JP5959046B2 - アニオン伝導電解質膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
アニオン伝導電解質膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5959046B2 JP5959046B2 JP2012049960A JP2012049960A JP5959046B2 JP 5959046 B2 JP5959046 B2 JP 5959046B2 JP 2012049960 A JP2012049960 A JP 2012049960A JP 2012049960 A JP2012049960 A JP 2012049960A JP 5959046 B2 JP5959046 B2 JP 5959046B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte membrane
- polymer
- anion
- conducting electrolyte
- anion conducting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- -1 halogen anion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroprop-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 IWTYTFSSTWXZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-non-5-ene Chemical compound C1CCN=C2CCCN21 SGUVLZREKBPKCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C=NC2=C1 FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethylguanidine Chemical compound CN=C(N(C)C)N(C)C ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POPHMOPNVVKGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene Chemical compound C1CCC2CCCCC2=C1 POPHMOPNVVKGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002521 alkyl halide group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 6
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F KHXKESCWFMPTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OEBXWWBYZJNKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydropyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1CCN=C2N(C)CCCN21 OEBXWWBYZJNKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002538 alkyl iodide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GWTYBAOENKSFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethane Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F GWTYBAOENKSFAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGPPATCNSOSOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluorobuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C(F)F LGPPATCNSOSOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexadiene Natural products CC=CCC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCUFYMLVDZPLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-[(2-ethenylphenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C KJCUFYMLVDZPLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPKAHJYPAALBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-[1-(2-ethenylphenyl)ethyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C=C)C=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C=C FAPKAHJYPAALBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGYAVZGBAJFMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylhex-2-ene Chemical compound CCCC(C)=C(C)C RGYAVZGBAJFMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPWHFPWZAPOYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCN GPWHFPWZAPOYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001780 ECTFE Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylacetamide Chemical compound CNC(C)=O OHLUUHNLEMFGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000475 acetylene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005998 bromoethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005997 bromomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002603 chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])Cl 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012078 proton-conducting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- AGRBXKCSGCUXST-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7-amino-3,4-dihydro-1h-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(N)C=C2CN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCC2=C1 AGRBXKCSGCUXST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC=C)C(C(=O)OCC=C)=C1 GRPURDFRFHUDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1086—After-treatment of the membrane other than by polymerisation
- H01M8/1088—Chemical modification, e.g. sulfonation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
高分子基材を主鎖部、ビニルモノマーとのグラフト重合した部分をグラフト鎖部とすると、主鎖部に対するグラフト鎖部の重量比は、次式のグラフト率(Xdg[重量%])として表される。
高分子電解質膜のイオン交換容量(Ion Exchange Capacity, IEC)は次式で表される。
高分子電解質膜の4級化率は次式で表される。
室温下、水中で保存のCl型またはOH型の高分子電解質膜を取り出し、表面の水を軽くふき取った後、重量を測定する(W5(g))。この膜を40℃にて16時間、真空乾燥後、重量測定することで高分子電解質膜の乾燥重量W4(g)を求め、W5、W4から次式により含水率を算出する。
交流法による測定:白金電極からなる膜抵抗測定セルとヒュ−レットパッカード製のLCRメータ、E−4925Aを使用した。室温で水中で飽和膨潤状態にある高分子電解質膜を取り出し、白金電極間にはさみ、60℃の脱イオン水に浸漬2分後のインピーダンスによる膜抵抗(Rm)を測定した。高分子電解質膜の電気伝導度を次式を用いて算出した。
膜厚50μmのETFE膜(旭硝子社製)を、アルゴン雰囲気下、室温において、50kGyのγ線を照射した後、60℃において、クロロメチルスチレン(CMS)/キシレン溶液中(クロロメチルスチレン:キシレン=1:1)に、2時間浸漬させ、幹となるエチレン・4フッ化エチレン共重合体にクロロメチルスチレンをグラフト重合した(グラフト率70%)。
γ線の照射量を50kGy、CMS:キシレン=1:1溶液に浸漬する時間を4時間として、グラフト率を80%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、4級化の反応収率99%で所定のアニオン伝導電解質膜を得た。
γ線の照射量を30kGy、CMS:キシレン=1:1溶液に浸漬する時間を1時間として、グラフト率を50%に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして4級化の反応収率103%で所定のアニオン伝導電解質膜を得た。
実施例1で用いたアミン溶液を1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]ノナ−5−エン(下記式I)のアセトン溶液(5モル%)に変更し、50℃の恒温槽中で16時間反応させた以外は、実施例1と同様にして4級化の反応収率94%で所定のアニオン伝導電解質膜を得た。
実施例1で用いたアミン溶液を1−メチルベンズイミダゾール(下記式I)のエタノール溶液(10モル%)に変更し、60℃の恒温槽中で42時間反応させた以外は、実施例1と同様にして4級化の反応収率87%で所定のアニオン伝導電解質膜を得た。
実施例1で用いたアミン溶液を2−t−ブチル−1,1,3,3−ペンタメチルグアニジン(下記式I)のアセトン溶液(10モル%)に変更し、50℃の恒温槽中で40時間反応させた以外は、実施例1と同様にして4級化の反応収率50%で所定のアニオン伝導電解質膜を得た。
実施例1で用いたアミン溶液を30%トリメチルアミン(下記式I)水溶液に変更し、室温で20時間反応させた以外は、実施例1と同様にして4級化の反応収率100%程度で所定のアニオン伝導電解質膜を得た。
実施例1で用いたアミン溶液を3,3−ジメチルブチルアミン(下記式I)のエタノール溶液(10モル%)に変更し、室温で20時間反応させた以外は、実施例1と同様にして4級化の反応収率93%で所定のアニオン伝導電解質膜を得た。
本発明において夫々作成したアニオン伝導電解質膜について、Cl型およびOH型の導電率と含水率を測定し、OH型についてはIECを算出した。結果を表‐1に示した。
アニオン伝導電解質膜においては、その耐久性を見積もる際に、耐熱性の評価が重要な指標となる。本発明で作製したアニオン伝導電解質膜のCl型およびOH型の熱重量分析結果を図4に示す。図から、Cl型では実施例1および4いずれにおいても比較例1よりも第一の熱分解温度が上昇しており、熱分解開始温度以降の重量減少も低く抑えられている。この傾向はOH型においてより顕著に表れ、実施例1〜3のイミダゾール化合物や、実施例4の有機強塩基では、比較例1のアルキルアミンに比べて著しく耐熱性が向上することがわかる。
Claims (6)
- フッ素系高分子、オレフィン系高分子又は芳香族系高分子からなる高分子基材と、ハロゲン化アルキル基を含むビニルモノマーを放射線グラフト重合して導入されたグラフト鎖と有機強塩基との反応で得られる4級塩と、を含むことを特徴とするアニオン伝導電解質膜。
- 前記ハロゲン化アルキル基を含むビニルモノマーが、クロロメチルスチレンであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のアニオン伝導電解質膜。
- 前記有機強塩基が、2−t−ブチル−1,1,3,3−ペンタメチルグアニジン、1,1,2,3,3−ペンタメチルグアニジン、7−メチル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]ノナ−5−エン、1−メチルベンズイミダゾール、1−メチルイミダゾールから選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1又は2に記載のアニオン伝導電解質膜。
- フッ素系高分子、オレフィン系高分子又は芳香族系高分子からなる高分子基材に、ハロゲン化アルキル基を含むビニルモノマーを放射線グラフト重合する工程と、放射線グラフト重合により導入された当該高分子基材上のグラフト鎖の少なくとも一部を、有機強塩基で4級化する工程と、前記4級化されたグラフト鎖のハロゲンアニオンを水酸化物イオンで置換する工程とから成るアニオン伝導電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記ハロゲン化アルキル基を含むビニルモノマーがクロロメチルスチレンであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のアニオン伝導電解質膜の製造方法。
- 前記有機強塩基が、2−t−ブチル−1,1,3,3−ペンタメチルグアニジン、1,1,2,3,3−ペンタメチルグアニジン、7−メチル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、1,5−ジアザビシクロ[4.3.0]ノナ−5−エン、1−メチルベンズイミダゾール、1−メチルイミダゾールから選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載のアニオン伝導電解質膜の製造方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012049960A JP5959046B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 | 2012-03-07 | アニオン伝導電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
US13/785,919 US9379402B2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-03-05 | Anion conducting electrolyte membrane and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012049960A JP5959046B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 | 2012-03-07 | アニオン伝導電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2013186989A JP2013186989A (ja) | 2013-09-19 |
JP5959046B2 true JP5959046B2 (ja) | 2016-08-02 |
Family
ID=49380410
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012049960A Active JP5959046B2 (ja) | 2012-03-07 | 2012-03-07 | アニオン伝導電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9379402B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5959046B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016007815A1 (de) * | 2016-06-22 | 2017-12-28 | Universität Stuttgart | Vernetzte hochstabile Anionenaustauscherblendmembranen mit Polyethylenglycolen als hydrophiler Membranphase |
CN106832368B (zh) * | 2017-02-23 | 2020-08-14 | 大连理工大学 | 一种高碱稳苯并咪唑型碱性阴离子交换膜及其制备方法 |
JP7043703B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-17 | 2022-03-30 | 国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構 | バイポーラ膜及びその製造方法、電気透析装置並びに燃料電池 |
CN111244512B (zh) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-06-15 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 超薄交联复合增强型聚合物阴离子交换膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN112079736A (zh) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-15 | 上海漫关越水处理有限公司 | 能完全阻断甲醇渗透的燃料电池阴离子膜的季铵盐化合物 |
CN114377565A (zh) * | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-22 | 恩特格里斯公司 | 用于从胺中去除金属物种的膜 |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5648400A (en) * | 1992-08-04 | 1997-07-15 | Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst. | Process for producing polymeric electrolyte complex and ion-exchange resin |
JPH11135137A (ja) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-05-21 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型メタノール燃料電池 |
EP0913422A2 (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 1999-05-06 | Pall Corporation | Ion exchange membrane |
JP2000331693A (ja) * | 1999-05-19 | 2000-11-30 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池 |
US20020127474A1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2002-09-12 | E.C.R.-Electro-Chemical Research Ltd. | Proton-selective conducting membranes |
JP4749604B2 (ja) | 2001-06-12 | 2011-08-17 | 株式会社トクヤマ | ガス拡散電極用イオン伝導性付与剤 |
EP1612809B1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2015-08-19 | Piotrek Co., Ltd. | Composite polymer electrolyte composition |
JP2009087687A (ja) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Sanyo Chem Ind Ltd | ガス電極 |
JP2009203455A (ja) | 2007-12-13 | 2009-09-10 | Tokuyama Corp | 陰イオン交換膜およびその用途 |
JP2009256654A (ja) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-11-05 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子電解質組成物 |
JP4606487B2 (ja) | 2008-10-06 | 2011-01-05 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用陰イオン交換膜の製造方法 |
JP5581011B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-10 | 2014-08-27 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 重合可能なイオン性液体およびそれを用いた重合体 |
JP5475520B2 (ja) | 2010-03-26 | 2014-04-16 | Agcエンジニアリング株式会社 | 陰イオン交換膜の製造方法 |
JP5386450B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-01-15 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 電解質 |
JP5779016B2 (ja) * | 2010-07-30 | 2015-09-16 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 電解質、並びに、燃料電池、Li二次電池、二次電池及び一次電池 |
-
2012
- 2012-03-07 JP JP2012049960A patent/JP5959046B2/ja active Active
-
2013
- 2013-03-05 US US13/785,919 patent/US9379402B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130280626A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
US9379402B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
JP2013186989A (ja) | 2013-09-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101209531B1 (ko) | 이온 교환 막을 포함하는 고체 알칼리성 연료 전지 | |
JP5959046B2 (ja) | アニオン伝導電解質膜およびその製造方法 | |
Wang et al. | Crosslinked poly (ether ether ketone) hydroxide exchange membranes with improved conductivity | |
JP6028312B2 (ja) | アニオン伝導電解質膜の製造方法 | |
JP5862372B2 (ja) | ポリマーの製造方法、固体高分子形燃料電池用電解質膜の製造方法および膜電極接合体の製造方法 | |
JP2000331693A (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池 | |
JP5004178B2 (ja) | 機械的強度に優れる高プロトン伝導性高分子電解質膜及びその製造方法 | |
EP1806371A1 (en) | Electrolyte material, electrolyte membrane and membrane electrode assembly for solid polymer fuel cell | |
WO2014175123A1 (ja) | 電解質材料、液状組成物および固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体 | |
JP5376485B2 (ja) | アルキルグラフト鎖からなる高分子電解質膜、及び、その製造方法 | |
US9379405B2 (en) | Polymer electrolyte membrane having alkylether graft chain | |
WO2008023801A1 (fr) | Membrane électrolytique polymère composée d'une base de membrane polymère aromatique et son procédé de production | |
JP4854284B2 (ja) | 高分子電解質膜の製造方法 | |
JP5673922B2 (ja) | 架橋芳香族高分子電解質膜とその製造方法、および架橋芳香族高分子電解質膜を用いた高分子形燃料電池 | |
JP5757001B2 (ja) | 耐熱性高分子電解質膜及びその製造方法 | |
US7714027B2 (en) | Crosslinked aromatic polymer electrolyte membrane and method for producing same | |
KR101655409B1 (ko) | 가교 고분자 블렌드 양이온 교환막 및 이의 제조방법 | |
JP6966771B2 (ja) | 陰イオン交換樹脂およびアルカリ型燃料電池用電解質膜 | |
Jin et al. | Preparation and investigation of high-temperature proton exchange membranes based on phosphoric acid doped imidazolium polysilsesquioxane crosslinked poly (vinyl chloride) | |
JP5614891B2 (ja) | 膜電極複合体、及び固体高分子電解質型燃料電池 | |
JP2009151938A (ja) | 燃料電池用固体高分子電解質膜及び燃料電池 | |
JP2014032952A (ja) | 芳香族高分子膜基材からなる高分子電解質膜、及び、その製造方法 | |
KR102256124B1 (ko) | 사슬연장기를 가지는 음이온 교환소재 및 이의 제조방법 | |
JP2009123437A (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池用の電解質膜およびその製造方法 | |
JP2016207609A (ja) | 複合高分子電解質膜およびその製造方法ならびに膜電極接合体、燃料電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20150122 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20150122 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20151023 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20151027 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20160607 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20160617 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5959046 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313115 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313117 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |