JP5937770B1 - 半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5937770B1 JP5937770B1 JP2015548080A JP2015548080A JP5937770B1 JP 5937770 B1 JP5937770 B1 JP 5937770B1 JP 2015548080 A JP2015548080 A JP 2015548080A JP 2015548080 A JP2015548080 A JP 2015548080A JP 5937770 B1 JP5937770 B1 JP 5937770B1
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- bonding wire
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L24/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0466—Alloys based on noble metals
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0607—Wires
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
- H01L23/49517—Additional leads
- H01L23/4952—Additional leads the additional leads being a bump or a wire
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- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53209—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
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- H01L23/53233—Copper alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L24/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/02—Bonding areas; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/04—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/05—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bonding areas prior to the connecting process of an individual bonding area
- H01L2224/0554—External layer
- H01L2224/05599—Material
- H01L2224/056—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/05617—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 400°C and less than 950°C
- H01L2224/05624—Aluminium [Al] as principal constituent
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/43—Manufacturing methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/43—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/431—Pre-treatment of the preform connector
- H01L2224/4312—Applying permanent coating, e.g. in-situ coating
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Abstract
Description
(1)Cu合金芯材と、前記Cu合金芯材の表面に形成されたPd被覆層とを有する半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤにおいて、
前記ボンディングワイヤがAs、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Seから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が合計で0.1〜100質量ppmであり、Sn≦10質量ppm、Sb≦10質量ppm、Bi≦1質量ppmであることを特徴とする半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(2)ワイヤ全体に対するAs、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Seから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素の濃度が合計で1〜100質量ppmであることを特徴とする上記(1)記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(3)前記Pd被覆層の厚さが0.015〜0.150μmであることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(4)前記Pd被覆層上にさらにAuとPdを含む合金表皮層を有することを特徴とする上記(1)〜(3)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(5)前記AuとPdを含む合金表皮層の厚さが0.0005〜0.050μmであることを特徴とする上記(4)記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(6)前記ボンディングワイヤがさらにNi、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Pt、Ga、Geから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.011〜1.2質量%であることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(5)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(7)前記Cu合金芯材がPdを含み、前記Cu合金芯材に含まれるPdの濃度が0.05〜1.2質量%であることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(6)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(8)前記ボンディングワイヤがさらにB、P、Mg、Ca、Laから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度がそれぞれ1〜100質量ppmであることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(7)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(9)前記ボンディングワイヤ表面の結晶方位を測定したときの測定結果において、前記ボンディングワイヤ長手方向に対して角度差が15度以下である結晶方位<111>の存在比率が面積率で、30〜100%であることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(8)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
(10)前記ボンディングワイヤの最表面にCuが存在することを特徴とする上記(1)〜(9)のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
次に本発明の実施形態に係るボンディングワイヤの製造方法を説明する。ボンディングワイヤは、芯材に用いるCu合金を製造した後、ワイヤ状に細く加工し、Pd被覆層、Au層を形成して、熱処理することで得られる。Pd被覆層、Au層を形成後、再度伸線と熱処理を行う場合もある。Cu合金芯材の製造方法、Pd被覆層、AuとPdを含む合金表皮層の形成方法、熱処理方法について詳しく説明する。
まずサンプルの作製方法について説明する。芯材の原材料となるCuは純度が99.99質量%以上で残部が不可避不純物から構成されるものを用いた。As、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Se、Ni、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Pt、Ga、Ge、Pd、B、P、Mg、Ca、Laは純度が99質量%以上で残部が不可避不純物から構成されるものを用いた。ワイヤ又は芯材の組成が目的のものとなるように、芯材への添加元素であるAs、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Se、Ni、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Pt、Ga、Ge、Pd、B、P、Mg、Ca、Laを調合する。As、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Se、Ni、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Pt、Ga、Ge、Pd、B、P、Mg、Ca、Laの添加に関しては、単体での調合も可能であるが、単体で高融点の元素や添加量が極微量である場合には、添加元素を含むCu母合金をあらかじめ作製しておいて目的の添加量となるように調合しても良い。
ワイヤ表面を観察面として、結晶組織の評価を行った。評価手法として、後方散乱電子線回折法(EBSD、Electron Backscattered Diffraction)を用いた。EBSD法は観察面の結晶方位を観察し、隣り合う測定点間での結晶方位の角度差を図示できるという特徴を有し、ボンディングワイヤのような細線であっても、比較的簡便ながら精度よく結晶方位を観察できる。
評価用のリードフレームに、ループ長5mm、ループ高さ0.5mmで100本ボンディングした。評価方法として、チップ水平方向からワイヤ直立部を観察し、ボール接合部の中心を通る垂線とワイヤ直立部との間隔が最大であるときの間隔(リーニング間隔)で評価した。リーニング間隔がワイヤ径よりも小さい場合にはリーニングは良好、大きい場合には直立部が傾斜しているためリーニングは不良であると判断した。100本のボンディングしたワイヤを光学顕微鏡で観察し、リーニング不良の本数を数えた。不良が7個以上発生した場合には問題があると判断し×印、不良が4〜6個であれば実用可能であるがやや問題有りとして△印、不良が1〜3個の場合は問題ないと判断し○印、不良が発生しなかった場合には優れていると判断し◎印とし、表1の「リーニング」の欄に表記した。
本発明例1〜109に係るボンディングワイヤは、Cu合金芯材と、Cu合金芯材の表面に形成されたPd被覆層とを有し、ボンディングワイヤがAs、Te、Sn、Sb、Bi、Seから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が合計で0.1〜100質量ppmである。これにより本発明例1〜109に係るボンディングワイヤは、温度が130℃、相対湿度が85%の高温高湿環境下でのHAST試験でボール接合部信頼性が得られることを確認した。
Claims (10)
- Cu合金芯材と、前記Cu合金芯材の表面に形成されたPd被覆層とを有する半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤにおいて、
前記ボンディングワイヤがAs、Teから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度が合計で0.1質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下である
ことを特徴とする半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。 - ワイヤ全体に対するAs、Teから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素の濃度が合計で1質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記Pd被覆層の厚さが0.015μm以上0.150μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記Pd被覆層上にさらにAuとPdを含む合金表皮層を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記AuとPdを含む合金表皮層の厚さが0.0005μm以上0.050μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項4記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤがさらにNi、Zn、Rh、In、Ir、Pt、Ga、Geから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度がそれぞれ0.011質量%以上1.2質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記Cu合金芯材がPdを含み、前記Cu合金芯材に含まれるPdの濃度が0.05質量%以上1.2質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤがさらにB、P、Mg、Ca、Laから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の元素を含み、ワイヤ全体に対する前記元素の濃度がそれぞれ1質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤ表面の結晶方位を測定したときの測定結果において、前記ボンディングワイヤ長手方向に対して角度差が15度以下である結晶方位<111>の存在比率が30%以上100%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記ボンディングワイヤの最表面にCuが存在することを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項記載の半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ。
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