JP5992402B2 - Manufacturing method of nitrided sintered component - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of nitrided sintered component Download PDFInfo
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- JP5992402B2 JP5992402B2 JP2013513135A JP2013513135A JP5992402B2 JP 5992402 B2 JP5992402 B2 JP 5992402B2 JP 2013513135 A JP2013513135 A JP 2013513135A JP 2013513135 A JP2013513135 A JP 2013513135A JP 5992402 B2 JP5992402 B2 JP 5992402B2
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- mass
- weight
- steel powder
- iron
- sintered component
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(octadecanoylamino)methyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OXDXXMDEEFOVHR-CLFAGFIQSA-N (z)-n-[2-[[(z)-octadec-9-enoyl]amino]ethyl]octadec-9-enamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC OXDXXMDEEFOVHR-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020203 CeO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001135893 Themira Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005256 carbonitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(3+) oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[In+3] BDVZHDCXCXJPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(octadecanoylamino)ethyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RKISUIUJZGSLEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLZWSYPJQQIDJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[6-(octadecanoylamino)hexyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCCCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC SLZWSYPJQQIDJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleicacidamide-heptaglycolether Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
- C23C8/48—Nitriding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Description
本発明は、単一プレスおよび単一焼結により焼結要素を製造する方法、ならびにこの方法により製造された焼結コンポーネントに関するものである。この方法は、チルド鋳鉄から作られたコンポーネントと同程度の耐摩耗性を有する焼結鋼コンポーネントの費用効率の高い製造を提供する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a sintered element by a single press and a single sintering and to a sintered component produced by this method. This method provides a cost-effective production of sintered steel components that have a wear resistance comparable to components made from chilled cast iron.
産業において、金属粉末組成物を圧縮成形(compaction)および焼結して製造される金属製品の使用は、ますます普及しつつある。様々な形状や厚さの種々の多数の製品が製造されており、要求される品質が絶え間なく高くなっていると同時に、価格の低減が求められている。最終形状に到達するために最低限の機械加工を必要とする、ネットシェイプコンポーネントまたはニアネットシェイプコンポーネントは、高度な材料の利用と鉄基粉末コンポーネントのプレスおよび焼結によって得られるので、この技術は、棒材からの成形または機械加工、鋳造もしくは鍛造といった金属部品を形成する従来技術に対して、大きな利点を有する。 In the industry, the use of metal products made by compacting and sintering metal powder compositions is becoming increasingly popular. A large number of different products with different shapes and thicknesses are manufactured, and the required quality is constantly increasing, while at the same time reducing the price. Net shape or near net shape components, which require minimal machining to reach the final shape, are obtained through the use of advanced materials and pressing and sintering of iron-based powder components. There are significant advantages over the prior art of forming metal parts such as forming from bar or machining, casting or forging.
焼結された部品の性能を向上させて、より多くの部品がこの費用効率の高い技術に代用されることが要望されている。たとえば自動車産業のように、様々な工業における鋼コンポーネントは、プレスや焼結技術により、成功裡に製造されてきた。自動車部品は、性能、意匠および耐久性の厳格な要件が定められている用途のために、大量に製造されている。よって、全体の品質要求が満たされるならば、そのような部品の製造には、単一プレスおよび単一焼結の技術が非常に適している。 There is a desire to increase the performance of sintered parts and to replace more parts with this cost-effective technology. Steel components in various industries, such as the automotive industry, have been successfully manufactured by pressing and sintering techniques. Automobile parts are manufactured in large quantities for applications where strict requirements for performance, design and durability are established. Thus, single press and single sintering techniques are very suitable for manufacturing such parts if the overall quality requirements are met.
カムローブ等の、自動車産業におけるある種の伝動機構および弁機構のコンポーネントについては、耐摩耗性に関する要求が過大で、従来の方式を用いて焼結された生成物に切り替えることは非常に困難である。今日、このようなコンポーネントの主な製造技術は、棒材からの機械加工、またはチルド鋳鉄を用いた鋳造(CCI)である。耐摩耗性に関する要求が幾分低い小型自動車用のカムローブの場合は、二重プレス/二重焼結を用いて部品を製造することに成功している。しかしながら、現在のところ、単一プレスおよび単一焼結に関する製造技術では、CCIを用いて製造されたコンポーネントに匹敵する摩耗特性が得られることは証明されていない。 Certain transmission and valve mechanism components in the automotive industry, such as cam lobes, have excessive wear resistance requirements and are very difficult to switch to products sintered using conventional methods. . Today, the main manufacturing technology for such components is machining from bar or casting with chilled cast iron (CCI). In the case of small automotive cam lobes with somewhat lower requirements on wear resistance, parts have been successfully manufactured using double press / double sintering. However, at present, manufacturing techniques involving single press and single sintering have not proven to provide wear characteristics comparable to components manufactured using CCI.
国際公開公報2006/0455000号は、0.5〜3.0%のMo、1〜6.5%のCr、1〜5%のVおよびFeと不純物の残部からなる鉄基粉末金属混合物から製造され、カムローブやその他の高摩耗物品に用いられる浸炭焼結合金に関するものである。しかしながら、その耐摩耗性はCCI要素と同レベルには到達していない。 WO 2006/0455000 is produced from an iron-based powder metal mixture consisting of 0.5-3.0% Mo, 1-6.5% Cr, 1-5% V and Fe and the balance of impurities. The present invention relates to a carburized sintered alloy used for cam lobes and other high wear articles. However, its wear resistance has not reached the same level as the CCI element.
驚くべきことに、ある鉄基粉末合金組成物を温間金型成形(warm die compaction)および短窒化工程(short nitriding process)と組み合わせて用いることにより、CCIで作製されたコンポーネントに匹敵する耐摩耗性を有するコンポーネントを製造することが可能であることが見出された。 Surprisingly, the use of certain iron-based powder alloy compositions in combination with warm die compaction and short nitriding processes provides wear resistance comparable to components made with CCI. It has been found that it is possible to produce components with properties.
より具体的には、これは、以下の工程、即ち、
a) 0.3重量%未満のMnと、0.2〜3.5重量%のCr、0.05〜1.20重量%のMoおよび0.05〜0.4重量%のVのうちの少なくとも1つと、最大で0.5重量%の付随不純物とを含み、残余が鉄である、プレアロイ鉄基鋼粉末(pre-alloyed iron-based steel powder)を提供し、
b) 前記プレアロイ鉄基鋼粉末を、潤滑剤およびグラファイトと混合し、任意で機械加工増強剤(machining enhancing agent)および他の従来の焼結添加剤を混合し、
c) 工程bの混合組成物に圧力400〜2000MPaの圧縮成形を施して、成形体を提供し、
d) 工程cからの前記成形体を還元性雰囲気下で1000〜1400℃の温度で焼結して、焼結コンポーネントを提供し、
e) 工程dの前記焼結コンポーネントを窒素含有雰囲気下で400〜600℃の温度で3時間未満のソーキング時間で窒化焼結する、
工程を包含する、単一プレスおよび単一焼結による焼結コンポーネントを製造する方法によって達成できる。
More specifically, this involves the following steps:
a) of less than 0.3% by weight of Mn, 0.2 to 3.5% by weight of Cr, 0.05 to 1.20% by weight of Mo and 0.05 to 0.4% by weight of V Providing a pre-alloyed iron-based steel powder comprising at least one and up to 0.5% by weight of incidental impurities, the balance being iron;
b) mixing the pre-alloyed iron-base steel powder with a lubricant and graphite, optionally with a machining enhancing agent and other conventional sintering additives;
c) compression-molding the mixed composition of step b at a pressure of 400 to 2000 MPa to provide a molded body,
d) sintering the shaped body from step c at a temperature of 1000-1400 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere to provide a sintered component;
e) nitriding and sintering the sintered component of step d under a nitrogen-containing atmosphere at a temperature of 400-600 ° C. with a soaking time of less than 3 hours;
It can be achieved by a method of manufacturing a sintered component by single press and single sintering, including the steps.
この方法によって製造されたコンポーネントは、CCIコンポーネントと同様の耐摩耗特性を示す。そのコンポーネントは、軟性コアを備えるハードケース(hard case)を有し、それ故に完全硬化されない。完全硬化されたコンポーネント(through hardened component)は、軟性コアを有する硬化コンポーネント(case hardened component)ケースに比べて、アセンブリ(assembly)をより困難にさせている。 Components produced by this method exhibit wear resistance properties similar to CCI components. The component has a hard case with a soft core and is therefore not fully cured. A fully hardened component makes assembly more difficult than a case hardened component case with a soft core.
この方法は、特に、オイルで潤滑される環境中で作動する自動車コンポーネントであって、作動温度が250℃を下回り、そのコンポーネントが滑り運動に依拠する役割を有するものに適している。例えば、カムローブ、スプロケット、CVT、他の伝動機構、弁機構、エンジンコンポーネント等である。勿論、その方法は、良好な摩耗特性が要求される他の用途用のコンポーネントを製造することにも適している。 This method is particularly suitable for automotive components operating in an oil-lubricated environment where the operating temperature is below 250 ° C. and the component has a role of relying on sliding motion. For example, cam lobes, sprockets, CVTs, other transmission mechanisms, valve mechanisms, engine components, and the like. Of course, the method is also suitable for producing components for other applications where good wear properties are required.
鉄基合金鋼粉末(iron-based alloyed steel powder)の製造
前記方法の工程aで提供されたプレアロイ鉄基鋼粉末は、好ましくは、合金化元素を含む鉄溶融の水噴霧によって製造される。その噴霧粉末は、更に、還元アニーリングプロセスに付される。プレアロイ粉末合金の粒径は、プレス及び焼結工程と併存できる限り、いかなる大きさでもよい。一般的な粒径の例は、スウェーデンのHoganas ABから入手できる公知の粉末ASC100.29の粒径、即ち、180μm超が最大2.0重量%であって、45μmを下回るものが15〜30重量%である粒径である。しかしながら、より粗く、そしてより微細な粒状粉末を使用することが可能である。
Manufacture of iron-based alloyed steel powder The pre-alloyed iron-base steel powder provided in step a of the method is preferably manufactured by water-melting iron melt containing alloying elements. Is done. The spray powder is further subjected to a reduction annealing process. The particle diameter of the pre-alloy powder alloy may be any size as long as it can coexist with the pressing and sintering processes. Examples of common particle sizes are those of the known powder ASC 100.29 available from Hoganas AB, Sweden, ie up to 2.0% by weight above 180 μm and 15-30% below 45 μm % Is the particle size. However, it is possible to use a coarser and finer granular powder.
粉末冶金の分野においては、粗い鉄基鋼粉末(coarse iron-based steel powder)の使用がますます普及している。このような粉末の例には、75μmから300μmの間の平均粒径を有する鉄基鋼粉末があり、その粉末粒子の10%未満が45μmを下回る大きさを有し、212μmを超える粒子の量は20%を上回る。 In the field of powder metallurgy, the use of coarse iron-based steel powder is becoming increasingly popular. Examples of such powders are iron-base steel powders having an average particle size between 75 μm and 300 μm, with less than 10% of the powder particles having a size below 45 μm and the amount of particles above 212 μm Is over 20%.
より微細な鉄基鋼粉末も使用可能である。微細粉末を使用する場合、微細粉末は、より良好な粉末特性や圧縮率を提供するために、結合剤(単数及び複数)及び/又はフロー剤(単数及び複数)で結合されることが好ましい。このような粉末は、例えば、20〜60μmの範囲の平均粒径を有することが可能である。 Finer iron-base steel powder can also be used. When using fine powders, the fine powders are preferably combined with binder (s) and / or flow agent (s) to provide better powder properties and compressibility. Such powders can have an average particle size in the range of 20-60 μm, for example.
プレアロイ鋼粉末含有量
上記方法の工程aで提供されるプレアロイ鋼粉末は、鉄をベースとするものであり、Mnと、Cr、Mo、Vの群から選択される少なくとも一つとを含んでなるものである。そのプレアロイ鋼粉末は、任意で更に、Ni及び/又は追加の強力な窒化物であってタングステン、チタン、ニオブ及び/又はアルミニウム等の元素(単数及び複数)を形成する窒化物を含んでいてもよい。
Prealloy steel powder content The prealloy steel powder provided in step a of the above method is based on iron and comprises Mn and at least one selected from the group of Cr, Mo, V It is. The prealloy steel powder may optionally further include Ni and / or additional strong nitrides that form elements (singular and plural) such as tungsten, titanium, niobium and / or aluminum. Good.
マンガン(Mn)は0.02重量%〜0.3重量%の間の量で存在する。特に、鋼製造工程中の還元のための所定の処理が実施されなければ、再生スクラップを使用する時に0.02重量%を下回る含有量を達成することは極めて困難であり、費用が増加する。更に、マンガンは、鋼粉末の強度、硬度、硬化性(hardenability)を増加させ、それ故に、0.05重量%を超えるマンガン含有量有することが好ましく、0.9重量%を超える鉱石が好ましい。0.3重量%を超えるMn含有量は、鋼粉末中の内包物を含むマンガンの形成を増加させ、また、固溶体硬化による圧縮率への負の効果も与え、フェライト硬さを増加させる。そのため、Mn含有量は、0.3重量%を超えるべきではない。Mnのもっとも好ましい範囲は、0.1〜0.3重量%である。 Manganese (Mn) is present in an amount between 0.02 wt% and 0.3 wt%. In particular, if the prescribed treatment for reduction during the steel production process is not carried out, it is extremely difficult to achieve a content of less than 0.02% by weight when using recycled scrap, which increases costs. Furthermore, manganese increases the strength, hardness, hardenability of the steel powder, and therefore preferably has a manganese content greater than 0.05% by weight, and ores greater than 0.9% by weight. A Mn content greater than 0.3% by weight increases the formation of manganese, including inclusions in the steel powder, and also has a negative effect on the compressibility due to solid solution hardening, increasing the ferrite hardness. Therefore, the Mn content should not exceed 0.3% by weight. The most preferable range of Mn is 0.1 to 0.3% by weight.
合金化元素としてのクロム(Cr)は、固溶体硬化によってマトリックスを強める役割を果たす。クロムも、焼結体の硬化性や耐摩耗性を増加させる。更に、Crは、極めて強力な窒化物形成物であり、それ故に窒化を促進させる。クロムが添加される場合、焼結コンポーネントの特性に所望される影響を有するように、クロムは、少なくとも0.2重量%、好ましくは少なくとも0.4重量%、より好ましくは少なくとも1.3重量%の量で添加されるべきである。しかしながら、クロムの添加が増加するにつれて、焼結中の制御雰囲気の要求が増加し、コンポーネントを製造するための費用が大きくなる。それ故に、クロムが添加される場合、多くても3.5重量%、好ましくは多くても3.2重量%とするべきである。好ましい実施態様では、クロム含有量は0.4〜2.0重量%、より好ましくは1.3〜1.9重量%である。別の好ましい実施態様では、クロム含有量は2.8〜3.2重量%である。 Chromium (Cr) as an alloying element plays a role of strengthening the matrix by solid solution hardening. Chromium also increases the curability and wear resistance of the sintered body. Furthermore, Cr is a very strong nitride formation and therefore promotes nitridation. When added, the chromium is at least 0.2 wt%, preferably at least 0.4 wt%, more preferably at least 1.3 wt% so that it has the desired effect on the properties of the sintered component. Should be added in the amount of. However, as the chromium addition increases, the requirement for a controlled atmosphere during sintering increases and the cost for manufacturing the components increases. Therefore, if chromium is added, it should be at most 3.5 wt%, preferably at most 3.2 wt%. In a preferred embodiment, the chromium content is 0.4-2.0% by weight, more preferably 1.3-1.9% by weight. In another preferred embodiment, the chromium content is 2.8-3.2% by weight.
モリブデン(Mo)は、焼結後のフェライトを安定化させる。モリブデンを添加する場合、焼結コンポーネントの特性に所望される影響を有するように、少なくとも0.1重量%、好ましくは少なくとも0.15重量%の量で添加されるべきである。高すぎるMo含有量を有すると、性能に十分に寄与しなくなるため、望ましくない。それ故に、モリブデンを添加する場合、モリブデンは、多くても1.2重量%、好ましくは多くても0.6重量%とするべきである。いくつかの実施態様では、鋼は、0.1重量%を下回るMo含有量、好ましくは0.05重量%を下回るMo含有量を有する、本質的にMoを含まないものであってもよい。 Molybdenum (Mo) stabilizes the sintered ferrite. If molybdenum is added, it should be added in an amount of at least 0.1 wt%, preferably at least 0.15 wt% so as to have the desired effect on the properties of the sintered component. If the Mo content is too high, it will not contribute sufficiently to the performance, which is undesirable. Therefore, when molybdenum is added, the molybdenum should be at most 1.2% by weight, preferably at most 0.6% by weight. In some embodiments, the steel may be essentially Mo-free, having a Mo content below 0.1% by weight, preferably below 0.05% by weight.
バナジウム(V)は、析出硬化(precipitation hardening)によって強度を増加させる。バナジウムも、粒度の精製効果を有し、強力な窒化物形成元素である。バナジウムが添加される場合、バナジウムは、焼結コンポーネントの特性に所望される影響を有するように、少なくとも0.05重量%、好ましくは少なくとも0.1重量%、より好ましくは少なくとも0.25重量%の量で添加されるべきである。しかしながら、高バナジウム含有量は酸素の補足を容易にさせ、それによって、粉末によって製造されるコンポーネント中の酸素レベルが高まるが、高すぎる量では望ましくない。それ故に、バナジウム含有量は、多くても0.4重量%、好ましくは多くても0.35重量%とするべきである。 Vanadium (V) increases strength by precipitation hardening. Vanadium is also a powerful nitride-forming element, with a grain size refining effect. When vanadium is added, the vanadium is at least 0.05 wt%, preferably at least 0.1 wt%, more preferably at least 0.25 wt% so as to have the desired effect on the properties of the sintered component. Should be added in the amount of. However, a high vanadium content facilitates oxygen supplementation, thereby increasing the oxygen level in the component produced by the powder, but an excessive amount is undesirable. The vanadium content should therefore be at most 0.4% by weight, preferably at most 0.35% by weight.
プレアロイ鋼粉末は、任意で更に、公知である、追加の強力な窒化物を形成する元素(単数及び複数)、例えば、タングステン(W)、チタン(Ti)、ニオブ(Nb)、アルミニウム(Al)の群から選択される元素(単数及び複数)の一以上を含んでもよい。添加される場合、前記の追加の強力な窒化物を形成する元素(単数及び複数)の合計量は、0.05重量%と0.5重量%の間、好ましくは0.1重量%と0.4重量%の間、より好ましくは0.15重量%と0.30重量%の間とするべきである。 The prealloy steel powder is optionally further known as additional strong nitride forming element (s), such as tungsten (W), titanium (Ti), niobium (Nb), aluminum (Al). One or more elements selected from the group may be included. When added, the total amount of the element (s) forming the additional strong nitride is between 0.05% and 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.1% and 0%. .4% by weight, more preferably between 0.15% and 0.30% by weight.
ニッケル(Ni)は、良好な延性特性を提供しつつ、強度と硬度を増加させる。しかしながら、ニッケルは高価な元素であり、可能な限り避けるものである。添加される場合、含有量は低く保たれる。プレアロイ鋼粉末は、任意で、0.1〜1.0重量%の量のNi、好ましくは0.1〜0.5重量%のNiを含んでよい。好ましい実施態様では、プレアロイ鋼粉末は、本質的にニッケルを含まず、それ故に、0.1重量%を下回る、好ましくは0.05重量%を下回るニッケルを含む。 Nickel (Ni) increases strength and hardness while providing good ductility properties. However, nickel is an expensive element and should be avoided as much as possible. When added, the content is kept low. The pre-alloyed steel powder may optionally contain 0.1 to 1.0 wt% Ni, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt% Ni. In a preferred embodiment, the prealloy steel powder is essentially free of nickel and therefore contains less than 0.1% by weight, preferably less than 0.05% by weight of nickel.
酸素(O)は、多くても0.25重量%である。酸素の高含有量は、焼結コンポーネントの強度を害し、粉末の圧縮率を弱める。これらの理由のため、Oは、好ましくは多くても0.18重量%である。実際には、水噴霧技術を使用する場合、0.1重量%を下回る酸素含有量を達成することは困難である。それ故に、水噴霧され、アニールされた粉末中の酸素含有量は、通常、0.10〜0.18重量%の範囲になる。 Oxygen (O) is at most 0.25% by weight. A high oxygen content impairs the strength of the sintered component and reduces the compressibility of the powder. For these reasons, O is preferably at most 0.18% by weight. In practice, it is difficult to achieve an oxygen content below 0.1% by weight when using water spray technology. Therefore, the oxygen content in the water sprayed and annealed powder is usually in the range of 0.10 to 0.18% by weight.
鋼粉末中の炭素(C)は、多くても0.1重量%、好ましくは0.05重量%未満、より好ましくは0.02重量%未満とするべきであり、窒素(N)は、多くても0.1重量%、好ましくは0.05重量%未満、より好ましくは0.02重量%未満とするべきである。炭素や窒素のより高い含有量は、粉末の圧縮率を許容できないほど低下させる。 Carbon (C) in the steel powder should be at most 0.1% by weight, preferably less than 0.05% by weight, more preferably less than 0.02% by weight, and nitrogen (N) is much more However, it should be 0.1% by weight, preferably less than 0.05% by weight, more preferably less than 0.02% by weight. Higher carbon and nitrogen contents lower the powder compressibility unacceptably.
銅(Cu)、リン(P)、シリコン(Si)、硫黄(S)、及び合金に意図せず添加されるその他の元素からなる群から選択される元素等の各付随不純物元素の量は、鋼粉末の圧縮率を悪化させたり、有害な内包物の形成物として作用したりしないように、0.15重量%未満、好ましくは0.10重量%未満、より好ましくは0.05重量%未満、最も好ましくは0.03重量%未満とするべきである。全付随不純物の合計量は、0.5重量%未満、好ましくは0.3重量%未満、更に好ましくは0.2重量%未満とするべきである。 The amount of each accompanying impurity element, such as an element selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), and other elements unintentionally added to the alloy, Less than 0.15% by weight, preferably less than 0.10% by weight, more preferably less than 0.05% by weight so as not to deteriorate the compressibility of the steel powder or act as a harmful inclusion formation Most preferably, it should be less than 0.03% by weight. The total amount of all incidental impurities should be less than 0.5 wt%, preferably less than 0.3 wt%, more preferably less than 0.2 wt%.
プレアロイ鋼粉末の好ましい実施態様
好ましい実施態様において、本発明によるプレアロイ鋼粉末は、
残余のFeと、
0.09重量%〜0.3重量%のMnと、
1.3重量%〜1.9重量%のCrと、
0〜0.3重量%のMoと、
最大で0.3重量%の付随不純物とからなる。
Preferred embodiments of prealloyed steel powder In a preferred embodiment, the prealloyed steel powder according to the present invention comprises:
The remaining Fe,
0.09 wt% to 0.3 wt% Mn,
1.3 wt% to 1.9 wt% Cr;
0-0.3 wt% Mo,
It consists of up to 0.3% by weight of incidental impurities.
別の好ましい実施態様において、本発明によるプレアロイ鋼粉末は、
残余のFeと、
0.09重量%〜0.3重量%のMnと、
1.3重量%〜1.6重量%のCrと、
0.15〜0.3重量%のMoと、
最大で0.3重量%の付随不純物とからなる。
In another preferred embodiment, the prealloy steel powder according to the invention comprises
The remaining Fe,
0.09 wt% to 0.3 wt% Mn,
1.3 wt% to 1.6 wt% Cr,
0.15-0.3 wt% Mo,
It consists of up to 0.3% by weight of incidental impurities.
更に別の好ましい実施態様において、本発明によるプレアロイ鋼粉末は、
残余のFeと、
0.09重量%〜0.3重量%のMnと、
1.5重量%〜1.9重量%のCrと、
0〜0.1重量%のMoと、
最大で0.3重量%の付随不純物とからなる。
In yet another preferred embodiment, the prealloy steel powder according to the invention comprises
The remaining Fe,
0.09 wt% to 0.3 wt% Mn,
1.5 wt% to 1.9 wt% Cr;
0-0.1 wt% Mo,
It consists of up to 0.3% by weight of incidental impurities.
更に別の好ましい実施態様において、本発明によるプレアロイ鋼粉末は、
残余のFeと、
0.09重量%〜0.3重量%のMnと、
2.8重量%〜3.2重量%のCrと、
0.4〜0.6重量%のMoと、
最大で0.3重量%の付随不純物とからなる。
In yet another preferred embodiment, the prealloy steel powder according to the invention comprises
The remaining Fe,
0.09 wt% to 0.3 wt% Mn,
2.8 wt% to 3.2 wt% Cr,
0.4 to 0.6% by weight of Mo,
It consists of up to 0.3% by weight of incidental impurities.
更に別の好ましい実施態様において、本発明によるプレアロイ鋼粉末は、
残余のFeと、
0.09重量%〜0.3重量%のMnと、
0.05重量%〜0.4重量%のVと、
0〜0.1重量%のMoと、
最大で0.3重量%の付随不純物とからなる。
In yet another preferred embodiment, the prealloy steel powder according to the invention comprises
The remaining Fe,
0.09 wt% to 0.3 wt% Mn,
0.05 wt% to 0.4 wt% V;
0-0.1 wt% Mo,
It consists of up to 0.3% by weight of incidental impurities.
粉末組成物
圧縮成形前に、プレアロイ鋼粉末は、潤滑剤、グラファイト、任意で一以上の機械加工増強剤(単数及び複数)、そして任意で他の従来の添加剤、例えば、硬質相材料(hard phase material)と混合される。
Before powder composition compression molding, prealloyed steel powder, the lubricant, graphite, optionally with one or more machining enhancers (singular and plural), and optionally other conventional additives, for example, hard phase material (hard phase material).
焼結コンポーネントの強度や高度を高めるために、炭素はマトリックス中に導入される。炭素は、組成物の0.15〜1.0重量%の間の量で、グラファイトとしてその組成物に添加される。0.15重量%未満の量では、強度が低くなり過ぎ、1.0重量%を超える量では、超過な炭化物を形成することになり、窒化物形成の特性に負の影響を与える。好ましくは、グラファイトは0.20〜0.80重量%の間の量、より好ましくは0.30〜0.60重量%の量で加えられる。 Carbon is introduced into the matrix to increase the strength and altitude of the sintered component. Carbon is added to the composition as graphite in an amount between 0.15 and 1.0% by weight of the composition. If the amount is less than 0.15% by weight, the strength becomes too low, and if it exceeds 1.0% by weight, excessive carbides are formed, which negatively affects the characteristics of nitride formation. Preferably, the graphite is added in an amount between 0.20 and 0.80 wt%, more preferably 0.30 to 0.60 wt%.
潤滑剤は、圧縮成形及び圧縮成形されたコンポーネントの押出しを容易にさせるために、その組成物に添加される。潤滑剤組成物の0.05重量%未満の添加はたいした影響を与えず、その組成物の2重量%を超える添加は、圧縮成形体(compacted body)の低過ぎる密度をもたらすことになる。好ましくは、添加される潤滑剤の量は、その組成物の0.3〜0.8重量%の間であり、より好ましくはその組成物の0.4〜0.6重量%の間である。圧縮成形に適した、いかなるタイプの潤滑剤を使用してもよい。潤滑剤は、金属ステアリン酸塩、ワックス、脂肪酸及びその誘導体、オリゴマー、ポリマー、及び潤滑効果を有する他の有機物質の群から選択してもよい。 A lubricant is added to the composition to facilitate compression molding and extrusion of the compression molded component. Addition of less than 0.05% by weight of the lubricant composition has no significant effect, and additions of more than 2% by weight of the composition will result in too low a density of the compacted body. Preferably, the amount of lubricant added is between 0.3 and 0.8% by weight of the composition, more preferably between 0.4 and 0.6% by weight of the composition. . Any type of lubricant suitable for compression molding may be used. The lubricant may be selected from the group of metal stearates, waxes, fatty acids and derivatives thereof, oligomers, polymers, and other organic substances having a lubricating effect.
一実施態様において、加熱された金型(die)で圧縮成形するのに適した複合潤滑粒子、例えば、10〜60重量%の、18超で24以下の炭素原子を有する少なくとも一の第一級の脂肪酸アミド(primary fatty acid amide)と、40〜90重量%の少なくとも一の脂肪酸ビスアミドとのコアを含む複合潤滑粒子であって、前記潤滑粒子がそのコア上に付着した少なくとも一の金属酸化物のナノ粒子も含むものが、選択される。 In one embodiment, composite lubricating particles suitable for compression molding with a heated die, eg, 10-60% by weight of at least one primary having more than 18 and no more than 24 carbon atoms. A composite lubricant particle comprising a core of a primary fatty acid amide and 40 to 90% by weight of at least one fatty acid bisamide, wherein the lubricant particles are deposited on the core. Are also selected that also contain the nanoparticles.
好ましい実施態様において、加熱された金型で圧縮成形するのに適した複合潤滑粒子は、10〜30重量%の少なくとも一の第一級の脂肪酸アミドと、70〜90重量%の少なくとも一の脂肪酸ビスアミドとを含む。その少なくとも一の脂肪酸ビスアミドは、好ましくは、メチレンビスオレアミド、メチレンビスステアルアミド、エチレンビスオレアミド、ヘキシレンビスステアルアミド、及びエチレンビスステアルアミドからなる群から選択される。その少なくとも一の金属酸化物のナノ粒子は、好ましくは、TiO2、Al2O3、SnO2、SiO2、CeO2及びインジウムチタン酸化物からなる群から選択される。 In a preferred embodiment, the composite lubricating particles suitable for compression molding with a heated mold comprise 10-30% by weight of at least one primary fatty acid amide and 70-90% by weight of at least one fatty acid. And bisamide. The at least one fatty acid bisamide is preferably selected from the group consisting of methylene bis oleamide, methylene bis stearamide, ethylene bis oleamide, hexylene bis stearamide, and ethylene bis stearamide. The at least one metal oxide nanoparticle is preferably selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , SnO 2 , SiO 2 , CeO 2 and indium titanium oxide.
銅(Cu)は、一般に、粉末冶金技術における元素を合金化して使用される。Cuは、固溶体硬化を通じて、強度と硬度を高める。Cuは、また、焼結温度が達成する前の銅溶融としての焼結の間、焼結ネックの形成を容易にさせ、いわゆる液相焼結を提供する。粉末は、任意でCu、好ましくは0.2〜3重量%のCuと混合されてもよい。好ましい実施態様では、銅はその組成物に混合されない。 Copper (Cu) is generally used by alloying elements in powder metallurgy technology. Cu increases strength and hardness through solid solution hardening. Cu also facilitates the formation of a sintering neck during sintering as copper melt before the sintering temperature is achieved, providing so-called liquid phase sintering. The powder may optionally be mixed with Cu, preferably 0.2 to 3 wt% Cu. In a preferred embodiment, copper is not mixed into the composition.
ニッケル(Ni)は、良好な延性特性を提供しつつ、強度と硬度を増加させる。しかしながら、1.5重量%を超える含有量は、加熱処理条件中にNiに富むオーステナイトを形成する傾向にあり、材料の強度を低下させる。粉末は、任意で、0.1〜1.5重量%の量のNiに混合されてもよい。好ましい実施態様では、ニッケルはその組成物に混合されない。 Nickel (Ni) increases strength and hardness while providing good ductility properties. However, a content exceeding 1.5% by weight tends to form Ni-rich austenite during the heat treatment conditions, thereby reducing the strength of the material. The powder may optionally be mixed with Ni in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight. In a preferred embodiment, nickel is not mixed into the composition.
機械加工増強剤(単数及び複数)は、任意で、その組成物に、その組成物の0.1〜1.0重量%の量で混合することができる。0.1重量%を下回ると、その効果は不十分であり、1.0重量%を上回ると、更なる向上はもたらされない。好ましくは、混合する場合、機械加工増強剤(単数及び複数)は、その組成物の0.2〜0.8重量%、より好ましくは、その組成物の0.3〜0.7重量%である。機械加工増強剤(単数及び複数)は、好ましくは、MnS、MoS2、CaF2、及び/又はフィロケイ酸塩、例えば、カオリナイト、スメクタイト、ベントナイト、及びマイカ(モスコバイト又はフロゴバイト等)からなる群から選択される。作動条件において、前記機械加工増強剤(単数及び複数)は、固体潤滑剤としても作用し、それ故にその組成物の耐摩耗性を増加させるのを助ける。他の従来の焼結添加剤、例えば、硬質相材料は、任意で、その組成物に混合させてもよい。 Machining enhancer (s) can optionally be mixed into the composition in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of the composition. Below 0.1% by weight, the effect is inadequate, and above 1.0% by weight, no further improvement is brought about. Preferably, when mixed, the machining enhancer (s) is 0.2-0.8% by weight of the composition, more preferably 0.3-0.7% by weight of the composition. is there. The machining enhancer (s) are preferably from the group consisting of MnS, MoS 2 , CaF 2 , and / or phyllosilicates such as kaolinite, smectite, bentonite, and mica (such as moscobite or phlogobite). Selected. In operating conditions, the machining enhancer (s) also act as solid lubricants and therefore help to increase the wear resistance of the composition. Other conventional sintering additives, such as hard phase materials, may optionally be mixed into the composition.
圧縮成形
鉄基粉末組成物は、プレス成形に移行され、400〜2000MPaの間、好ましくは500〜1200MPaの成形圧に付される。好ましい実施態様においては、そのプレス中の金型は、圧縮成形前及びその間に、40〜100℃、好ましくは50〜80℃の温度で加熱される。この技術は、「温間金型圧縮成形」又は「加熱金型圧縮成形(heated die compaction)」と称される。好ましくは、そのコンポーネントは、少なくとも7.10g/cm3、好ましくは少なくとも7.15g/cm3、より好ましくは少なくとも7.20g/cm3のグリーン密度に圧縮成形される。
The compression-molded iron-based powder composition is transferred to press molding and subjected to a molding pressure of 400 to 2000 MPa, preferably 500 to 1200 MPa. In a preferred embodiment, the mold in the press is heated at a temperature of 40-100 ° C, preferably 50-80 ° C, before and during compression molding. This technique is referred to as “warm mold compression molding” or “heated die compaction”. Preferably, the component is at least 7.10 g / cm 3, preferably compression molded at least 7.15 g / cm 3, more preferably the green density of at least 7.20 g / cm 3.
潤滑及び圧縮成形工程の選択のおかげで、高グリーン密度を達成でき、超過な寸法変化無く、高い焼結密度を確実にする。これは、焼結コンポーネントの良好な公差と閉鎖気孔を提供する。 Thanks to the choice of lubrication and compression molding process, a high green density can be achieved, ensuring a high sintered density without excessive dimensional changes. This provides good tolerances and closed pores of the sintered component.
焼結
得られたグリーンコンポーネントは、更に、約1000〜1400℃の温度で、還元雰囲気中で焼結に付される。好ましい実施態様では、そのコンポーネントは、1000〜1200℃、好ましくは1050〜1180℃、最も好ましくは1080〜1160℃の範囲の、標準焼結温度で焼結される。しかしながら、要件によって左右されるので、そのコンポーネントは、より高い温度、例えば、1200〜1400℃、好ましくは1200〜1300℃、最も好ましくは1220〜1280℃で焼結することもできる。
The green component obtained by sintering is further subjected to sintering in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of about 1000-1400 ° C. In a preferred embodiment, the component is sintered at a standard sintering temperature in the range of 1000 to 1200 ° C, preferably 1050 to 1180 ° C, and most preferably 1080 to 1160 ° C. However, depending on the requirements, the component can also be sintered at higher temperatures, for example 1200-1400 ° C, preferably 1200-1300 ° C, most preferably 1220-1280 ° C.
そのコンポーネントは、7.1〜7.6g/cm3、好ましくは7.15〜7.50g/cm3、より好ましくは7.20〜7.45g/cm3の範囲の密度に焼結される。しかしながら、7.6g/cm3よりも高い密度に焼結することも可能である。 The component is sintered to a density in the range of 7.1-7.6 g / cm 3 , preferably 7.15-7.50 g / cm 3 , more preferably 7.20-7.45 g / cm 3. . However, it is also possible to sinter to a density higher than 7.6 g / cm 3 .
焼結後の処理
焼結コンポーネントは、次に、所望する微細構造を得るために、窒化工程に付される。その窒化工程は、500℃付近の温度の窒素含有雰囲気中で実施される。好ましい実施態様では、窒化工程は、400〜600℃、好ましくは470℃〜580℃の温度で、3時間未満、好ましくは2時間未満、より好ましくは1時間未満のソーキング時間で、窒素及び水素ガスの混合物中で実施される。しかしながら、窒化中のソーキング時間は、好ましくは少なくとも10分、より好ましくは20分である。
The treated sintered component after sintering is then subjected to a nitriding step to obtain the desired microstructure. The nitriding step is performed in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere at a temperature around 500 ° C. In a preferred embodiment, the nitriding step is performed at a temperature of 400-600 ° C., preferably 470 ° C.-580 ° C., with a soaking time of less than 3 hours, preferably less than 2 hours, more preferably less than 1 hour, and nitrogen and hydrogen gas. In a mixture of However, the soaking time during nitriding is preferably at least 10 minutes, more preferably 20 minutes.
任意で、他の普通に見られるタイプの窒化工程、例えば、(限定されないが)浸炭窒化(carbonitriding、nitrocarburizing)を用いることができる。 Optionally, other commonly found types of nitriding processes can be used, for example (but not limited to) carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing.
コンポーネントへの超過な窒素の浸透は脆性構造になる可能性があるので、通常、ガス窒化でコンポーネントを焼結する時、その焼結コンポーネントは、気孔を閉鎖し、窒素の浸透の調整を可能にするため、最初にスチーム処理される必要がある。しかしながら、このステップは、達成される焼結密度が閉鎖気孔を確実にさせる程に十分に高いので、本発明によるコンポーネントを提供する時に必須ではない。したがって、そのコンポーネントは、スチーム処理という前ステップ無く調整されるやり方で窒化されるケースになり得る。 Excessive nitrogen penetration into a component can lead to a brittle structure, so when sintering a component with gas nitriding, the sintered component usually closes the pores and allows for adjustment of nitrogen penetration In order to do that, it needs to be steamed first. However, this step is not essential when providing the component according to the invention, since the sintered density achieved is high enough to ensure closed pores. Thus, the component can be nitrided in a coordinated manner without the previous step of steaming.
本発明の方法を使用する時、コンポーネントの表面は、1〜20μm、好ましくは5〜15μmの厚さの、窒素に富む、いわゆる白層又は化合物層と、窒素が濃縮された、ほぼ1〜6mm、好ましくは1〜4mmの深さに至るまでの硬化ゾーンとを含む。 When using the method of the present invention, the surface of the component has a thickness of 1-20 μm, preferably 5-15 μm, a nitrogen-rich so-called white layer or compound layer, and a nitrogen enriched, approximately 1-6 mm. And preferably a curing zone up to a depth of 1 to 4 mm.
最終コンポーネントの特性
本発明によって製造されるコンポーネントは、潤滑滑り接触での高い耐摩耗性を達成する。達成される耐摩耗性は、チルド鋳鉄で作られるコンポーネントに匹敵する。
Properties of the final component The component produced according to the present invention achieves high wear resistance in lubricated sliding contact. The abrasion resistance achieved is comparable to components made from chilled cast iron.
焼結コンポーネントは、焼結後、ガス窒化前のスチーム処理の必要無く、直接的に閉鎖気孔を有する。 Sintered components have closed pores directly after sintering without the need for steam treatment prior to gas nitriding.
更に、クレームされた方法により作られたコンポーネントは、CCIコンポーネントに比べてより深い表面気孔を含み、このことは、潤滑油や機械加工増強剤はこれらの気孔内に存在するようになるので、作動条件中、いかなる具体的な理論と結びつけることなく、潤滑効果を提供するように思われる。 Furthermore, components made by the claimed method contain deeper surface pores compared to CCI components, which means that lubricants and machining enhancers will be present in these pores In the condition, it seems to provide a lubricating effect without being tied to any specific theory.
好ましい実施態様では、窒化された最終コンポーネントは、0.5〜1mmの深さで、コアの2倍超、好ましくは600MHV0.05超、より好ましくはコアの硬度が300MHV0.05の時に700MHV0.05超、或いは700MHV0.05超、コアの硬度が350MHV0.05付近の時に好ましくは800MHV0.05超の硬度を有する。全ケースの深さは、0.5〜4mm、好ましくは1.0〜3.0mm、より好ましくは1.5〜2.5mmの間にあるべきである。 In a preferred embodiment, the final nitrided component is 0.5 to 1 mm deep and more than twice the core, preferably more than 600 MHV 0.05 , more preferably 700 MHV when the core hardness is 300 MHV 0.05. When the core hardness is more than 0.05 or 700 MHV 0.05 and the core hardness is around 350 MHV 0.05 , it preferably has a hardness of more than 800 MHV 0.05 . The depth of all cases should be between 0.5-4 mm, preferably 1.0-3.0 mm, more preferably 1.5-2.5 mm.
コア硬度という用語は、窒化前のコンポーネントの中心にある硬度値として解されるべきである。全ケースの深さという用語は、コンポーネントの表面からの距離と解されるべきであり、そこでの硬度値は、そのコア硬度値と同じである。 The term core hardness should be understood as the hardness value at the center of the component before nitriding. The term full case depth should be taken as the distance from the surface of the component, where the hardness value is the same as its core hardness value.
実施例のセクションに記載されている試験方法によれば、最終コンポーネントは、潤滑滑り接触での良好な耐摩耗性を実証している。100秒で2.5m/sの滑り速度で試験されると、そのコンポーネントは、少なくとも800MPaまで、好ましくは少なくとも900MPaまで、より好ましくは少なくとも1000MPaまでのヘルツ圧力に対して安全な摩耗を示す。 According to the test method described in the Examples section, the final component demonstrates good wear resistance in lubricated sliding contact. When tested at a sliding speed of 2.5 m / s in 100 seconds, the component exhibits safe wear against Hertz pressures of up to at least 800 MPa, preferably up to at least 900 MPa, more preferably up to at least 1000 MPa.
試験方法
潤滑滑り接触における摩耗の一般的な特性評価は、1980年代にOECDの支援を受けた非公式グループIRG−WOEMに参加している国際的水準にある研究者等により行われた。いくつかの共同組織調査は、IRG摩耗遷移図(IRG-wear transitions diagram)が最も重要なものであり得るという有益な成果の重大性を与えた(図1参照)。
Test Methods General characterization of wear in lubricated sliding contact was performed by researchers at international levels participating in the informal group IRG-WOEM backed by OECD in the 1980s. Several collaborative studies have given the significance of the beneficial outcome that the IRG-wear transitions diagram can be the most important (see Figure 1).
IRG摩耗遷移図(図1)は、穏やかな(安全な)摩耗、限界摩耗、及びすり減り(重大な付着摩耗)という三つの主要な磨耗領域を示す。この摩耗は、主に、接触表面間の相対滑り速度(relative sliding velocity)に依存するが、潤滑状態、潤滑剤の性質、表面粗さ等の他の要素、即ち、接触体(contacting body)のトポグラフィー(topography)や、表面冶金(surface metallurgy)や、表面形状(geometry)にも依存する。異なる合金は、異なる圧力下で類似の曲線を示し、図1は実例として示されているだけである。 The IRG wear transition diagram (FIG. 1) shows three main wear areas: mild (safe) wear, marginal wear, and wear (critical adhesion wear). This wear depends mainly on the relative sliding velocity between the contact surfaces, but other factors such as lubrication, lubricant properties, surface roughness, ie contact body. It also depends on topography, surface metallurgy, and surface geometry. Different alloys show similar curves under different pressures, and FIG. 1 is only shown as an example.
カムフォロワー滑り接触(cam follower sliding contact)に対する自動車用カムローブは、約0.1m/s、使用時には3m/sを超える滑り速度に付されたコンポーネントの良い例である。1988年には、Chatterley[T.C.Chatterley,“Cam and Cam Follower Reliability”,SAE Paper No.885033,1988]が、CCI被覆ホウ化セラミックフォロワー(CCI, coated, boronized and ceramic followers)に対する多くのチルド鋳鉄(CCI)カムローブを試験する、MIRAエンジンのテストベンチをまとめた。1000MPaレベルは、SiNセラミック試験コンビネーション(SiN ceramic test combination)に対してCCIのみが合格したが、800MPaのヘルツレベルは、試験運転の大半について失敗のないものであった。 An automotive cam lobe for cam follower sliding contact is a good example of a component subjected to a sliding speed of about 0.1 m / s and in use over 3 m / s. In 1988, Chatterley [T. C. Chatterley, “Cam and Cam Follower Reliability”, SAE Paper No. 885033, 1988] have compiled a test bench for the MIRA engine that tests many chilled cast iron (CCI) cam lobes against CCI coated, boronized and ceramic followers. The 1000 MPa level passed only the CCI for the SiN ceramic test combination, while the 800 MPa Hertz level was unfailing for most of the test run.
上記に基づいて、3つの滑り速度、すなわち、0.1、0.5及び2.5m/sで、潤滑剤として90℃で標準エンジンオイル(明細書の表1を参照)を用いて、この調査における摩耗試験が行われた。2.5m/sでは、すり減りが生じるまでヘルツ圧力を増加させながら段階的に試験が行われた。 Based on the above, this was done using standard engine oil (see Table 1 of the specification) at 90 ° C. as a lubricant at three sliding speeds, ie 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 m / s. A wear test in the survey was conducted. At 2.5 m / s, tests were conducted in stages with increasing Hertz pressure until wear occurred.
市販の摩擦計、多目的摩擦摩耗計測機械を用いて、交差シリンダー(crossed cylinders)試験セットアップとともに、摩耗試験が行われた(図2)。ACサイリスタ制御モーターがカウンターリング(counter ring)を駆動する間、この摩擦計は、自重/負荷アーム(dead weight/load arm)によりシリンダー試料のホルダー(cylinder specimen holder)に常用負荷を加える。このカウンターリングは、約25mlのオイルでオイルバスに浸され、150℃まで加熱する選択肢がある。PCはこの試験を制御し、接点における直線変位(linear displacement)、摩耗、摩擦力及びオイル温度を記録する。変位変換器は試験シリンダーの上ではなく、負荷アームレバー(load arm lever)上に配置されるため、得られた直線変位は、摩耗痕(wear track)を超えて、直線摩耗(linear wear)の約3倍である。ヘルツ圧力は、シリンダーサンプルの直線摩耗hに比例し、それは、順に、摩耗痕の長さaに比例する。図3によって示されるように、この長さaは、光学顕微鏡を用いて視覚的に決定できる。 A wear test was performed using a commercially available tribometer, a multipurpose friction and wear measuring machine, along with a crossed cylinders test setup (FIG. 2). While the AC thyristor control motor drives the counter ring, the tribometer applies a working load to the cylinder specimen holder by dead weight / load arm. This counter ring has the option of being immersed in an oil bath with about 25 ml of oil and heated to 150 ° C. The PC controls this test and records the linear displacement, wear, friction force and oil temperature at the contacts. The displacement transducer is placed on the load arm lever, not on the test cylinder, so the linear displacement obtained exceeds the wear track and is linear wear. About three times. Hertz pressure is proportional to the linear wear h of the cylinder sample, which in turn is proportional to the wear scar length a. As shown by FIG. 3, this length a can be visually determined using an optical microscope.
表1は、摩耗試験中に使用される潤滑油の性質を記載したものである。
表2は、試験中に使用されるプレアロイ鋼粉末を記載したものである。
Distaloy(商標名)DC−1、Astaloy(商標名)CrL及びAstaloy(商標名)85Moは、Hoganas AB(www.hoganas.com)から入手できる公知の粉末冶金プレアロイ鋼粉末である。粉末Cは、Astaloy(商標名)85Mo及びAstaloy(商標名)CrLと同じやり方で製造される。 Distaloy (TM) DC-1, Astaro (TM) CrL and Astaloy (TM) 85Mo are known powder metallurgy prealloy steel powders available from Hoganas AB (www.hoganas.com). Powder C is produced in the same way as Astloy ™ 85Mo and Astloy ™ CrL.
表3及び4に要約されるように、この調査の試験試料は、焼結試験試料及び参考鋳鉄試料であった。 As summarized in Tables 3 and 4, the test samples for this study were a sintered test sample and a reference cast iron sample.
図4は、2.5m/sでの試験試料の評価からの結果を表している。驚くべきことに、本発明に従って作製されたすべての試料が、参考試料R1及びR2、すなわち、チルド鋳鉄の参考例に匹敵するレベルに達していることが分かる。参考試料のC−Rと本発明のC−A、C−B及びC−Cを比較すると、単一プレス/単一焼結による焼結コンポーネントの新たな製造方法が実際にいかに効率的であるかが明確になる。 FIG. 4 represents the results from the evaluation of the test sample at 2.5 m / s. Surprisingly, it can be seen that all samples made according to the invention have reached levels comparable to the reference samples R1 and R2, ie the reference example of chilled cast iron. Comparing the CR of the reference sample with the C-A, C-B, and C-C of the present invention, how efficient is the new method of manufacturing a sintered component by single press / single sintering? It becomes clear.
さらに、組成物C−Aについて、3つの速度の窒化ステップ前後での比較を行った。その結果は表5に見られる。 Furthermore, the composition C-A was compared before and after the three nitridation steps. The results can be seen in Table 5.
表5において、窒化ステップは材料の性質に不可欠であることが分かる。すでに、320MPaのヘルツレベルにおいては、クレームに記載されたステップa)からd)のみが行われ、窒化ステップe)は行われなかったコンポーネントは、重大な摩耗を示した。一方、ステップa)からe)を行ったコンポーネントは、初めて1100MPaのヘルツレベルにおいて重大な摩耗を示した。すなわち、大幅に向上した。表5の結果は、図5に例示されている。 In Table 5, it can be seen that the nitriding step is essential to the material properties. Already at the hertz level of 320 MPa, the components that were only subjected to the claimed steps a) to d) and not the nitriding step e) showed significant wear. On the other hand, the components subjected to steps a) to e) showed significant wear for the first time at a hertz level of 1100 MPa. That is, it improved significantly. The results in Table 5 are illustrated in FIG.
図6は、窒化試料C−Aの金属組織画像を示す。上記の結果で示された通り、高い耐付着摩耗性を備える白色の窒化物濃縮層(nitride enriched layer)が焼結表面に見られる。 FIG. 6 shows a metallographic image of the nitride sample C-A. As shown by the above results, a white nitride enriched layer with high adhesion wear resistance is found on the sintered surface.
図7は、(ISO4498:2005及びISO4507:2000による)ビッカースで測定された試料C−Aの硬度分析結果を示す。この図に見られる通り、硬度は1mmの深さで約700MHV0.05であり、したがって、中心部の硬度の2倍よりも高い硬度を有するケースが形成された。 FIG. 7 shows the hardness analysis results of sample C-A measured with Vickers (according to ISO 4498: 2005 and ISO 4507: 2000). As can be seen in this figure, the hardness was about 700 MHV 0.05 at a depth of 1 mm, thus forming a case with a hardness higher than twice the hardness of the center.
Claims (12)
a) 0.3質量%未満のMnと、0.2〜3.5質量%のCr、0.05〜1.20質量%のMoおよび0.05〜0.4質量%のVのうちの少なくとも1つと、最大で0.5質量%の付随不純物と、残余の鉄とを含んでなる、プレアロイ鉄基鋼粉末を提供する工程と、
b) 前記プレアロイ鉄基鋼粉末を、潤滑剤およびグラファイトと混合し、任意で機械加工増強剤および他の従来の焼結添加剤を混合する工程と、
c) 工程bの混合組成物を、40〜100℃に加熱された金型を用いて、圧力400〜2000MPaの圧縮成形に付して、成形体を提供する工程と、
d) 工程cからの前記成形体を還元性雰囲気下で1000〜1400℃の温度で焼結して、焼結コンポーネントを提供する工程と、
e) 工程dの前記焼結コンポーネントを、窒素ガス含有雰囲気下で400〜600℃の温度で3時間未満のソーキング時間で窒化する工程と、
を含み、前記潤滑剤が、10〜60質量%の、18超で24以下の炭素原子を有する少なくとも一の第一級の脂肪酸アミドと、40〜90質量%の少なくとも一の脂肪酸ビスアミドとのコアを含む複合潤滑粒子からなり、前記潤滑粒子が前記コア上に付着した少なくとも一の金属酸化物のナノ粒子も含む、方法。 A method of manufacturing a nitrided sintered component by single press , single sintering and nitriding , comprising:
a) and less than 0.3 mass% Mn, of 0.2 to 3.5 mass% Cr, the 0.05 to 1.20 mass% Mo and 0.05 to 0.4 mass% of at least one of a and V, the steps of providing 0.5 and mass% of incidental impurities up, comprising a balance of iron, pre-alloyed iron-based steel powder,
b) mixing the pre-alloyed iron-based steel powder with a lubricant and graphite, optionally mixing with a machining enhancer and other conventional sintering additives;
c) subjecting the mixed composition of step b to compression molding at a pressure of 400 to 2000 MPa using a mold heated to 40 to 100 ° C. to provide a molded body;
d) sintering the shaped body from step c at a temperature of 1000-1400 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere to provide a sintered component;
e) nitriding the sintered component of step d under a nitrogen gas-containing atmosphere at a temperature of 400-600 ° C. for a soaking time of less than 3 hours;
Hints, the lubricant is 10 to 60 mass%, 18 at least one primary fatty acid amide having 24 or fewer carbon atoms in excess, and 40-90 mass% of at least one fatty acid bisamide A composite lubricating particle comprising a core of the at least one metal oxide, wherein the lubricating particle also comprises at least one metal oxide nanoparticle deposited on the core.
残余のFeと、
0.09質量%〜0.3質量%未満のMnと、
1.3質量%〜1.6質量%のCrと、
0.15〜0.3質量%のMoと、
最大で0.3質量%の付随不純物と、
からなる、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。 The pre-alloy iron base steel powder is
The remaining Fe,
And Mn of less than 0.09 mass% to 0.3 mass%,
1.3 and Cr in mass% to 1.6 mass%,
0.15 to 0.3 and the mass% of Mo,
0.3 and the mass percent of the incidental impurities in the maximum,
The method according to claim 1, comprising:
残余のFeと、
0.09質量%〜0.3質量%未満のMnと、
1.5質量%〜1.9質量%のCrと、
最大で0.1質量%のMoと、
最大で0.3質量%の付随不純物と、
からなる、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。 The pre-alloy iron base steel powder is
The remaining Fe,
And Mn of less than 0.09 mass% to 0.3 mass%,
1.5 and Cr of mass% to 1.9 mass%,
0.1 and mass% of Mo at the maximum,
0.3 and the mass percent of the incidental impurities in the maximum,
The method according to claim 1, comprising:
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