JP2004076273A

JP2004076273A - Building

Info

Publication number: JP2004076273A
Application number: JP2002234068A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Yasushi Watanabe; 渡辺　泰志; Kentaro Komae; 小前　健太郎; Yasuki Yuyama; 湯山　康樹; Takao Matsushima; 松島　孝夫; Yoshihiro Kato; 加藤　義弘
Original assignee: Shimizu Construction Co Ltd; Shimizu Corp
Current assignee: Shimizu Construction Co Ltd; Shimizu Corp
Priority date: 2002-08-09
Filing date: 2002-08-09
Publication date: 2004-03-11

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To assure a sufficient effective ceiling height even in a low story height. <P>SOLUTION: In this building, living rooms (for example, classrooms 1) are arranged parallel with each other on both sides of a corridor 2. A front room 3 is provided between the corridor and the living rooms, a double ceiling 9 is installed in the front room, the ceiling rear space of the front room is assured as an equipment space 10, and a pipe shaft is installed in the front room. Columns are installed in a boundary between the corridor and the living rooms, cantilever beams 17 are installed across the columns and the upper part of the front room, tip small beams 18 along the longitudinal direction of the corridor are installed at tips of the cantilever beams, beams crossing the corridor are eliminated, and the corridor is formed of beam-less slabs 19. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、低階高であっても高天井高を確保することが可能な建物に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
高さ制限のある地域に建物を設ける場合、制限内で階数を可及的に多くするためには各階の階高を小さくする必要がある。たとえば、高さ制限が１０ｍとされる第１種住居専用地域に３階建ての建物を計画する場合、各階の階高は３．３ｍ程度が限度となる。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、建物の階高を単に小さくした場合には天井高もそのまま小さくなって快適性や居住性を損なってしまうことがあるし、それを避けるために天井高を大きくしたり二重天井を省略して直天井仕上げとすると、設備関係機器類や配管配線類の設置や納まりが困難になる場合がある。
【０００４】
上記事情に鑑み、本発明は低階高でも有効天井高を大きく確保することを可能とする建物を提供することを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の発明は、廊下の両側に居室を並べて設ける形態の建物であって、廊下と居室との間に前室を設け、前室に二重天井を設けてその天井裏空間を設備スペースとして確保し、かつ前室にパイプシャフトを設けたことを特徴とする。
【０００６】
請求項２の発明は、上記の建物において、廊下と居室との境界位置に柱を設け、その柱から前室の上部に片持ち梁を設けて片持ち梁の先端に廊下の長さ方向に沿う先端小梁を設け、廊下を横断する梁を省略して廊下を無梁スラブにより形成したことを特徴とする。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明を学校を用途とする建物に適用した場合の一実施形態を図１〜図４を参照して説明する。本実施形態の建物は第１種住居専用地域に建てられる鉄筋コンクリート造の３階建てのもので、全高が１０ｍ以内という高さ制限を受けることから、各階の階高を図２に示すように３，２５０ｍｍ程度とすることで制限内に収まるようにしている。そして、そのような低階高であっても、以下のような平面プランと架構形式の採用により室内の有効天井高を充分に大きく確保することを可能とし、しかも設備機器類を設置するために設備スペースを支障なく確保することを可能としている。
【０００８】
すなわち、本実施形態の建物では、図１に示すように教室１を廊下２の両側に配置するのであるが、教室１と廊下２との間に前室３を設けるという平面プランを採用している。その前室３は生徒用のロッカー４および手洗い器５や流し台等の水場を設けることで教室１に対する準備室としての機能を有するものであるが、図２に示すようにこの前室３と廊下２との間には背の低いロッカー４を配置するのみで廊下２とは完全には区画せず、また前室３と教室１とは区画して出入口６を設けるが、その壁面には透明ないし半透明のガラス窓７を嵌め込むことで教室１と前室３との空間的な一体性もある程度は確保し、この前室３を教室１や廊下２に準ずるコミュニケーションの場としての機能や、教室１と廊下３との間の緩衝ゾーンとしての機能を持たせるようにしている。さらに、この前室３には設備関係の主要な縦導線としてのパイプシャフト８が設けられ、かつ前室３には二重天井９が設けられてその天井裏空間が設備機器類および配管・ダクト類を設置するための設備スペース１０として確保されるようになっている。
【０００９】
また、この建物の架構形式は、図４に示すように、外周に位置する柱１１と、教室１と前室３との境界位置に位置する柱１２と、柱１１間に架設された外周部の桁行き方向の大梁１３と、柱１２間に架設された内部の桁行き方向の大梁１４と、柱１１，１２間に架設されたスパン方向の大梁１５と、大梁１３，１４間に架設された小梁１６とからなるラーメン架構を基本とし、かつ、柱１２から前室３の上部に片持ち梁１７を設け、その片持ち梁１７の先端には先端小梁１８を設け、通常は廊下２を横断するように設けられる梁を一切省略して廊下２を無梁スラブ１９により形成するようにしている。
【００１０】
そして、図２に示すように教室１および廊下２はいずれも直天井仕上げとされ、それによって低階高でありながら教室１および廊下２の天井高は充分に大きく確保されて快適な空間が確保されている。たとえば、階高を３，２５０ｍｍとしている図示例の建物の場合には、スラブ厚は１６０ｍｍ程度で済むので教室１および廊下２の有効天井高は３，０９０ｍｍとでき、教室１に設けられている小梁１６の梁成は６５０ｍｍ程度で充分であるのでその梁下寸法も２，６００ｍｍとすることができる。
【００１１】
ただし、上述のように前室３の天井裏空間を設備スペース１０として確保するために、前室３には二重天井９を設けてそこでの天井高をたとえば２，２００ｍｍ程度とすることにより、各種の設備機器類およびそれに伴う配管類やダクト類、配線類の全てをそこに集約配置することができるようになっている。たとえば、教室１に対して冷暖房換気を行う場合には、そのための機器を設備スペース１０に隠蔽して設置し、そこからダクトを大梁１４の下を通すか可能であれば大梁１４を貫通させて設けて教室１内に壁面から吹き出すように構成することで、教室１に対する冷暖房換気を支障なく行うことができる。勿論、冷暖房関係の配管類やダクト類、また前室３内に設けた手洗い器５等に接続する給排水関係の配管類、電気関係の配線類は、設備スペース１０内において自由に横引きできるし、最寄りのパイプシャフト８を通して縦方向にも自由に通すことができる。
【００１２】
以上のように、本実施形態の建物では、教室１と廊下２との間に前室３を設けてその天井裏空間を設備機器類を集約配置するための設備スペース１０として確保し、かつ前室３にパイプシャフト８を設けたので、教室１および廊下２には設備関係の機器や配管配線類のためのスペースを確保する必要がなく、したがって教室１のみならず廊下２をも直天井仕上げとしてその天井高を充分に大きく確保でき、しかも前室３を単なる設備スペースとして機能させるのみならず教室１と廊下２との間に介在する多機能な空間として有効に活用できるので、教育施設として快適で魅力的な空間を創出することができる。
【００１３】
なお、前室３の上部に片持ち梁１７を設けるとともにその先端に先端小梁１８を設けることにより、廊下２を横断する梁を支障なく省略して廊下２を無梁スラブ１９とできるし、建物全体の構造的な強度を充分に確保できるが、必要であれば耐力壁等の補強要素を必要箇所に設ければ良い。
【００１４】
また、本発明は上記実施形態のように学校を用途とする建物に適用するのみならず、同様の形態の他の用途の建物、たとえば廊下２の両側に病室を配置する病院や、廊下２の両側に客室を配置するホテルや旅館等にも同様に適用可能である。そして、前室３の機能や形態は建物の用途に応じて設定すれば良いし、建物全体の平面プランや架構形式も、建物の用途や形態、規模に応じて任意に設計すれば良いことはいうまでもない。
【００１５】
【発明の効果】
請求項１の発明は、廊下と居室との間に前室を設け、前室に二重天井を設けてその天井裏空間を設備スペースとして確保し、かつ前室にパイプシャフトを設けたので、設備機器類を設備スペースに集約配置することで居室および廊下にはそれらを設けるためのスペースを確保する必要がなく、したがって居室および廊下をいずれも直天井仕上げとすることが可能であって天井高を大きく確保することが可能であり、高さ制限等により階高を大きく確保できない場合に適用して好適である。
【００１６】
請求項２の発明は、廊下と居室との境界位置に柱を設け、その柱から前室の上部に片持ち梁を設けてその先端に先端小梁を設けたので、廊下を横断する梁を省略して廊下を無梁スラブとしても、その無梁スラブを片持ち梁により安定に支持することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の建物を学校に適用した場合の一実施形態を示す平面図である。
【図２】同、断面図（図１におけるＩＩ−ＩＩ線視図）である。
【図３】同、断面図（図１におけるＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ線視図）である。
【図４】同、梁伏図である。
【符号の説明】
１　教室（居室）
２　廊下
３　前室
８　パイプシャフト
９　二重天井
１０　設備スペース
１２　柱
１７　片持ち梁
１８　先端小梁
１９　無梁スラブ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a building that can secure a high ceiling height even if it has a low floor height.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a building is provided in an area with height restrictions, it is necessary to reduce the height of each floor in order to increase the number of floors as much as possible within the restrictions. For example, when a three-story building is planned in a first-class residential area where the height limit is 10 m, the floor height of each floor is limited to about 3.3 m.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, if the floor height of the building is simply reduced, the ceiling height will be reduced as it is, which may impair comfort and livability. To avoid this, increase the ceiling height or omit double ceilings If the ceiling is finished, it may be difficult to install and store equipment related to equipment and piping and wiring.
[0004]
In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a building that can secure a large effective ceiling height even at a low floor height.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 is a building having a configuration in which living rooms are arranged on both sides of a corridor, wherein a front room is provided between the corridor and the living room, a double ceiling is provided in the front room, and the space behind the ceiling is used as a facility space. And a pipe shaft is provided in the front chamber.
[0006]
The invention of claim 2 provides the above-mentioned building, wherein a pillar is provided at a boundary position between the corridor and the living room, a cantilever is provided from the pillar at the upper part of the front room, and a tip of the cantilever is provided in a longitudinal direction of the corridor. A small beam along the corridor is provided along the corridor.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
One embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a building for school use will be described with reference to FIGS. The building according to the present embodiment is a three-story reinforced concrete building built in an area dedicated to class 1 dwellings. Since the total height is limited to 10 m or less, the height of each floor is set to 3 as shown in FIG. , 250 mm so as to fall within the limit. And even with such a low floor height, it is possible to secure a sufficiently high effective ceiling height in the room by adopting the following plan and frame type, and to install equipment and equipment. The equipment space can be secured without any trouble.
[0008]
That is, in the building of the present embodiment, the classroom 1 is arranged on both sides of the corridor 2 as shown in FIG. 1, but a plan is adopted in which the front room 3 is provided between the classroom 1 and the corridor 2. I have. The front room 3 has a function as a preparation room for the classroom 1 by providing a locker 4 for students and a water place such as a hand-washing machine 5 and a sink, and as shown in FIG. Only a short locker 4 is placed between the corridor 2 and it is not completely partitioned from the corridor 2, and the front room 3 and the classroom 1 are partitioned and provided with an entrance 6. By inserting a transparent or translucent glass window 7, the spatial integrity of the classroom 1 and the front room 3 is secured to some extent, and the front room 3 functions as a communication space similar to the classroom 1 and the corridor 2. Also, a function as a buffer zone between the classroom 1 and the corridor 3 is provided. Further, the front room 3 is provided with a pipe shaft 8 as a main vertical conductor related to equipment, and the front room 3 is provided with a double ceiling 9 so that the space behind the ceiling is provided with equipment and piping and ducts. The equipment space 10 is set as a space for installing the equipment.
[0009]
As shown in FIG. 4, the frame type of this building includes a pillar 11 located on the outer periphery, a pillar 12 located at a boundary position between the classroom 1 and the front room 3, and an outer peripheral portion provided between the pillars 11. , A girder 14 in the girder direction provided between the columns 12, a girder 15 in the span direction provided between the columns 11, 12, and a girder between the girders 13, 14. And a cantilever 17 is provided at the top of the anterior chamber 3 from the column 12, and a tip beam 18 is provided at the tip of the cantilever 17, usually in a corridor. The corridor 2 is formed by the beamless slab 19 by omitting any beams provided so as to traverse the 2.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 2, both the classroom 1 and the corridor 2 have a straight ceiling finish, so that the ceiling height of the classroom 1 and the corridor 2 is sufficiently large while the floor height is low, and a comfortable space is secured. Have been. For example, in the case of the illustrated building in which the floor height is 3,250 mm, the effective ceiling height of the classroom 1 and the corridor 2 can be 3,090 mm because the slab thickness is only about 160 mm, which is provided in the classroom 1. It is sufficient that the beam length of the small beam 16 is about 650 mm, so that the dimension under the beam can be 2,600 mm.
[0011]
However, in order to secure the space behind the ceiling of the front room 3 as the equipment space 10 as described above, by providing a double ceiling 9 in the front room 3 and setting the ceiling height there to, for example, about 2,200 mm, Various equipment and the associated piping, ducts, and wiring can all be collectively arranged there. For example, when air-conditioning / ventilation is performed on the classroom 1, equipment for the air-conditioning is concealed and installed in the equipment space 10, and a duct is passed thereunder or, if possible, through the girder 14. By providing and blowing out from the wall surface in the classroom 1, cooling and heating ventilation for the classroom 1 can be performed without any trouble. Needless to say, pipes and ducts related to cooling and heating, pipes related to water supply and drainage connected to a hand-washing machine 5 provided in the front room 3, and electric wirings can be freely pulled sideways in the equipment space 10. Can be freely passed in the vertical direction through the nearest pipe shaft 8.
[0012]
As described above, in the building of the present embodiment, the front room 3 is provided between the classroom 1 and the corridor 2, and the space above the ceiling is secured as the equipment space 10 for arranging the equipment and the like. Since the pipe shaft 8 is provided in the room 3, there is no need to secure a space for equipment related to facilities and piping and wiring in the classroom 1 and the corridor 2. Therefore, not only the classroom 1 but also the corridor 2 has a straight ceiling. The ceiling height can be secured sufficiently large, and the front room 3 can be used not only as a mere facility space but also effectively as a multifunctional space interposed between the classroom 1 and the corridor 2, so as an educational facility. A comfortable and attractive space can be created.
[0013]
In addition, by providing the cantilever 17 at the upper part of the front room 3 and providing the tip small beam 18 at the tip, the beam crossing the corridor 2 can be omitted without hindrance and the corridor 2 can be a beamless slab 19; The structural strength of the entire building can be sufficiently ensured, but if necessary, reinforcing elements such as load-bearing walls may be provided at necessary places.
[0014]
Further, the present invention is not only applied to a building for school use as in the above embodiment, but also to a building for another use of the same form, for example, a hospital where hospital rooms are arranged on both sides of the corridor 2, The present invention can be similarly applied to hotels and inns where guest rooms are arranged on both sides. The function and form of the front room 3 may be set according to the use of the building, and the plan and frame structure of the whole building may be arbitrarily designed according to the use, form and scale of the building. Needless to say.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
According to the invention of claim 1, the front room is provided between the corridor and the living room, the double room is provided in the front room, the space behind the ceiling is secured as equipment space, and the pipe shaft is provided in the front room. By arranging the equipment and equipment in the equipment space, it is not necessary to secure a space for installing them in the living room and the corridor. Therefore, both the living room and the corridor can have a straight ceiling finish, and the ceiling height can be increased. Is large, and it is suitable to be applied when a large floor height cannot be ensured due to height restrictions or the like.
[0016]
According to the invention of claim 2, the pillar is provided at the boundary position between the corridor and the living room, the cantilever is provided from the pillar at the upper part of the front room, and the tip small beam is provided at the tip thereof. Even if the corridor is omitted and the beamless slab is used, the beamless slab can be stably supported by the cantilever.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment when a building of the present invention is applied to a school.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view (viewed along the line II-II in FIG. 1).
FIG. 3 is a sectional view (viewed along the line III-III in FIG. 1).
FIG. 4 is a beam plan view of the same.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 classroom (room)
2 Corridor 3 Front room 8 Pipe shaft 9 Double ceiling 10 Equipment space 12 Column 17 Cantilever 18 Tip beam 19 No beam slab

Claims

A building in which living rooms are arranged on both sides of the corridor, where a front room is provided between the corridor and the living room, a double ceiling is provided in the front room, and the space behind the ceiling is secured as equipment space, and the front room A building with a pipe shaft installed in the building.

A pillar is provided at the boundary between the corridor and the living room, a cantilever is provided from the pillar at the top of the front room, a tip beam along the length of the corridor is provided at the end of the cantilever, and a beam crossing the corridor 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the corridor is formed of a beamless slab by omitting the structure.