CN101328943A - Motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet, preparation process and pairing sheet thereof - Google Patents
Motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet, preparation process and pairing sheet thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101328943A CN101328943A CNA2008100699985A CN200810069998A CN101328943A CN 101328943 A CN101328943 A CN 101328943A CN A2008100699985 A CNA2008100699985 A CN A2008100699985A CN 200810069998 A CN200810069998 A CN 200810069998A CN 101328943 A CN101328943 A CN 101328943A
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Abstract
The invention provides an iron base friction plate for a motorcycle clutch which is sintered by an iron-base powder metallurgical material. The formula comprises the following compositions of the iron base friction plate in percentage by weight: 1.0 to 6.0 percent of manganese, 0.2 to 1.5 percent of carbon, 1.0 to 5.5 percent of copper, respectively more than 0 but less than 10.0 percent of one or a plurality of compositions of silicon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, lead, ferric sulfide, tungsten, silicon dioxide, calcium sulfide and asbestos, and the balance being iron, with a density range of the friction plate of between 6.2 and 7.2g/cm<3>. The friction plate uses iron as a base with low cost, which is only one sixth to one tenth of the cost of a copper base material; with the adoption of a powder metallurgy technology, the manufacturing process of the iron base friction plate is simpler than that of the copper base friction plate. A dual disc matched with the friction plate is made of a mild steel disc, and is subject to nitridizing heat treatment or soft nitriding heat treatment on the surface, with a thickness of a nitration case of the dual disc more than or equal to 0.005mm and hardness of the dual disc more than or equal to 350HV0.1. The friction plate can be used under a wet condition, not only has a higher friction coefficient (0.09 to 0.13), but also has excellent wearing resistance, and can be used in the motorcycle clutch.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to clutch the wet friction sheet and the antithesis sheet thereof of motorcycle industry.
Background technique:
The friction plate of motorcycle engine internal clutch is operated in the oil bath, and its working oil temperature is-40 ℃ to+120 ℃, and in fact, the temperature of friction plate working surface under half-clutch state according to its engine speed and half-clutch time length considerably beyond+120 ℃.What existing wet friction sheet adopted is the rubbery cork sill, has problems such as non-refractory, operating life is short, anti-overload ability is weak.In the fault that motorcycle often occurs, friction plate is ablated and has been accounted for the racing car and the go-anywhere vehicle of significant proportion, particularly tricycle, beach buggy, big discharge capacity, and friction plate is ablated to lose efficacy and had a strong impact on its market.At present a lot of motorcycle engine manufactories try to verify the quality of its friction plate with the road under overload and the rugged environment.But need only the friction plate of making of the rubbery cork base in any case, because the behaviour in service of clutch of motorcycle is half-clutch often, Friction Disk Surface temperature height, variation are greatly, therefore in the use of motorcycle, friction plate particularly all takes place in the racing car of tricycle, beach buggy, big discharge capacity and go-anywhere vehicle easily ablate and lost efficacy.
At present, also there is technology to adopt powdered metallurgical material to make friction plate in research.Because friction plate is to be operated in the oil bath, what consider usually is to make friction material with copper base+alloying element etc. to be coated on and to sinter friction plate on the steel skeleton into, or adopt carbon friction material+copper (15%-30%)+other alloying element+binder to be pressed into friction plate at 200 ℃, the powder metallurgy friction material of a large amount of copper bases of this employing, price comparison is expensive, and complex process, as press temperature that need friction material layer and Steel Skeleton combined sintering and material is higher etc., be unfavorable for being used in motorcycle industry.Also have technology to consider to make skeleton with iron-base powder metallurgy material, the coating friction material is hot-forming on its working surface, but its complex process, and cost is also higher.Directly adopt the iron-based powder metallurgy friction material compacting sintering to become the technology of clutch of motorcycle wet friction sheet not appear in the newspapers as yet.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is at the prior art above shortcomings, propose a kind of motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet, preparation process and antithesis sheet thereof, improve the overload capacity of friction plate, reduce cost.
Technological scheme of the present invention is as follows:
This motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet adopts the iron-base powder metallurgy material sintering to form, and material prescription comprises by weight percentage: manganese 1.0-6.0%, carbon 0.2-1.5%, copper 1.0-5.5%, all the other are iron.
Prescription is preferably: manganese 1.5-3.5%, and carbon 0.35-1.2%, copper 1.5-3.5%, all the other are iron.
Further, also select in the following material one or more to do helper component in the material prescription: silicon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, lead, iron sulfide, tungsten, silica, calcium sulfide, asbestos, the adding quantity of these several helper components is respectively greater than 0 and less than 10.0%, and total amount is no more than 15%.
Scope is preferably: silicon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, lead, iron sulfide, tungsten, silica, calcium sulfide, asbestos, and the adding quantity of these several helper components is respectively greater than 0 and less than 5.0%, and total amount is no more than 10%.
The density range of friction plate: 6.2-7.2g/cm
3
In the friction plate design, think that in theory the friction material that is operated under the liquid condition usually should be based on the copper base, because the friction factor of copper base friction material in liquid is 0.1-0.12, friction factor is higher, and iron-based friction material only is useful on dry friction bigger friction factor is arranged, its friction factor is 0.28-0.42; If iron-based is used for the medium of liquid, friction factor can violently descend, for example, Chilled Hardened Steel is 0.02-0.06 to Chilled Hardened Steel friction factor in liquid medium, it is generally acknowledged this and the iron-base powder metallurgical product friction factor in liquid medium close (because of Chilled Hardened Steel can be considered the high-density iron-base material, the about 7.85g/cm of density
3).And the inventor is by repeatedly practising, find to use means of a powder metallurgy technique, with the iron-based is the main alloying elements that adds, the content of reasonable these alloying elements of assembly, reasonable control of density and surface roughness, consider wear resistance, intensity simultaneously and do not damage the antithesis sheet factors such as gummed do not take place with the antithesis sheet yet, in liquid medium, can significantly improve its friction factor.At first, common iron-base powder metallurgy material will improve its friction factor in liquid medium, need to reduce hardness, reduce density, increase hole, and the roughness that increases its working surface, but the intensity of friction plate can reduce again like this, not wear-resisting, therefore the claimant is by reducing Kohlenstoffgehalt, reduce density, increase surface roughness to improve friction factor, add suitable manganese simultaneously, copper improves its wear resistance and intensity, further consider adding silicon in addition, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, plumbous, iron sulfide, tungsten, asbestos, silica, calcium sulfides etc. are to increase the tensile strength and the friction factor of friction plate; Like this, make the friction factor of friction material in liquid can reach 0.09-0.13, the friction factor of this iron reaches or (friction factor of copper base friction material under the liquid working state is: 0.1-0.12), can satisfy the designing requirement of clutch of motorcycle wet friction sheet at the friction factor under the liquid working state near copper base friction material.Because the iron-based working surface can bear very big load sudden change, thereby be fit to very much the user mode of clutch of motorcycle friction plate.The present invention promptly proposes this rational prescription.
The method step for preparing above-mentioned motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet is as follows:
(1) batch mixing: earlier by formula rate with the raw material batch mixer of packing into, mix.
(2) die mould: with the raw material that the mixes mould of packing into, by press machine compression moulding, the unit pressure of compression moulding is 2-7t/cm
2
(3) sintering: the product of compression moulding is sent into sintering furnace, and firing temperature is 1100 ℃ to 1200 ℃, slow cooling then.
(4) shaping: for do not reach behind the sintering product that flatness requires smooth with mould on the press or levelling machine on smooth.
(5) finished product.
In order to reach better using effect, the antithesis sheet that is used with above-mentioned friction plate adopts the mild steel sheet to make, and carries out nitrogenize or nitrocarburizing heat treatment, the thickness 〉=0.008mm of its nitride layer, hardness 〉=350HV0.1 on the surface.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) the present invention adopts iron, produces friction plate by the powder metallurgical technique flow process, and the metallographic structure of product is mainly fine pearlite+ferrite+dispersed network phase+hole, see Figure 1A and Figure 1B, among the figure, 1 is pearlite, 2 is ferrite, and 3 is dispersed network phase, and 4 is hole.This friction plate constitutes friction pair with adopting mild steel+antithesis sheet surfaces nitrided or nitrocarburizing heat treatment preparation, be applied in the liquid working state, compare with traditional rubbery cork based friction plate, this friction pair has very strong anti-overload ability, during overload, friction plate can not ablated, and the antithesis sheet can not damage yet.
(2) the iron cost is low, has only sixth to ten/one of copper-based material; And the manufacturing of whole employing powder metallurgical technique, more simple with respect to the manufacturing process of copper-base friction plate and basic unit+friction layer combined friction sheet.
(3) long service life.On screen display PV frictional testing machine, carry out wet type sliding friction test, operating conditions is 80 ℃ to 130 ℃ of operating temperatures, sliding friction time 55 hours, friction plate thickness wear extent＜0.1mm, and friction plate does not have ablation, friction torque＞50Nm, satisfy the usage requirement of motorcycle, can be used for existing clutch of motorcycle.
(4) can design the friction plate that adapts with braking torque according to engine displacement.
Description of drawings
The metallographic structure of Figure 1A and Figure 1B friction plate of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Below by embodiment technology of the present invention is described further:
Embodiment (1)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 2% manganese, 0.21% silicon, 1.7% bronze medal, 0.8% nickel, 0.6% carbon, and all the other are formed for iron; By above-mentioned formula rate with the raw material batch mixer of packing into, with the powder that the mixes mould of packing into, at unit pressure 5t/cm
2Compacted under; The product that suppresses is sent into sintering furnace, and firing temperature is 1130 ℃ to 1160 ℃, and slow cooling then if the product surface flatness does not reach requirement, need be carried out shaping with mould to it on press, finally obtain finished product.With the said goods be: wear extent 0.010mm after rubbing 8 hours in measured fretting wear parameter on the screen display PV frictional testing machine, 8-35 hour wear extent 0.029mm rubs, the 35-55 hour wear extent 0.021mm that rub, the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.130, braking torque＞50Nm.Friction plate tensile strength 80-110MPa.
80 ℃-130 ℃ of simulation test condition: axial pressure 1kN, spindle speed 1400rpm, engine lubricating oil, temperature; Friction is 55 hours continuously.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (2)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 0.5% chromium, 5% manganese, 1.5% bronze medal, 0.8% molybdenum, 1.0% carbon, and all the other are formed for iron.Adopt embodiment 1 powder metallurgical technique sintering to make.With the product test on screen display PV frictional testing machine that makes, test test conditions, requirement is identical with example (1), and test result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.118, braking torque＞50Nm, preceding 28 hours monolithic wear extent 0.035mm, back 27 hours wear extent 0.020mm.Friction plate tensile strength 90-120MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (3)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 1.0% manganese, 5% bronze medal, 0.8% carbon, 0.1% silicon, 0.8% nickel, 1.6% iron sulfide, and all the other are formed for iron.Adopt embodiment's (1) powder metallurgical technique to make, testing on the machine on the screen display PV frictional testing machine, test conditions is identical with example (1), weares and teares continuously 20 hours; Test result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.097, braking torque＞50Nm.Preceding 10 hours wear extent 0.015mm, back 10 hours wear extent 0.012mm.Friction plate tensile strength 85-110MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (4)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 2.5% manganese, 3.5% bronze medal, 0.2% carbon, 0.6% nickel, 1.8% calcium sulfide, 2.2% silica, and all the other are formed for iron.Adopt embodiment's (1) powder metallurgical technique to make, test on screen display PV frictional testing machine, test conditions is identical with example (1), weares and teares continuously 20 hours; Test result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.115, braking torque＞50Nm.Preceding 10 hours wear extent 0.014mm, back 10 hours wear extent 0.011mm.Friction plate tensile strength 85-100MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (5)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 2.5% bronze medal, 0.3% carbon, 0.9% nickel, 1.8% molybdenum, 1.2% manganese, 2.2% lead, 3.5% calcium sulfide, and all the other are formed for iron.Adopt embodiment 1 powder metallurgical technique to make, test on screen display PV frictional testing machine, test conditions is identical with example (1), weares and teares continuously 20 hours; Experimental result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.123, braking torque＞50Nm, preceding 10 hours wear extent 0.014mm, back 10 hours wear extent 0.012mm.Friction plate tensile strength 80-105MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (6)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 1.6% nickel, 2.2% bronze medal, 0.5% carbon, 2.8% manganese, 2.8% lead, 0.5% molybdenum, and all the other are formed for iron.Adopt embodiment 1 powder metallurgical technique to make, test on screen display PV frictional testing machine, test conditions is identical with example (1), weares and teares continuously 20 hours; Experimental result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.099, braking torque＞50Nm, preceding 10 hours wear extent 0.016mm, back 10 hours wear extent 0.013mm.Friction plate tensile strength 85-100MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (7)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 1.7% nickel, 2.1% bronze medal, 0.6% carbon, 2.9% manganese, 2.6% lead, 0.5% tungsten, and all the other are formed for iron.Adopt embodiment 1 powder metallurgical technique to make, test on screen display PV frictional testing machine, test conditions is identical with example (1), weares and teares continuously 20 hours; Experimental result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.110, braking torque＞50Nm, preceding 10 hours wear extent 0.017mm, back 10 hours wear extent 0.014mm.Friction plate tensile strength 90-110MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (8)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 2.3% bronze medal, 0.7% carbon, 2.1% manganese, 2.5% lead, 0.5% chromium, and all the other are formed for iron.Adopt embodiment 1 powder metallurgical technique to make, test on screen display PV frictional testing machine, test conditions is identical with example (1), weares and teares continuously 20 hours; Experimental result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.113, braking torque＞50Nm, preceding 10 hours wear extent 0.018mm, back 10 hours wear extent 0.015mm.Friction plate tensile strength 85-105MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Embodiment (9)
The iron base friction plate sample is by 1.5% nickel, 2.1% bronze medal, 0.5% carbon, 3.2% manganese, 2.8% lead, 0.5% molybdenum, 2.1% asbestos, and all the other are that iron is formed.Adopt embodiment 1 powder metallurgical technique to make, test on screen display PV frictional testing machine, test conditions is identical with example (1), weares and teares continuously 20 hours; Experimental result is: the coefficient of kinetic friction 0.126, braking torque＞50Nm, preceding 10 hours wear extent 0.016mm, back 10 hours wear extent 0.013mm.Friction plate tensile strength 90-100MPa.
The antithesis sheet that is used with this friction plate sample adopts Q235 mild steel sample, and the surface is carried out the nitrocarburizing processing and made.
Friction plate proves that through motorcycle entrucking road examination 5000 hours performance is qualified.
Conclusion: the foregoing description shows, according to desired braking torque of different model clutch of motorcycle friction plate and intensity, the percentage composition of adjusting manganese, carbon, copper, silicon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, lead, iron sulfide, tungsten, silica, calcium sulfide, asbestos etc. in formula range can reach requirement, and the friction plate of producing all can satisfy the performance requirement of clutch of motorcycle wet friction sheet.
Claims (9)
1, motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet, friction plate adopt the iron-base powder metallurgy material sintering to form, and it is characterized in that: material prescription comprises by weight percentage: manganese 1.0-6.0%, carbon 0.2-1.5%, copper 1.0-5.5%, all the other are iron.
2, motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described prescription is comprised by weight percentage by following material prescription: manganese 1.5-3.5%, and carbon 0.35-1.2%, copper 1.5-3.5%, all the other are iron.
3, motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also select in the following material one or more to do helper component in the material prescription: silicon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, lead, iron sulfide, tungsten, silica, calcium sulfide, asbestos, the adding quantity of these several helper components is respectively greater than 0 and less than 10.0%, and total amount is no more than 15%.
4, motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also select in the following material one or more to do helper component in the material prescription: silicon, molybdenum, chromium, nickel, lead, iron sulfide, tungsten, silica, calcium sulfide, asbestos, the adding quantity of these several helper components is respectively greater than 0 and less than 5.0%, and total amount is no more than 10%.
5, motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the density of friction plate is 6.2-7.2g/cm
3
6, the preparation method of preparation claim 1 or 2 described motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheets is characterized in that preparing according to the following steps:
(1) batch mixing: earlier by formula rate with the raw material batch mixer of packing into, mix;
(2) die mould: with the raw material that the mixes mould of packing into, by press machine compression moulding;
(3) sintering: the product of compression moulding is sent into sintering furnace fire, then slow cooling;
(4) shaping: on the smoothing press, smooth with mould for the product that does not reach smooth requirement behind the sintering;
(5) finished product.
7, according to the described method of claim 6, it is characterized in that: compression moulding unit pressure 2-7t/cm
2
8, according to the described method of claim 6, it is characterized in that: firing temperature is 1100 ℃ to 1200 ℃.
9, the antithesis sheet of claim 1 or 2 described motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheets is characterized in that: described antithesis sheet adopts the mild steel sheet to make, and carries out nitrogenize or nitrocarburizing heat treatment, nitride layer thickness 〉=0.005mm, hardness 〉=350HV0.1 on the surface.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100699985A CN101328943A (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2008-07-18 | Motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet, preparation process and pairing sheet thereof |
| CN2009100024429A CN101469751B (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-01-16 | Motorcycle clutch iron based friction plate, preparation technique, pair plate of the friction plate and clutch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100699985A CN101328943A (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2008-07-18 | Motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet, preparation process and pairing sheet thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101328943A true CN101328943A (en) | 2008-12-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100699985A Pending CN101328943A (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2008-07-18 | Motorcycle clutch iron base friction sheet, preparation process and pairing sheet thereof |
| CN2009100024429A Expired - Fee Related CN101469751B (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-01-16 | Motorcycle clutch iron based friction plate, preparation technique, pair plate of the friction plate and clutch |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100024429A Expired - Fee Related CN101469751B (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2009-01-16 | Motorcycle clutch iron based friction plate, preparation technique, pair plate of the friction plate and clutch |
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| CN (2) | CN101328943A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102410327A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-11 | 璧山县三泰粉末冶金有限公司 | Iron-base friction plate and mating plate friction assembly for high-comfort wet-type clutch |
| CN102933338A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-02-13 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | Nitrided sintered steels |
| CN104550902A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-29 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Wet-type ferrum-based power metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107614159A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-01-19 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Ferrous based powder metallurgical mixed powder and its manufacture method and the sintered body using its making |
| CN107614158A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-01-19 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | The sintered body of its making of ferrous based powder metallurgical mixed powder and its manufacture method and use and the manufacture method of sintered body |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107858604B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-01-07 | 重庆译凌沛粉末冶金科技有限公司 | High-wear-resistance iron-based powder metallurgy internal spline, clutch outer cover and clutch |
| CN109108294A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-01 | 中铁隆昌铁路器材有限公司 | A kind of powder metallurgy brake pad processing technology and automatic production line |
-
2008
- 2008-07-18 CN CNA2008100699985A patent/CN101328943A/en active Pending
-
2009
- 2009-01-16 CN CN2009100024429A patent/CN101469751B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102933338A (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2013-02-13 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | Nitrided sintered steels |
| CN102933338B (en) * | 2010-06-04 | 2017-01-25 | 霍加纳斯股份有限公司 | Nitrided sintered steels |
| CN102410327A (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2012-04-11 | 璧山县三泰粉末冶金有限公司 | Iron-base friction plate and mating plate friction assembly for high-comfort wet-type clutch |
| CN104550902A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-04-29 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Wet-type ferrum-based power metallurgy friction material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107614159A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-01-19 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Ferrous based powder metallurgical mixed powder and its manufacture method and the sintered body using its making |
| CN107614158A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-01-19 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | The sintered body of its making of ferrous based powder metallurgical mixed powder and its manufacture method and use and the manufacture method of sintered body |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101469751A (en) | 2009-07-01 |
| CN101469751B (en) | 2011-02-09 |
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