JP5981992B2 - 末梢作用オピオイド化合物 - Google Patents
末梢作用オピオイド化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5981992B2 JP5981992B2 JP2014519138A JP2014519138A JP5981992B2 JP 5981992 B2 JP5981992 B2 JP 5981992B2 JP 2014519138 A JP2014519138 A JP 2014519138A JP 2014519138 A JP2014519138 A JP 2014519138A JP 5981992 B2 JP5981992 B2 JP 5981992B2
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- substituted
- pain
- neuralgia
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- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003206 sterilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000021 stimulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004797 therapeutic response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001984 thiazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000886 tinnitus Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/513—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cytosine
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/08—Bridged systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D489/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula:
- C07D489/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula: with oxygen atoms attached in positions 3 and 6, e.g. morphine, morphinone
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Description
本出願は、2011年6月29日に出願された米国仮出願第61/502,721号の利益を主張する。上記出願の全教示は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
uは、0、1または2であり;
tは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、または7であり;
Xは、SまたはOであり;
Y−、薬学的に許容される対イオンであり;
R1は、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
各R2、R3、R4、R6、R8およびR11は、独立して、不在、水素、ハロゲン、−OR20、−SR20、−NR20R21、−C(O)R20、−C(O)OR20、−C(O)NR20R21、−N(R20)C(O)R21、−CF3、−CN、−NO2、−N3、アシル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、置換アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、置換ジアルキルアミノ、アルキルチオ、置換アルキルチオ、アルキルスルホニル、置換アルキルスルホニル、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルもしくは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択されるか、または、R2、R3、R4、R8およびR11のうちの2つは、それらが結合している原子と共に1つもしくは2つの任意に置換された環を形成するか、あるいは、R2およびR3は、それらが結合している炭素と共にC=X基またはビニル基を形成するか、あるいは、2つのR11基は、それらが結合している炭素原子と共にC=X基またはビニル基を形成し;
ここで、各R20およびR21は、独立して、不在、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールから選択され;
R5は、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールであり;
R7は、水素、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールであり;
R9は、水素、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R10は、−[C(R23)(R24)]m−R25から選択され;
ここで、mは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、または8であり;
各R23およびR24は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−OR20、−SR20、−NR20R21、−C(O)R20、−C(O)OR20、−C(O)NR20R21、−N(R20)C(O)R21、−CF3、−CN、−NO2、−N3、アシル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、置換アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、置換ジアルキルアミノ、アルキルチオ、置換アルキルチオ、アルキルスルホニル、置換アルキルスルホニル、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルもしくは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R25は、ヘテロシクリル、置換ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロアリールで置換されたアリールまたはヘテロシクリルで置換されたアリールである)。
uは、0、1または2であり;
tは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、または7であり;
Xは、SまたはOであり;
Y−、薬学的に許容される対イオンであり;
R1は、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
各R2、R3、R4、R6、R8およびR11は、独立して、不在、水素、ハロゲン、−OR20、−SR20、−NR20R21、−C(O)R20、−C(O)OR20、−C(O)NR20R21、−N(R20)C(O)R21、−CF3、−CN、−NO2、−N3、アシル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、置換アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、置換ジアルキルアミノ、アルキルチオ、置換アルキルチオ、アルキルスルホニル、置換アルキルスルホニル、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルもしくは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択されるか、または、R2、R3、R4、R8およびR11のうちの2つは、それらが結合している原子と共に1つもしくは2つの任意に置換された環を形成するか、あるいは、R2およびR3は、それらが結合している炭素と共にC=X基またはビニル基を形成するか、あるいは、2つのR11基は、それらが結合している炭素原子と共にC=X基またはビニル基を形成し;
ここで、各R20およびR21は、独立して、不在、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールから選択され;
R5は、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールであり;
R7は、水素、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールであり;
R9は、水素、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R10は、−[C(R23)(R24)]m−R25から選択され;
ここで、mは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、または8であり;
各R23およびR24は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−OR20、−SR20、−NR20R21、−C(O)R20、−C(O)OR20、−C(O)NR20R21、−N(R20)C(O)R21、−CF3、−CN、−NO2、−N3、アシル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、置換アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、置換ジアルキルアミノ、アルキルチオ、置換アルキルチオ、アルキルスルホニル、置換アルキルスルホニル、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルもしくは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R25は、ヘテロシクリル、置換ヘテロシクリル、ヘテロアリールで置換されたアリールまたはヘテロシクリルで置換されたアリールである)。
sは、0、1、2、または3であり;
pは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、または7であり;
qは、0、1、2、3、4、または5であり;
各R100、R101、R102、R103、R104、およびR105は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−OR20、−SR20、−NR20R21、−C(O)R20、−C(O)OR20、−C(O)NR20R21、−N(R20)C(O)R21、−CF3、−CN、−NO2、−N3、アシル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、置換アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、置換ジアルキルアミノ、置換アルキルチオ、非置換アルキルチオ、置換アルキルスルホニル、非置換アルキルスルホニル、任意に置換された脂肪族、任意に置換されたアリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択される)。
本発明を説明するために使用される種々の用語の定義を以下に列挙する。特に特定の場合に限定されない限り、個別にまたはより大きなグループの一部として、これらの定義は、それらが本明細書および特許請求の範囲の中で使用される用語に適用される。
本発明の医薬組成物は、1種類または複数の種類の薬学的に許容される担体と共に製剤化される治療有効量の本発明の化合物を含む。本明細書で使用する「薬学的に許容される担体」という用語は、非毒性の不活性固体、半固体または液体の充填剤、全ての種類の補助的な材料または製剤をカプセル化する希釈剤を意味する。薬学的に許容される担体として役立ち得る材料のいくつかの例としては、ラクトース、グルコースおよびスクロースなどの糖類;トウモロコシデンプンおよびジャガイモデンプンなどのデンプン類;カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、エチルセルロースおよび酢酸セルロースなどのセルロースおよびその誘導体;粉末トラガカント;麦芽;ゼラチン;タルク;カカオバターおよび坐剤ワックスなどの賦形剤;ピーナッツ油、綿実油、ベニバナ油、ゴマ油、オリーブ油、トウモロコシ油およびダイズ油などの油類;プロピレングリコールなどのグリコール類;オレイン酸エチルおよびラウリン酸エチルなどのエステル類;寒天;水酸化マグネシウムおよび水酸化アルミニウムなどの緩衝剤;アルギン酸;発熱物質を含まない水;等張食塩水、リンゲル液、エチルアルコール、およびリン酸緩衝溶液、ならびにラウリル硫酸ナトリウムおよびステアリン酸マグネシウムなどの他の非毒性適合性滑剤が挙げられ、着色剤、放出剤、コーティング剤、甘味料、香味剤および芳香剤、防腐剤ならびに酸化防止剤も、処方者の判断に従って、組成物中に存在することができる。本発明の医薬組成物は、ヒトおよび他の動物に経口投与、直腸投与、非経口、大槽内投与、膣内投与、腹腔内投与、(散剤、軟膏、またはドロップによる)局所投与、頬側投与、または経口スプレーもしくは経鼻スプレーとして投与することができる。
本発明の化合物および方法は、例示としてのみ意図され、本発明の範囲を限定しない以下の実施例と関連させるとよりよく理解される。開示される実施形態への様々な変更および修正は、当業者には明らかであり、本発明の化学構造、置換基、誘導体、製剤および/または方法に関連するものを含むがこれらに限定されないこのような変更および修正は、本発明の趣旨および添付の特許請求の範囲から逸脱することなくなされ得る。
実施例1:tert−ブチル−4−ブロモフェネチルカルバメートの合成
工業用変性アルコール(IMS;15mL)および水(5mL)を完全に脱気した。tert−ブチル−4−ブロモフェネチルカルバメート(1.08g、3.63ミリモル)、炭酸ナトリウム(1.54g、14.52ミリモル)、パラジウムテトラキス(0.42g、0.36ミリモル)および2,4−ジメトキシ−5−ピリミジニルボロン酸(1.00g、5.44ミリモル)を添加し、反応混合物を18時間、90℃まで加熱した。出発物質は、LCMSにより観察されなかった。水(100ml)および酢酸エチル(300ml)を加え、有機層を分離した。有機層を水(100ml)で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、濃縮して黄色油を得た。粗残留物をカラムクロマトグラフィー(20〜60%酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)に供し、黄色油のtert−ブチル4−(2,4−ジメトキシピリミジン−5−イル)フェネチルカルバメートを得、これを放置して結晶化した(1.18g、3.28ミリモル、91%)。
tert−ブチル−4−(2,4−ジメトキシピリミジン−5−イル)フェネチルカルバメ−ト(0.5g、1.39ミリモル)に水性塩酸(6M、15mL)を加え、反応混合物を還流下で4時間攪拌した。出発物質は、LCMSにより観察されなかった。沈殿物を濾過し、水(5mL)で洗浄し、減圧下(50℃)で乾燥させ、淡黄色固体の5−(4−(2−アミノエチル)フェニル)ピリミジン−2,4(1H,3H)−ジオン塩酸塩(0.32g、1.35ミリモル、86%)を得た。
IMS(50mL)および水(16mL)を完全に脱気した。tert−ブチル−4−ブロモフェネチルカルバメート(3.52g、11.7ミリモル)、炭酸ナトリウム(5.0g、46.9ミリモル)、パラジウムテトラキス(1.35g、1.2ミリモル)および1−ベンジル−1H−ピラゾール−4−ボロン酸ピナコールエステル(5.0g、17.6ミリモル)を添加し、反応混合物を一晩90℃まで加熱した。反応物を酢酸エチル(500mL)および水(250mL)ならびにブライン(250mL)に分離し、次いで、乾燥させた(MgSO4)。濾過および溶媒の除去を行い、粗残留物を得て、これをカラムクロマトグラフィー(50%酢酸エチル/ヘプタン)に供し、tert−ブチル−4−(6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロピリジン−3−イル)フェネチルカルバメ−ト(4.2g、11.1ミリモル、収率95%)を得た。
tert−ブチル−4−(6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロピリジン−3−イル)フェネチルカルバメ−ト(4.2g、11.1ミリモル)にHCl/ジオキサン(約4M、100mL)を加えた。5分後、反応混合物の撹拌を停止し、さらに50mLのHCl/ジオキサンを加えた。反応物を室温で6時間撹拌した。溶媒を減圧除去し、黄色固体として2−(4−(1−ベンジル−1H−ピラゾール−4−イル)フェニル)エタンアミン塩酸塩(4.0g、11.1ミリモル、収率100%)を得た。
IMS(600mL)および水(250mL)を完全に脱気した。tert−ブチル−4−ブロモフェネチルカルバメート(32.7g、109ミリモル)、炭酸ナトリウム(46.2g、436ミリモル)、パラジウムテトラキス(12.6g、11.0ミリモル)および2−メトキシピリジンボロン酸(25.0g、163ミリモル)を添加し、反応混合物を18時間90℃まで加熱した。この反応を室温まで冷却し、濾過し、残留物をIMS(100mL)および酢酸エチル(1L)で洗浄した。濾液を水(500mL)で洗浄し、乾燥させ(MgSO4)、濃縮して褐色個体を得た。粗残留物をカラムクロマトグラフィー(DCM中0〜1.5%MeOH)に供し、白色個体のtert−ブチル−4−(6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロピリジン−3−イル)フェネチルカルバメート(20.95g、63.8ミリモル、収率58%)を得た。
tert−ブチル−4−(6−オキソ−1,6−ジヒドロピリジン−3−イル)フェネチルカルバメート(10.25g、31.0ミリモル)に水性塩酸(6M、220mL)を添加し、反応混合物を一晩還流下で撹拌した。反応を室温まで冷却し、沈殿物を濾過し、水(5mL)で洗浄し、減圧下で乾燥させた(50℃)。酸性溶液を減圧濃縮し、得られた個体を濾過した個体と合わせ、5−(4−(2−アミノエチル)フェニル)ピリジン−2(1H)−オン塩酸塩(7.80g、31.0ミリモル、収率100%)を得た。
90℃で、酢酸(1L)中の粗化合物12(52g)の溶液に濃HCl(35mL)を添加した。次いで、これに35分かけて亜鉛粉末(64g、0.98モル)を加え、添加完了後に、さらなる濃HCl(40mL)を5分かけて添加した。次に、この反応混合物に、1時間かけて第2の部分の亜鉛粉末(64g、0.98モル)を添加した。30分後、第3の部分の亜鉛粉末(32g、0.49モル)を添加し、反応をさらに1時間加熱した。反応物を約60℃まで冷却し、濾過し、亜鉛残留物を温酢酸で洗浄した。濾液を減圧濃縮し、残留物を濃アンモニア(1L)および2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン(1L)および水(0.5L)で希釈した。混合物を10分間撹拌し、液体を褐色のガムから静かに移した。このガムを水で洗浄し、全ての液体を合わせた。有機相を分離し、MgSO4で乾燥させ、褐色のゴムと合わせて、減圧濃縮した。得られた残留物をジクロロメタン/メタノール(8:2)に溶解し、シリカのショートプラグ上でカラムクロマトグラフィーを行い、ジクロロメタン/メタノール(8:2)、次いでジクロロメタン/メタノール/トリエチルアミン(16:3:1)で溶出した。生成物を含む画分を蒸発させ、再びカラムクロマトグラフィーを行い、ジクロロメタン/メタノール(9:1)、次いで、ジクロロメタン(16% NH3/メタノール)(9:1)で溶出した。次いで、これから得られた生成物をさらに分取HPLCにより精製し、化合物4を得た;LC/MS 545(M+H)+;NMR(DMSO−D6):1.30−2.10(6H,m),2.12−3.05(11H,m),3.10−3.60(2H,m),4.04(1H,bs),4.58(1H,s),6.42(1H,bs),7.19(2H,d),7.40−7.60(5H,m),10.45(3H,bs)。
受容体結合(インビトロアッセイ)
μ、δおよびκ受容体に対するKi(結合親和性)を、競合置換アッセイ(Neumeyer、2003)を使用して前述の方法で測定した。クローニングしたヒトオピオイド受容体の一種を安定に発現するCHO(チャイニーズハムスター卵巣)細胞からの膜タンパク質を、50mMのTris−HCl、pH7.5の最終容量1mL中の0.25nMの[3H]DAMGO、0.2nMの[3H]ナルトリンドールまたは1nMの[3H]U69,593の存在下で、25℃で12種類の異なる濃度の化合物とインキュベートした。[3H]DAMGOおよび[3H]U69,593については、60分のインキュベーション時間を用いた。[3H]ナルトリンドールと受容体との結合が遅いため、この放射性リガンドとは3時間のインキュベーションを用いた。[3H]ナルトリンドールとインキュベートした試料は、10mMのMgCl2および0.5mMのフェニルメチルスルホニルフルオリドも含んでいた。非特異的結合を、10μΜのナロキソンを含めることによって測定した。ブランデル48ウェルセルハーベスターを用いて、シュライヒャー&シュエル(Schleicher&Schuell)の32番のガラス繊維フィルターに試料を通過させて結合を止めた。その後、これらのフィルターを、3mLの冷たい50mMのTris−HCl、pH7.5を用いて3回洗浄し、2mLのEcoscint Aシンチレーション流体中でカウントした。[3H]ナルトリンドールと[3H]U69,593の結合については、これらのフィルターを、使用前に少なくとも60分間、0.1%ポリエチレンイミン中に浸漬した。IC50値は、対数プロビット分析に対する最小二乗適合により計算した。非標識化合物のKi値は、以下の方程式から計算した:
Ki=(IC50)/1+s
式中、S=(放射性リガンドの濃度)/(放射性リガンドのKd)(Cheng and Prusoff,1973)。
[35S]GTPγSアッセイは、安定にトランスフェクトされた細胞を用いた研究において、アゴニスト結合後のG−タンパク質活性化のレベルを定量することにより、化合物の機能的特性を測定し、化合物の効力の尺度であると考えられる。クローニングしたヒトμオピオイド受容体を安定に発現するCHO(チャイニーズハムスター卵巣)細胞からの膜を実験に使用した。0.5mLの最終体積で、12種類の異なる濃度の各試験化合物を、ヒトμオピオイド受容体を安定に発現するCHO細胞膜7.5μgとインキュベートした。アッセイ緩衝液は、50mMのTris−HCl、pH7.4、3mMのMgCl2、0.2mMのEGTA、3μMのGDP、および100mMのNaClからなっていた。[35S]GTPγSの最終濃度は、0.080nMであった。非特異的結合は、10μMのGTPγSを含めることにより測定した。結合を、膜の添加によって開始した。30℃で60分のインキュベーション後、シュライヒャー&シュエルの32番のガラス繊維フィルターに試料を通過させた。これらのフィルターを、冷たい50mMのTris−HCl、pH7.5で3回洗浄し、2mLのEcoscintシンチレーション流体中でカウントした。データは、平均EmaxおよびEC50値±標準誤差である。Emax値の計算については、基本となる[35S]GTPγS結合を0%に設定し、100%の[35S]GTPγSの結合レベルを、DAMGOで達成した最大結合に設定した。表Dの化合物は、[35S]GTPγS結合EC50値が1.3nMと300nMの間であり、Emax値が70%と140%の間であることを示す。
マウスのグループ(1グループあたりn=5;>60日、20〜25gの重量)に、最初の観測期間30分前にビヒクル(0.9%の滅菌生理食塩水)または試験化合物(10mg/kgの遊離塩基、SC)を投与した。挙尾の発生、立毛、自発運動の亢進、自発運動の抑制、ケージの旋回、鎮静剤の使用、呼吸異常、利尿、発作活動および死亡の発生を、投与後0.5、1、2、4、6、24時間の時点で記録した。
動物に、実験開始前の2日間、体重負荷試験装置に慣れさせた。0日目に、ラットを未処置の後足のベースライン体重負荷を測定するために体重負荷装置で試験した。ベースライン試験後、動物に、完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA)を足底内注射した。ロッキングハブおよび25G針を有する注射器を用いて、軽いイソフルラン麻酔下で、左後ろの足底内投与により、ラットに100%のCFA(1.0mg/ml)100μLを注射した。右後ろの反対側の足には処置しなかった。
化合物4の皮下(SC)投与の潜在的な抗侵害受容特性を、抗侵害受容のラットホットプレート試験において10、30、および100mg/kgの用量で評価した。7.5mg/kgでのSC投与の時に、(参照化合物として使用される)モルヒネが最大(60秒)の抗侵害受容作用をもたらした(本明細書および前の組織内の実験で示される)。
絶食していない雄のHarlanラットを、(該当する場合に)試験室および試験の日の時間、ならびに試験日のバランスをとるために、無作為化ブロック研究設計に従って処置グループに割り当てた。各ラットにビヒクルまたは試験化合物のいずれかを皮下投与し、次いで、それらの割り当てられた試験室に入れ、チャンバーの囲いドアを開けたまま、25〜30分間馴化させた。この期間の間にはデータを収集しなかった。順化期間後、チャンバー1から各ラットをそれぞれ取り出し、右後足の足底面に5%ホルマリンを皮下投与した(ホルマリンは、37%のストック溶液から作製し、生理食塩水で5%まで希釈した)。
モルヒネの腹腔内投与は、ED50が0.25mg/kgであるマウスにおける1%酢酸の腹腔内投与により誘発されるライジングを用量依存的に阻止する。マウスの1%酢酸誘発性ライジングアッセイにおける化合物4の腹腔内投与の鎮痛効果の用量反応を測定した。
・背柱の知覚できる凹曲度(骨盤の傾きと呼ばれる)−側面から見て凹形状を作る尾脊椎(caudal spine)領域の背側の動き;左右いずれかの腰の動き;またはその両方
・より深刻な凹面脊柱湾曲は垂直のライジングと考えられた。
・地面まで下がろうと努力をした腹部。
・後方に伸びるか、伸ばした後ろ足、身体、またはその両方。
・土台から上方にはじかれる尾(通常は骨盤の傾きとは別に生じない)
・一連の複数のライジングが発生した場合、再びライジングを行う前にマウスが「正常」の姿勢に戻った時、個々のライジングの終わりを決定した。「正常の」姿勢は、上記に列挙したものと反対の動き(例えば、脊柱の凹形状の湾曲、伸ばされない足、下げられない腹部、まっすぐな位置または弛緩位における尾など)として定義される。
Claims (21)
- 式Iの化合物、またはその薬学的に許容される塩、共結晶、溶媒和物、水和物、もしくは多形体:
uは、0、1または2であり;
tは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、または7であり;
Xは、SまたはOであり;
R1は、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
各R2、R3、R4、R6、R8、およびR11は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−OR20、−SR20、−NR20R21、−C(O)R20、−C(O)OR20、−C(O)NR20R21、−N(R20)C(O)R21、−CF3、−CN、−NO2、−N3、アシル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、置換アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、置換ジアルキルアミノ、アルキルチオ、置換アルキルチオ、アルキルスルホニル、置換アルキルスルホニル、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルもしくは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択されるか、あるいは、R2およびR3は、それらが結合している炭素と共にC=X基を形成するか、あるいは、2つのR11基は、それらが結合している炭素原子と共にC=X基またはC=CH 2 基を形成し;
ここで、各R20およびR21は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールから選択され;
R7は、水素、アルキル、置換アルキル、アリールまたは置換アリールであり;
R9は、水素、脂肪族、置換脂肪族、アリール、置換アリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択され;
R10は、表A
ここで、
sは、0、1、2、または3であり;
pは、0、1、2、3、4、5、6、または7であり;
qは、0、1、2、3、4、または5であり;
各R 100 、R 101 、R 102 、R 103 、R 104 、およびR 105 は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−OR 20 、−SR 20 、−NR 20 R 21 、−C(O)R 20 、−C(O)OR 20 、−C(O)NR 20 R 21 、−N(R 20 )C(O)R 21 、−CF 3 、−CN、−NO 2 、−N 3 、アシル、アルコキシ、置換アルコキシ、アルキルアミノ、置換アルキルアミノ、ジアルキルアミノ、置換ジアルキルアミノ、置換アルキルチオまたは非置換アルキルチオ、置換アルキルスルホニルまたは非置換アルキルスルホニル、任意に置換された脂肪族、任意に置換されたアリール、ヘテロシクリルまたは置換ヘテロシクリルから選択される)。 - R 9 が水素である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- R 1 が、−(CH 2 ) a −c−C 3 H 5 、−(CH 2 ) a −c−C 4 H 7 、−(CH 2 ) a −c−C 5 H 9 、−(CH 2 ) a −CH=CH 2 、−CH 3 、−CH 2 −CH 2 −フェニルまたは−(CH 2 ) a −CH=C(CH 3 ) 2 から選択され、aは、独立して、0、1、2または3である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- R 7 が水素である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- uが1である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- Xが酸素である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- R 4 が水素またはヒドロキシである、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の化合物を含む、オピオイド受容体(複数可)の活性を調節することによって疾患または障害を治療する方法において使用するための医薬組成物であって、
前記方法は、それを必要としている被験体に前記組成物を投与するステップを含む、
医薬組成物。 - 前記疾患または障害が疼痛である、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疼痛が、炎症性疼痛、中枢を介する疼痛、末梢を介する疼痛、内臓痛、器質性疼痛、癌性疼痛、軟組織損傷関連疼痛、進行性疾患に関連する疼痛、神経障害性疼痛および急性損傷に起因する急性疼痛、外傷に起因する急性疼痛、手術に起因する急性疼痛、頭痛に起因する慢性疼痛、神経学的症状に起因する慢性疼痛、脳卒中後の症状に起因する慢性疼痛および片頭痛に起因する慢性疼痛から選択される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疼痛が、変形性関節症、関節リウマチ、線維筋痛症、片頭痛、頭痛、歯痛、火傷、日焼け、ヘビ咬傷、クモ咬傷、虫刺され、神経因性膀胱、良性前立腺肥大、間質性膀胱炎、鼻炎、接触性皮膚炎/過敏症、痒み、湿疹、咽頭炎、粘膜炎、腸炎、蜂巣炎、灼熱痛、坐骨神経炎、顎関節神経痛、末梢神経炎、多発性神経炎、断端痛、幻肢痛、術後イレウス、胆嚢炎、乳房切除後の疼痛症候群、口腔神経障害性疼痛、シャルコー痛、反射性交感神経性ジストロフィー、ギラン・バレー症候群、知覚異常性大腿神経痛、口腔灼熱症候群、ヘルペス後神経痛、三叉神経痛、群発性頭痛、片頭痛、末梢神経障害、両側性末梢神経障害、糖尿病性神経障害、視神経炎、発熱後の神経炎、遊走性神経炎、分節性神経炎、ゴンボー神経炎(Gombault's neuritis)、ニューロン炎、頸腕神経痛、頭蓋神経痛、膝神経痛、舌咽神経痛、片頭痛神経痛、特発性神経痛、肋間神経痛、乳房神経痛、モートン神経痛、鼻毛様体神経痛、後頭神経痛、紅痛症、スルーダー神経痛、翼口蓋(sphenopalatine)神経痛、眼窩上神経痛、ビディアン神経痛、炎症性腸疾患、過敏性腸症候群、洞頭痛、緊張性頭痛、分娩、出産、生理痛、および癌と関連する、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疼痛が関節炎と関連する、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記関節炎が、関節リウマチ、リウマチ様脊椎炎、変形性関節症、痛風性関節炎、若年性関節炎、肩関節周囲炎から選択される、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患または障害が、薬物依存症、アヘン依存症、アルコール依存症、ニコチン依存症、コカイン依存症、術後イレウス、掻痒症、下痢、過敏性腸症候群、胃腸障害、肥満、呼吸抑制、痙攣、咳、痛覚過敏から選択される、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患または障害が胃腸障害またはイレウスである、請求項12に記載の医薬組成物。
- オピオイドと関連する副作用を治療または防止する方法において使用するための医薬組成物であって、
前記方法は、前記組成物を、それを必要とする患者に投与するステップを含み、
前記組成物は、有効量の請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の化合物を含む、
医薬組成物。 - 前記副作用が、便秘、オピオイド誘発性大腸機能障害、吐気、嘔吐、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の医薬組成物。
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