JP5922103B2 - 複数の検知電極を備えた着用可能な携行型医療装置 - Google Patents
複数の検知電極を備えた着用可能な携行型医療装置 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、米国特許法第119条(e)に基づき、2010年5月18日に提出された「複数の検知電極を備えた着用可能な携行型医療装置(WEARABLE AMBULATORY MEDICAL DEVICE WITH MULTIPLE SENSING ELECTRODES)」と題する米国仮出願第61/345,914号、および、2010年12月17日に提出された「複数の検知電極を備えた着用可能な携行型医療装置(WEARABLE AMBULATORY MEDICAL DEVICE WITH MULTIPLE SENSING ELECTRODES)」と題する米国仮出願第61/424,344号の優先権を主張し、これらは各々その全体が本明細書に引用により援用される。
1.発明の分野
本発明は、概して患者の心機能の検出に向けられており、より具体的には着用可能な除細動器といった携行型医療装置において心機能を検出し心疾患を治療することに向けられている。
移動する患者が着用する着用可能な除細動器といった携帯型医療装置を用いることで、患者の心電図(ECG:electrocardiogram)信号が体表面電極から得られる。ECG信号をこのようにして得るとき、電気ノイズまたは電極の離脱によるECG信号の品質の低下が頻繁に生じる。体表面電極から得た、場合によってはノイズのある信号から、クリーンなECG信号を抽出することが、課題となっている。
本発明の実施の形態は、患者の体の周囲において異なる軸方向位置に配置された複数のECG検知電極が組込まれ、これら複数のECG検知電極からなる異なる対に対応する複数のチャネルからの選択を行なうことにより、得られるECG信号の品質を大幅に向上させることができる、着用可能な医療モニタ装置および/または着用可能な医療モニタおよび治療装置に向けられている。この改善されたECGセンサ設計を用いることにより、ノイズの低減、離脱警告の回数の低減、誤って心不整脈が検出される回数の低減、またはこれらすべてが可能である。複数のチャネルから、心臓の電気的活動について異なる見解が得られ、これらチャネルを用いることにより検出の感度および特異性を改善できる。
本発明の応用は、以下の説明に記載されたまたは図面に示された構成要素の構造の細部および配置に限定されない。本発明には他の実施の形態が可能であり、本発明はさまざまなやり方で実施または実行できる。また、本明細書で使用される表現および用語は、説明を目的としたものであって限定とみなされるべきではない。「含む」、「備える」、「有する」、「含有する」、「伴う」およびこれらの変形の使用は、以下に示されるアイテム、その均等物、およびさらなるアイテムを包含することを意図している。
Claims (32)
- 携行型医療装置であって、
患者の体の周囲において間隔が空いた位置に配置されるように構成された複数の電極と、
複数の入力を有する電極信号取得回路とを含み、前記複数の入力はそれぞれ前記複数の電極に電気的に結合され、前記電極信号取得回路は前記複数の電極の複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を検知するように構成され、
前記電極信号取得回路の出力に電気的に結合されたモニタ回路を含み、前記モニタ回路は、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を解析するように、かつ、前記電極信号取得回路に対し、より良いまたはより望ましい信号を得るために、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号の品質、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号と、前記複数の異なる対から選択された別の少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号との位相差、患者の体に対する、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対の電極の位置、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対の電極によって定められる面、および、患者の心臓の心周期のうち、少なくとも2つに基づいて、選択するよう命令するように構成される、携行型医療装置。 - 患者の体の周囲に着用されるように構成された衣服をさらに含み、前記複数の電極は、前記衣服に組込まれる少なくとも3つのECG検知電極を含み、
前記モニタ回路は心臓モニタおよび不整脈検出回路であり、
前記少なくとも3つのECG検知電極は、すべてが共通面に位置するとは限らない、請求項1に記載の携行型医療装置。 - 前記心臓モニタおよび不整脈検出回路は、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を解析するように、かつ、前記電極信号取得回路に対し、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号の品質、および、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号と、前記複数の異なる対から選択された別の少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号との位相差に基づいて、選択するよう命令するように構成される、請求項2に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記衣服に組込まれ、前記心臓モニタおよび不整脈検出回路による治療可能な心不整脈の検出に応じて除細動ショックを患者の体に与えるように構成された複数の治療電極をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記心臓モニタおよび不整脈検出回路は、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を解析するように、かつ、前記電極信号取得回路に対し、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号の品質、および、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対の電極によって定められる面に基づいて、選択するよう命令するように構成される、請求項2に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記心臓モニタおよび不整脈検出回路は、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を解析するように、かつ、前記電極信号取得回路に対し、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、患者の体に対する、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対の電極の位置と、患者の心臓の心周期とに基づいて、選択するよう命令するように構成される、請求項2に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記心臓モニタおよび不整脈検出回路は、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも3つを、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対各々によって与えられた信号の品質、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対各々によって与えられた信号間の位相差、患者の体に対する、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対の電極の位置、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対の電極によって定められる面、および、患者の心臓の心周期のうち、少なくとも2つに基づいて、選択するように構成される、請求項2に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 患者の体の周囲に着用されるように構成された衣服をさらに含み、前記複数の電極は前記衣服に組込まれ、前記複数の電極は、すべてが共通面に位置するとは限らない少なくとも4つのECG検知電極を含む、請求項1に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記モニタ回路は、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を解析するように、かつ、前記電極信号取得回路に対し、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号の品質、および、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号と、前記複数の異なる対から選択された別の少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号との位相差に基づいて、選択するよう命令するように構成される、請求項1または請求項8のうちいずれか1項に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記モニタ回路は、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を解析するように、かつ前記電極信号取得回路に対し、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられた信号の品質、および、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対の電極によって定められる面に基づいて、選択するよう命令するように構成される、請求項1または請求項8のうちいずれか1項に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記モニタ回路は、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられた信号を解析するように、かつ、前記電極信号取得回路に対し、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、患者の体に対する、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも1つの対の電極の位置、および、患者の心臓の心周期に基づいて、選択するよう命令するように構成される、請求項1または請求項8のうちいずれか1項に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記モニタ回路は、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも3つを、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対各々によって与えられた信号の品質、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対各々によって与えられた信号間の位相差、患者の体に対する、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対の電極の位置、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対の電極によって定められる面、および、患者の心臓の心周期のうち、少なくとも2つに基づいて、選択するように構成される、請求項1または請求項8のうちいずれか1項に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記モニタ回路は、第1の期間中は、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対のうち少なくとも2つの対を選択し、かつ、第2の期間中は、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対から選択された少なくとも3つの対のうち異なる少なくとも2つの対を選択するように構成される、請求項12に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記電極信号取得回路は、複数の入力と複数の出力とを有する選択回路を含み、前記選択回路の複数の入力はそれぞれ前記複数の電極に電気的に結合され、
前記電極信号取得回路は、複数の差動増幅器を含み、各差動増幅器は1対の入力と1つの出力とを有し、前記一対の入力を構成する入力はそれぞれ前記選択回路の複数の出力に電気的に結合され、前記複数の差動増幅器の各出力は、各差動増幅器の一対の入力を構成する入力間の差に相当する出力信号を与える、請求項1に記載の携行型医療装置。 - 前記電極信号取得回路は、各々が1対の入力と1つの出力とを有する複数の差動増幅器を含み、前記複数の差動増幅器は、前記複数の電極の各対に対する差動増幅器を含み、
前記電極信号取得回路は、前記複数の差動増幅器の少なくとも1つの出力を選択して前記モニタ回路に与えるように構成された選択回路を含む、請求項1に記載の携行型医療装置。 - 前記電極信号取得回路は、複数の入力と1つの出力とを有するアナログマルチプレクサを含み、前記複数の入力はそれぞれ前記複数の電極に電気的に結合され、
前記電極信号取得回路は、前記アナログマルチプレクサの出力に電気的に結合された入力を有するアナログデジタル変換器を含む、請求項1に記載の携行型医療装置。 - 前記モニタ回路は少なくとも1つのプロセッサを含み、前記プロセッサは、前記複数の電極のうちの第1の電極に対応する第1のデジタル信号と、前記複数の電極のうちの第2の電極に対応する第2のデジタル信号とを受け、前記第1および第2のデジタル信号のうち一方を反転させ、前記第1および第2のデジタル信号のうちの反転させた一方の信号と、前記第1および第2のデジタル信号のうちの他方の信号との和を求めることにより、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との対によって与えられた信号を解析するように構成される、請求項16に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記電極信号取得回路は複数のアナログデジタル変換器を含み、前記アナログデジタル変換器それぞれの入力は、前記複数の電極にそれぞれ電気的に結合される、請求項1に記載の携行型医療装置。
- 前記複数のアナログデジタル変換器は各々、シリアルバスによって、前記複数のアナログデジタル変換器のうちの別のアナログデジタル変換器に接続される、請求項18に記載の携行型医療装置。
- ECG信号をモニタする方法であって、
複数のECGセンサの中から、複数の異なるECGセンサ対を選択するステップと、
前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられたECG信号を解析するステップと、
より良いまたはより望ましいECG信号を得るために、モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられたECG信号の品質、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられたECG信号と、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された別の少なくとも1つの対によって与えられたECG信号との位相差、患者の体に対する、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対のECGセンサの位置、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対のECGセンサによって定められる面、および、患者の心臓の心周期のうち、少なくとも2つに基づいて、識別するステップと、
前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対をモニタするステップとを含む、方法。 - モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを識別するステップは、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられたECG信号の品質、および、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられたECG信号と、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された別の少なくとも1つの対によって与えられたECG信号との位相差に基づく、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のECGセンサの中から複数の異なるECGセンサ対を選択するステップは、前記複数のECGセンサの中から、各ECGセンサ対を選択するステップを含み、前記複数の異なる対各々によって与えられたECG信号を解析するステップは、各ECGセンサ対によって与えられたECG信号を解析するステップを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記モニタするステップは、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対をモニタして心不整脈を表す信号がECG信号に含まれることを検出するステップを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記モニタするステップに応じて心不整脈を表す信号を検出するステップと、
前記心不整脈を表す信号を検出するステップに応じて少なくとも1つのさらなるECGセンサ対を選択し、前記少なくとも1つのさらなる対によって与えられたECG信号を解析するステップと、
前記検出された心不整脈を表す信号が、前記少なくとも1つのさらなる対のECG信号にもあると判断するステップと、
前記心不整脈を表す信号の検出の信頼度を高めるステップとをさらに含む、請求項23に記載の方法。 - 前記モニタするステップに応じて心不整脈を表す信号を検出するステップと、
前記心不整脈を表す信号を検出するステップに応じて少なくとも1つのさらなるECGセンサ対を選択し、前記少なくとも1つのさらなる対によって与えられたECG信号を解析するステップと、
前記検出された心不整脈を表す信号が、前記少なくとも1つのさらなる対のECG信号にはないと判断するステップと、
前記心不整脈を表す信号の検出の信頼度を下げるステップとをさらに含む、請求項23に記載の方法。 - 前記選択するステップ、前記解析するステップ、および前記識別するステップは、周期的間隔で繰返される、請求項20および21のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のECGセンサは、患者の体の周囲に着用される衣服に組込まれ、前記選択するステップ、前記解析するステップ、および前記識別するステップは、前記衣服が患者の体の周囲に配置されるたびに行なわれる、請求項20および21のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のECGセンサは患者の体の周囲に着用される衣服に組込まれ、前記方法はさらに、
患者の激しい身体活動を検出するステップと、
前記患者の激しい活動を検出するステップに応じて、前記選択するステップ、前記解析するステップ、および前記識別するステップを繰返すステップとを含む、請求項20および21のうちいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対のうちのECGセンサの第1の対によって与えられたECG信号の品質が、定められたしきい値を下回ると判断するステップと、
ECGセンサの別の対を選択して前記ECGセンサの第1の対と置換えるステップと、
前記ECGセンサの別の対をモニタするステップとをさらに含む、請求項21に記載の方法。 - 前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対のうちのECGセンサの第1の対によって与えられたECG信号の品質から、前記第1の対のECGセンサのうち1つ以上が、患者の体との接触を少なくとも部分的に失っている可能性があると判断するステップと、
ECGセンサの別の対を選択して前記ECGセンサの第1の対と置換えるステップと、
前記ECGセンサの前記別の対をモニタするステップとをさらに含む、請求項20および21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを識別するステップは、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対によって与えられたECG信号の品質、および、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対を構成するECGセンサによって定められる面に基づく、請求項20に記載の方法。
- モニタする対象である、前記複数の異なる対のうち少なくとも1つを識別するステップは、患者の体に対する、前記複数の異なる対のうち識別された少なくとも1つの対を構成するECGセンサの位置、および、患者の心臓の心周期に基づく、請求項20に記載の方法。
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CN103002800B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
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EP2571419B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
WO2011146482A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
JP2013528070A (ja) | 2013-07-08 |
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EP2571419A4 (en) | 2014-11-26 |
CN103002800A (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
BR112012029240A2 (pt) | 2017-05-30 |
US20160045156A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 |
US20160367162A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
US20140336519A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
JP2016147103A (ja) | 2016-08-18 |
US10405768B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
US20190336028A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
US11540715B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 |
US11103133B2 (en) | 2021-08-31 |
US20110288605A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
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