JP5988092B2 - 可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法、並びに可視光応答性半導体光電極及び該電極を用いた水分解反応装置。 - Google Patents
可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法、並びに可視光応答性半導体光電極及び該電極を用いた水分解反応装置。 Download PDFInfo
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Description
しかし、光電極コストが2倍になる問題があるので、1枚で光吸収効率を向上させるのが望ましい。半導体膜を単純に厚くすると光吸収効率は向上するが、電子や正孔の拡散移動距離が大きくなり性能が低下する。電子や正孔の拡散移動距離を小さくするためには、多孔質性を保持することも重要である。半導体膜の高温調製では多孔性が小さくなり、低温調製では不純物相が生成したり結晶性が悪くなったりする問題もある。
しかし、水分解用の半導体膜厚の膜厚は1μm以下の場合が多く、同様の手法を使うことが難しい。水分解用の薄い半導体膜でも効率良く光吸収効率を向上させ、同時に光吸収効率以外の性能に関する要因を向上させる必要が有る。例えば電子移動効率を向上させたり、電荷拡散距離を短くしたり、電荷再結合を抑制したりする必要が有る。
[1]可視光応答性の半導体を調製するための金属イオンを含有した前駆体溶液に、分解温度100℃以上の高分子化合物及び酸化剤を添加し、該酸化剤の分解作用で前記高分子化合物がその分解温度よりも低温で分解しながら多孔質な半導体膜を調製することを特徴とする可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
[2]前記酸化剤が、硝酸アンモニウムであることを特徴とする[1]に記載の可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
[3]前記酸化剤の添加量が、モル比で、前記金属イオンの1.5〜20倍であることを特徴とする[1]又は[2]に記載の可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
[4]前記高分子化合物が、酸素原子を含む非イオン性界面活性剤であることを特徴とする[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
[5][1]〜[4]のいずれかに記載の製造方法で製造された可視光応答性半導体光電極であって、
前記多孔質な半導体膜が光散乱する膜であり、光照射面から観察した半導体の粒子径として180〜400nmの粒子を含むことを特徴とする可視光応答性半導体電極。
[6]前記半導体が、構成元素として少なくともBi、V及び酸素を含有してなる可視光応答性の半導体であることを特徴とする[5]に記載の多孔質の可視光応答性半導体電極。
[7]前記半導体が、BiVO4及びWO3を含むことを特徴とする[5]又は[6]に記載の可視光応答性半導体電極。
[8]半導体光電極として、[5]〜[7]のいずれかに記載の可視光応答性半導体電極を用いたことを特徴とする水分解反応装置。
[9]可視光応答性半導体電極の裏面に光反射板を配置したことを特徴とする[8]に記載の水分解反応装置。
硝酸アンモニウムは170℃程度で分解するが、特に、有機物が周りにあると爆発的に発熱分解するので低温での半導体の高結晶化が期待できる。
添加量としては、金属イオンの当モル量よりも多いことが好ましいが、多すぎると半導体膜が劣化するため、モル比で、金属イオンの50倍以下、より好ましくは、1.5〜20倍程度、さらに好ましくは、4〜10倍程度である。
添加量としては、多すぎるとカーボン等が残るため10v/v%以下が好ましく、0.1〜5v/v%がより好ましい。
BiVO4とWO3の積層した光電極は次の手順で作製した。導電性基板(F−SnO2膜:FTO)上にWO3膜(約200nm)を成膜し、その上にBiVO4膜(約80nm)を成膜した。WO3膜を入れることで光電流は向上することがわかっている。WO3膜はタングステン過酸化物水溶液(1.4mol/L)をスピンコートし、500度で空気焼成して作製した。
その後、BiVO4膜を、金属を含む前駆体水溶液をスピンコート・焼成して作製した。前駆体の水溶液は、2mol/Lの硝酸水溶液に硝酸ビスマス(Bi(NO3)3・5H2O:0.07mol/L)、酸化バナジウム(V2O5:0.07mol/L)、および硝酸アンモニウム(NH4NO3:0.55mol/L)を加えて溶解し、さらに高分子非イオン性界面活性剤であるトリトンX100(商品名)(ポリ(オキシエチレン)オクチルエーテル)(0.5v/v%)を混合した。硝酸アンモニウム添加量はBiやVイオンに対して約8倍モル量である。この前駆体水溶液を、WO3/FTO膜にスピンコートし、室温乾燥した。この過程で溶媒など低沸点化合物は蒸発する。その後550度で空気焼成して作製した。これを6回繰り返した。
比較例2としては、実施例1で硝酸アンモニウムのみを添加しない溶液を用いた。
トリトンX100は、通常250℃付近で加熱分解するが、硝酸アンモニウムが共存していると硝酸アンモニウムの分解温度近くの170℃程度で加熱分解することがTG−DTA分析で確認できた。
Claims (4)
- 可視光応答性の半導体を調製するための金属イオンを含有した前駆体溶液に、分解温度100℃以上の高分子化合物及び酸化剤を添加し、該酸化剤の分解作用で前記高分子化合物がその分解温度よりも低温で分解しながら多孔質な半導体膜を調製することを特徴とする可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
- 前記酸化剤が、硝酸アンモニウムであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
- 前記酸化剤の添加量が、モル比で、前記金属イオンの1.5〜20倍であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
- 前記高分子化合物が、酸素原子を含む非イオン性界面活性剤であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の可視光応答性半導体光電極の製造方法。
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