 and 61 communicate with the small rooms 6 and 6. The left wall 24 of the classroom 2 is an outer wall facing the outside opposite to the hallway 3 and includes a window portion 24a, a collar portion 7, and a light transmitting portion 24b. The front wall 21, the rear wall 22, the right wall 23, and the left wall 24 are provided with high-strength load-bearing walls having strength performance that is three times or more that of a normal wooden load-bearing wall in place.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the hallway 3 is a passage through which a user of the school building 1 passes. In the present embodiment, the hallway 3 is formed with a width dimension substantially equal to that of the classroom 2, and is partially divided by a wall 31 for each of the three classrooms 2 (for example, every grade). A portion between the walls 31 is an open space 32, which is used for multiple purposes.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the atrium 5 is a rectangular space (see FIG. 2) provided between the classroom 2 and the corridor 3, and communicates from the roof of the school building 1 to the first floor. Yes. In other words, the blow-through portion 5 is configured by a cylindrical body that extends from the first floor to the roof through a plurality of floor slabs. On the roof at the upper end of the atrium 5, a skylight 51 for taking in light is installed. The wall around the blow-off portion 5 is finished with a color or material that easily reflects light. Moreover, the opening part 52 used as the passage of light is formed in the wall around the blow-off part 5, respectively. Among these, the sunlight is inserted into the classroom 2 through the opening 52 on the classroom 2 side. Thereby, the illumination intensity by the side of the corridor 3 of the classroom 2 improves. The opening 52 is provided with a turning window that opens and closes around a horizontal axis.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the floor slab 8 of the school building 1 is a member constituting a horizontal surface of the frame wall construction method, and a plurality of wooden truss beams 81 and a ceiling material attached to the lower side of the truss beams 81. 82 and a floor board 83 attached to the upper side of the truss beam 81. The plurality of truss beams 81 are installed between the right wall 23 and the left wall 24 with a space between each other, and are excellent in walking vibration suppression performance and sound insulation. A space 81 a between adjacent truss beams 81 communicates with the atrium 5, and functions as an optical duct that guides sunlight incident from the atrium 5 to the classroom 2. The upper surface of the ceiling material 82 and the lower surface of the floor board 83 are finished with a color or material that easily reflects light. The ceiling material 82 constitutes the ceiling surface of the classroom 2 and includes an opening 82a in the vicinity of the center in the left-right direction. Thereby, the illumination intensity of the center part vicinity of the left-right direction of the classroom 2 improves.

  The eaves part 7 is provided between the window part 24a and the light transmission part 24b of the left wall 24 facing the outdoors. The collar part 7 is provided with the outdoor part 7a extended to the outdoor side, and the indoor part 7b extended to the indoor side. The sunlight reflected by the upper surface of the outdoor part 7a illuminates the ceiling surface of the classroom 2 through the light transmission part 24b. Moreover, the sunlight reflected by the upper surface of the indoor part 7b after passing through the light transmission part 24b also illuminates the ceiling surface of the classroom 2. As a result, it is possible to prevent sunlight from directly irradiating the floor surface of the classroom 2 by the buttocks 7, and the ceiling surface is illuminated by the light reflected from the upper surface of the buttocks 7, so that light such as indirect lighting is softened. It becomes. In addition, the light transmission part 24b is attached with a rotation window that rotates around a horizontal axis to open and close (see FIG. 4).

FIG. 4 is a perspective view in which a classroom, a hallway, and a buffer space are partially cut away. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the front small room viewed from the classroom side. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the rear small room viewed from the hallway side.
As shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, small chambers 6 and 6 are provided on both front and rear sides of the blow-off portion 5. The small rooms 6 and 6 are small wooden spaces that also serve as a passage connecting the classroom 2 and the hallway 3. Each of the small rooms 6 and 6 has an entrance / exit 61 communicating with the classroom 2 and an entrance / exit 62 communicating with the hallway 3. Doors 61 a and 62 a are installed at the entrance 61 to the classroom 2 and the entrance 62 to the front corridor 3. The entrance 62 to the rear corridor 3 does not include a door.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the front small room 6 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “small room 6 </ b> A”) includes a storage unit 63. The storage unit 63 includes a changing rack 63a provided along the front wall, a coat rack 63b provided along the rear wall, and a bench 63c provided next to the coat rack 63b. ing. The small room 6A is a small, warm wooden space that can be used as a place where students can relax.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the rear small room 6 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “small room 6B”) includes a watering facility 64 in addition to the storage unit 63. The storage part 63 of the small room 6B is a locker 63d for storing a cleaning tool. The water facility 64 is a sink for washing cleaning tools and hands.

  The small chambers 6A and 6B are formed with substantially the same external dimensions of length, width, and height. In addition, the length dimension and width dimension of the small rooms 6A and 6B are set to a multiple of the reference dimension (for example, 910 mm) of the two-by-four method. The storage unit 63 and the water supply facility 64 are unit-produced in a factory, for example, and are suspended and installed in the small rooms 6A and 6B on site.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the school building 1 has classrooms 2 of the same size on the second floor and the third floor that are vertically stacked. In addition, the school building 1 has classrooms 2 of the same size repeatedly installed in the horizontal direction on the second and third floors. On the first floor of the school building, there are large special rooms (not shown) such as staff rooms and library rooms. A gate-shaped frame (not shown) made of laminated timber is installed in the part where there are walls on the 2nd and 3rd floors and no walls on the 1st floor, and supports the load on the 2nd and 3rd floor walls. .

  The school building 1 according to the present embodiment is basically configured as described above. Next, the operational effects of the school building 1 will be described.

  According to the school building 1 according to the present embodiment, since the atrium 5 and the small rooms 6A and 6B are provided as the buffer space 4 between the classroom 2 and the hallway 3, the distance between the classroom 2 and the hallway 3 is increased. Classroom 2 can have a calm atmosphere. In addition, the students enter and exit the classroom 2 through the wooden small rooms 6A and 6B, so that the wooden small rooms 6A and 6B function as a front door of the house to encourage the students to calm down or change their feelings. can do. Moreover, since sunlight can be taken into the classroom 2 through the atrium 5 on the side of the hallway 3, the illuminance difference in the classroom 2 can be reduced.

  Moreover, since the school building 1 supports the ceiling member 82 with a wooden truss beam 81 having high rigidity, it can be constructed with a wooden structure even in a large space such as the classroom 2. Further, the ceiling material 82 has an opening 82a, and the space between the truss beams 81 functions as an optical duct that guides sunlight from the atrium 5 to the classroom 2, so that the illuminance difference in the classroom 2 is further reduced. can do.

  In addition, the school building 1 reduces the amount of sunlight that directly illuminates the interior of the classroom 2 from the window 24a and the light transmission part 24b by the eaves part 7 extending from the upper part of the window part 24a to the outdoor side and the indoor side. Since the ceiling surface is illuminated by the light reflected on the upper surface of the heel part 7, sunlight can be softened like indirect lighting, and the illuminance difference in the classroom 2 can be further reduced.

  Moreover, since the small rooms 6A and 6B provided in the one end side and the other end side of the classroom 2 are formed in the same dimension in the school building 1 with the atrium 5 interposed therebetween, for example, the small rooms 6A and 6B are unitized. Manufacturing costs can be reduced by mass production.

  Further, since the small rooms 6A and 6B have a storage unit 63 and the rear small room 6B further has a watering facility 64, the convenience of the classroom can be obtained by using the small rooms 6A and 6B as a storage unit. The convenience of cleaning work and the sanitary environment of the classroom 2 can be improved.

  Moreover, since the school building 1 has a plurality of classrooms 2, corridors 3 and buffer spaces 4 of the same size arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, it is possible to reduce the types of parts and suppress the manufacturing cost and the material cost. it can. In addition, standardization and unitization of parts constituting the classroom 2, the corridor 3 and the buffer space 4 and mass production at the factory facilitates high quality, labor saving in process inspection, shortening the construction period, and the like.

  In addition, since the school building 1 is constructed by the frame wall construction method (two-by-four construction method), the columns and beams can be omitted, and the main member of the horizontal construction is composed of wooden truss beams 81. A large-span space like classroom 2 can be realized.

  Moreover, since the corridor 3 is formed as wide as the classroom 2 in the school building 1, even when the adjacent classrooms 2 are shifted in the left-right direction and arranged in a lame manner, the adjacent corridors 3 can be easily connected to each other. it can.

  The school building 1 according to the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, although the school building 1 according to the present embodiment is a three-story building, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a one-story building, two-story building, or four or more stories.

  Moreover, although the school building 1 which concerns on this embodiment provided the small rooms 6 and 6 in the front-and-rear both sides of the blow-off part 5, this invention is not limited to this, The small room 6 is only in one side of the blow-off part 5. It is good also as a structure which provided. Even in this case, the buffer space 4 can be formed between the classroom 2 and the hallway 3 to reduce the influence of the hallway 3 on the classroom 2.

1 school building 2 classroom 3 corridor 4 buffer space 5 atrium 6 small room 7 buttock 8 floor slab 81 truss beam

Claims (2)

A wooden school building with a buffer space between the classroom and the hallway,
The buffer space has an atrium that guides sunlight taken from the space above the roof to the classroom, and a small room that also serves as a passage connecting the classroom and the hallway,
The ceiling surface of the classroom is supported by a plurality of wooden truss beams installed between opposing walls,
The space between the truss beams functions as a light duct that guides sunlight from the atrium to the classroom,
The wall on the opposite side of the corridor of the classroom is a window provided facing the outdoors, a collar extending from the upper part of the window to the outdoor side and the indoor side, the ceiling surface of the classroom, and the A light transmission part provided between the collar part,
The said ridge part is comprised so that the sunlight reflected on the upper surface of the said ridge part may illuminate the ceiling surface of the said classroom. The school building characterized by the above-mentioned. A wooden school building with a buffer space between the classroom and the hallway,
The buffer space has an atrium that guides sunlight taken from the space above the roof to the classroom, and a small room that also serves as a passage connecting the classroom and the hallway,
A plurality of combinations of the classroom and the buffer space are arranged adjacently along the corridor,
A part of the hallway is widened to a width dimension substantially equal to the classroom over a combination of the classroom and the buffer space, and constitutes an open space .
The small rooms are provided on one end side and the other end side of the classroom across the atrium, and each small room has a first door that shields between the classroom and the small room, a hallway, and a small room. A school building comprising a second door that shields between rooms .

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