JP5881379B2 - Fishing boat refrigeration equipment - Google Patents

Fishing boat refrigeration equipment Download PDF

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JP5881379B2
JP5881379B2 JP2011246312A JP2011246312A JP5881379B2 JP 5881379 B2 JP5881379 B2 JP 5881379B2 JP 2011246312 A JP2011246312 A JP 2011246312A JP 2011246312 A JP2011246312 A JP 2011246312A JP 5881379 B2 JP5881379 B2 JP 5881379B2
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circulation path
cooling
residual liquid
temperature
liquid
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JP2013104574A (en
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克教 増井
克教 増井
貴志 坂本
貴志 坂本
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Mayekawa Manufacturing Co
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Priority to TW101135404A priority patent/TWI539127B/en
Priority to KR1020120110762A priority patent/KR101786481B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/26—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for frozen goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/006—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type with cascade operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/28—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves specially adapted for sorption cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/043—Operating continuously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2315/00—Sorption refrigeration cycles or details thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)

Description

本発明は、ＮＨ３冷媒が循環し冷凍サイクル構成機器を備えたＮＨ３循環路と、該ＮＨ３冷媒で冷却されたＣＯ２液を魚倉に供給するＣＯ２循環路とで構成された漁船用冷凍装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a fishing boat comprising an NH 3 circulation path in which NH 3 refrigerant is circulated and provided with a refrigeration cycle constituent device, and a CO 2 circulation path for supplying a CO 2 liquid cooled by the NH 3 refrigerant to a fishhouse. The present invention relates to a refrigeration apparatus.

従来、漁船に搭載され、漁獲物を魚倉内で冷凍保管する冷凍装置は、例えば、冷媒として代替フロンを用い、乾式蒸発器を備えた冷凍装置や、冷媒としてＮＨ３を用いたＮＨ３直膨方式の冷凍装置が用いられていた。また、魚倉に配設された冷却管は、例えば、凍結倉には冷却管によって漁獲物を載置する棚を構成する管棚等が形成され、保冷倉にはヘアピンコイル式の冷却管等が配設されている。そして、魚倉に海水等のブラインを注入するか、あるいは空冷で魚を冷凍保管している。特許文献１及び特許文献２には、ヘアピンコイル式蒸発器を備えた冷凍装置が開示されている。 Conventionally, a refrigeration apparatus that is mounted on a fishing boat and that freezes and stores fishery products in a fishhouse, for example, uses an alternative chlorofluorocarbon as a refrigerant, a refrigeration apparatus equipped with a dry evaporator, or NH 3 direct expansion using NH 3 as a refrigerant A refrigeration system of the type was used. In addition, the cooling pipes arranged in the fish hold are, for example, tube shelves that form shelves on which the catch is placed by the cooling pipes in the freezing warehouse, and hairpin coil-type cooling pipes in the cold storage etc. Is arranged. Then, brine such as seawater is injected into the fishhouse, or the fish is stored frozen by air cooling. Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose a refrigeration apparatus including a hairpin coil evaporator.

漁船には複数の凍結倉や保冷倉があるため、これらに配設される冷却管は、多系統に枝分かれし、また冷却管の長さは、管断面積と比較して長大なものとなる。そのため、冷却管に大量の冷媒を循環させる必要があり、必然的に冷媒を貯留する受液器が大型化する。魚倉の冷却管に充填されるＣＯ２液が漁船搭載量の大部分を占める。また、冷却管を流れる冷媒の圧力損失による冷凍装置の動力増加は無視し得ないものとなる。代替フロンは地球温暖化係数ＧＷＰが比較的高く地球環境の観点から好ましくない。また、代替フロンは粘性係数が比較的大きく、冷凍装置の動力が増大し、省エネとならない。 Since fishing boats have multiple freezers and coolers, the cooling pipes arranged in them are branched into multiple systems, and the length of the cooling pipes is longer than the pipe cross-sectional area. . Therefore, it is necessary to circulate a large amount of refrigerant in the cooling pipe, and the liquid receiver that inevitably stores the refrigerant is increased in size. The CO 2 liquid that fills the cooling pipes in the fishhouse occupies the majority of the fishing boat load. Further, the increase in power of the refrigeration apparatus due to the pressure loss of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling pipe cannot be ignored. Alternative chlorofluorocarbon has a relatively high global warming potential GWP and is not preferable from the viewpoint of the global environment. In addition, the substitute CFC has a relatively large viscosity coefficient, which increases the power of the refrigeration apparatus and does not save energy.

一方、ＮＨ３は比較的高価であり、かつ毒性があるため、大量のＮＨ３を用いるのは好ましくない。また、ＮＨ３冷媒を用いた直膨方式の冷凍装置は、潤滑油が冷却管内に滞留し、この潤滑油が冷却管の熱伝導を低下させ、冷凍装置の熱効率を低下させるという問題がある。また、直膨方式の冷凍装置は、圧縮機への冷媒の液バックを防止するという観点から、冷却管内の過熱度を高くしがちとなる。そのため、余分な動力が必要になる。 On the other hand, since NH 3 is relatively expensive and toxic, it is not preferable to use a large amount of NH 3 . Further, the direct expansion type refrigeration apparatus using NH 3 refrigerant has a problem that the lubricating oil stays in the cooling pipe, and this lubricating oil lowers the heat conduction of the cooling pipe and lowers the thermal efficiency of the refrigeration apparatus. Further, the direct expansion type refrigeration apparatus tends to increase the degree of superheat in the cooling pipe from the viewpoint of preventing the liquid back of the refrigerant to the compressor. Therefore, extra power is required.

特開昭６０−１３８３７８号公報JP 60-138378 A 特開平２−１２６０５２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-126052

そこで、本発明者等は、漁船に搭載する冷凍装置として、冷凍サイクルを構成するＮＨ３循環路に、カスケードコンデンサを介してＣＯ２循環路を接続し、カスケードコンデンサで冷却されたＣＯ２液を潜熱利用のブラインとして、液ポンプで冷却管に循環させる二元式冷凍装置を用いることを考えた。ＣＯ２は毒性がない自然冷媒であり、地球温暖化係数ＧＷＰが非常に小さいという長所をもつ。また、ＣＯ２液は粘性係数が小さいので、長い冷却管を流れても圧力損失が増大しない。そのため、液ポンプを小型化できる等の長所も合わせもつ。 Therefore, the present inventors, as a refrigeration apparatus mounted on a fishing boat, connect a CO 2 circulation path to a NH 3 circulation path constituting a refrigeration cycle via a cascade condenser, and supply the CO 2 liquid cooled by the cascade condenser. We considered using a binary refrigeration system that circulates to a cooling pipe with a liquid pump as a brine for using latent heat. CO 2 is a non-toxic natural refrigerant and has the advantage that the global warming potential GWP is very small. Further, since the CO 2 liquid has a small viscosity coefficient, the pressure loss does not increase even if it flows through a long cooling pipe. For this reason, the liquid pump can be downsized.

しかし、設置スペースが狭い漁船においては、受液器が大型化することだけでも、冷凍装置の設置が困難になる。そのため、冷却管の小径化や、エロフィンコイル等の採用により熱交換効率を高め、ＣＯ２量を低減する必要がある。また、ＣＯ２は常温で高圧となる。例えば、外部温度３０℃で管内圧力は７〜８ＭＰａに達する。そのため、漁船の停泊中やドック入渠中等、冷凍装置が稼働してない時、高圧となるおそれがある。従って、配管系やその他の設備の耐圧強度を増大する等の対策が必要となり、設備費が高コストとなる問題がある。 However, in a fishing boat with a small installation space, it is difficult to install a refrigeration device just by increasing the size of the liquid receiver. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the heat exchange efficiency and reduce the amount of CO 2 by reducing the diameter of the cooling pipe and adopting an erotic fin coil. Moreover, CO 2 is the pressure at ambient temperature. For example, the internal pressure reaches 7-8 MPa at an external temperature of 30 ° C. Therefore, there is a risk of high pressure when the refrigeration system is not operating, such as when a fishing boat is anchored or docked. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as increasing the pressure resistance of the piping system and other equipment, and there is a problem that the equipment cost becomes high.

本発明は、かかる従来技術の課題に鑑み、漁船用冷凍装置として、ＮＨ３／ＣＯ２二元式冷凍装置を用いる場合に、ＣＯ２量を低減し、冷凍装置の装置構成を小型化して漁船への搭載を容易にすると共に、冷凍装置が非稼働のとき、ＣＯ２の圧力上昇を防止することを目的とする。 In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention reduces the amount of CO 2 when the NH 3 / CO 2 binary refrigeration apparatus is used as a fishing boat refrigeration apparatus, and downsizes the apparatus configuration of the refrigeration apparatus. The purpose is to prevent the CO 2 pressure from increasing when the refrigeration apparatus is not in operation.

かかる目的を達成するため、本発明の漁船用冷凍装置は、ＮＨ３を冷媒とし冷凍サイクル構成機器が設けられたＮＨ３循環路と、
ＣＯ２が循環し、該ＮＨ３循環路とカスケードコンデンサを介して接続された第１ＣＯ２循環路と、
該第１ＣＯ２循環路に設けられたＣＯ２受液器と、
該ＣＯ２受液器と魚倉に設けられた冷却管との間に接続された第２ＣＯ２循環路と、
該第２ＣＯ２循環路に設けられ、前記ＣＯ２受液器のＣＯ２液を冷却管に送る液ポンプと、
前記冷却管の上流側で第２ＣＯ２循環路に設けられた流量調整弁と、
前記冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定するＣＯ２残液量判定手段と、
該ＣＯ２残液量判定手段の判定結果に基づいて前記流量調整弁の開度を制御する制御装置と、
前記第１ＣＯ２循環路に接続された予備ＣＯ２循環路と、
該予備ＣＯ２循環路を流れるＣＯ２を冷却する予備冷凍装置と、
前記予備冷凍装置を駆動する自家発電機と、
前記予備冷凍装置と該自家発電機又は陸上電源装置とを切替え接続可能にする切換器とを備え、
前記ＣＯ ２ 残液量判定手段は、
前記魚倉の内部温度を検出する温度センサーと、
前記制御装置に記憶され、魚倉の設定冷却温度と前記温度センサーの検出値との差分と、前記冷却管出口部のＣＯ ２ 残液量との相関を示す相関マップと、
前記差分及び前記相関マップから冷却管出口部のＣＯ ２ 残液量を判定する判定部とで構成されていることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve such an object, the fishing boat refrigeration apparatus of the present invention comprises NH 3 as a refrigerant and NH 3 circulation path provided with refrigeration cycle components,
CO 2 is circulated, and the 1 CO 2 circulation path connected via the NH 3 circulation path and the cascade condenser,
A CO 2 receiver provided in the first CO 2 circulation path;
A first 2CO 2 circulation path connected between the cooling tube provided in the CO 2 receiver and Sakanakura,
A liquid pump that is provided in the second CO 2 circulation path and sends the CO 2 liquid of the CO 2 receiver to a cooling pipe;
A flow rate adjustment valve provided in the second CO 2 circulation path upstream of the cooling pipe;
And CO 2 residual liquid amount determining means for determining CO 2 residual liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet,
A control device for controlling the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve based on the determination result of the CO 2 residual liquid amount determination means;
And preliminary CO 2 circulation path connected to the first 1 CO 2 circulation path,
A preliminary refrigeration apparatus for cooling CO 2 flowing through the preliminary CO 2 circulation path;
A private generator that drives the preliminary refrigeration device;
A switch that enables switching connection between the preliminary refrigeration apparatus and the private generator or onshore power supply ,
The CO 2 residual liquid amount determination means includes:
A temperature sensor for detecting the internal temperature of the fishhouse;
A correlation map stored in the control device and indicating a correlation between a difference between a set cooling temperature of a fishhouse and a detected value of the temperature sensor, and a CO 2 residual liquid amount at the outlet of the cooling pipe ;
Characterized in that it is composed of a determining portion of CO 2 remaining liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet from said difference and the correlation map.

この二元式冷凍装置は、第１ＣＯ２循環路のＣＯ２ガスがカスケードコンデンサでＮＨ３によって冷却され、冷却されたＣＯ２液が受液器に貯留される。受液器に貯留されたＣＯ２液は、液ポンプにより第２ＣＯ２循環路を通って魚倉に配設された冷却管に送られる。そして、ＣＯ２液の蒸発潜熱で漁倉内の漁獲物を冷却する。 In this binary refrigeration apparatus, the CO 2 gas in the first CO 2 circulation path is cooled by NH 3 with a cascade condenser, and the cooled CO 2 liquid is stored in the receiver. The CO 2 liquid stored in the liquid receiver is sent by a liquid pump to the cooling pipe disposed in the fishhouse through the second CO 2 circulation path. Then, the catch in the fishery is cooled by the latent heat of evaporation of the CO 2 liquid.

本発明装置は、さらに、冷却管の上流側で第２ＣＯ２循環路に設けられた流量調整弁と、冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定するＣＯ２残液量判定手段と、ＣＯ２残液量判定手段の判定結果に基づいて、流量調整弁の開度を制御する制御装置とを備えている。液ポンプ及び流量調整弁は最大負荷に合わせた流量で仕様が選定されているため、冷凍装置の冷却負荷が小さいとき、冷却管のＣＯ２蒸発量が少なくなり、蒸発量に比べてＣＯ２量が過剰に冷却管に供給される。そのため、管棚やヘアピンコイルに貯留するＣＯ２液量が多くなるので、漁船に充填されるＣＯ２必要量が増大し、ＣＯ２受液器も大型になってしまう。そこで、本発明者等は、冷凍装置の冷却負荷が少なくなった状況をみて、管棚や魚倉のヘアピンコイルの冷却管に供給するＣＯ２液量を減ずることを考えた。 The present invention apparatus further includes a flow regulating valve provided in the 2CO 2 circulation path upstream of the cooling tube, the CO 2 residual liquid amount determining means for determining CO 2 residual liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet, CO (2) A control device that controls the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve based on the determination result of the remaining liquid amount determination means. Since the liquid pump and the flow regulating valve which specifications at a flow rate to match the maximum load is chosen, when the cooling load of the refrigeration apparatus is small, CO 2 amount of evaporation of the cooling pipe is reduced, CO 2 amount in comparison with the amount of evaporation Is excessively supplied to the cooling pipe. For this reason, the amount of CO 2 liquid stored in the tube shelf or the hairpin coil increases, so that the required amount of CO 2 filled in the fishing boat increases, and the CO 2 liquid receiver also becomes large. In view of the situation where the cooling load of the refrigeration apparatus is reduced, the present inventors have considered reducing the amount of CO 2 liquid supplied to the cooling tube of the tube shelf or the hairpin coil of the fishhouse.

即ち、ＣＯ２残液量判定手段で冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定し、冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量が多くならないように、制御装置で流量調整弁の開度を調整することで、ＣＯ２残液量を低減できるようにした。これによって、漁船に充填されるＣＯ２必要量を低減でき、ＣＯ２受液器及び配管系を小型化できるので、設置スペースが狭い漁船へのＮＨ３／ＣＯ２二元式冷凍装置の搭載が容易になる。なお、流量調整弁は開度調整可能なものを用いるか、あるいはオンオフ式の流量調整弁を用いてもよい。オンオフ式の流量調整弁は、ＰＷＭ（パルス幅変調）という間欠式な開閉制御を行い、開動作時間又は閉動作時間を調整することで、ＣＯ２供給量を調整できる。 That is, to determine the CO 2 residual liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet in CO 2 remaining liquid amount determining unit, as CO 2 remaining liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet is not much, the degree of opening of the flow control valve in the control device By adjusting, it was made possible to reduce the amount of residual CO 2 liquid. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the CO 2 necessary amount to be filled in vessels, since CO 2 receiver and piping system can be miniaturized, the mounting of the NH 3 / CO 2 two yuan refrigerating apparatus installation space into a narrow fishing vessels It becomes easy. The flow rate adjustment valve may be one that can adjust the opening, or an on / off type flow rate adjustment valve may be used. The on / off type flow rate adjusting valve performs intermittent open / close control called PWM (pulse width modulation) and adjusts the opening operation time or the closing operation time, thereby adjusting the CO 2 supply amount.

本発明装置は、さらに、第１ＣＯ２循環路に接続された予備ＣＯ２循環路と、予備ＣＯ２循環路を流れるＣＯ２を冷却する予備冷凍装置と、予備冷凍装置を駆動する自家発電機と、予備冷凍装置と自家発電機又は陸上電源装置とを切替え接続可能な切換器とを備えている。漁船の停泊中やドック入渠中等、ＮＨ３冷凍サイクルが稼働してない時、ＣＯ２受液器内のＣＯ２ガスを予備ＣＯ２循環路に導き、自家発電機又は陸上の電源装置を用いて予備冷凍装置を稼働する。これによって、ＣＯ２受液器内のＣＯ２ガスを冷却し、液化させるで、受液器や配管内のＣＯ２が高圧にならない。 The present invention apparatus may further include a preliminary CO 2 circulation path connected to the 1 CO 2 circulation path, and a spare refrigeration system for cooling the CO 2 through the preliminary CO 2 circulation path, a private power generator for driving the pre-refrigeration device And a switching device capable of switching and connecting the preliminary refrigeration apparatus and the private generator or the onshore power supply apparatus. Berth or during dock docking secondary vessels, when the NH 3 refrigeration cycle is not running, leads to CO 2 gas in the CO 2 receiver to the preliminary CO 2 circulation path, using the power supply of the private power generator or land The preliminary refrigeration unit is operated. As a result, the CO 2 gas in the CO 2 receiver is cooled and liquefied, so that the CO 2 in the receiver and piping does not become high pressure.

流量調整弁の開度を小さくしたり、あるいは流量調整弁を閉じたとき、流量調整弁上流側のＣＯ２圧力が異常上昇するおそれがある。そのため、液ポンプの吐出側ＣＯ２圧力を検出する圧力センサーを設け、該圧力センサーの検出値に基づいて、制御装置によって液ポンプの吐出量を制御し、液ポンプ吐出側のＣＯ２圧力を設定値に維持するようにするとよい。これによって、冷却管内のＣＯ２圧力の異常上昇を抑制できる。 When the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve is reduced or the flow rate adjustment valve is closed, the CO 2 pressure upstream of the flow rate adjustment valve may be abnormally increased. Therefore, a pressure sensor for detecting the discharge pump CO 2 pressure of the liquid pump is provided, and the discharge amount of the liquid pump is controlled by the control device based on the detected value of the pressure sensor, and the CO 2 pressure on the discharge pump side is set. It is better to keep the value. Thereby, the abnormal rise of the CO 2 pressure in the cooling pipe can be suppressed.

本発明において、ＣＯ２残液量判定手段は、流量調整弁の出口側及び魚倉出口側冷却管に夫々設けられた温度センサーと、該２つの温度センサーの検出値の差から冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定する判定部とで構成されているとよい。ＣＯ２は気液混合状態から過熱状態になると温度が上昇する。この温度上昇を検出することで、ＣＯ２が気液混合状態であるか、過熱状態であるかがわかる。２つの温度センサーの検出値に差がないとき、冷却管出口部でＣＯ２が気液混合状態であると判定し、流量調整弁の開度を小さくする。２つの温度センサーの検出値の差が設定値を超えたら、冷却管出口部でＣＯ２残液がなくなったと判定して、流量調整弁の開度を大きくする。ＣＯ２残液量判定手段をかかる構成とすることで、比較的簡易な操作で、ＣＯ２残液量を判定できる。
In the present invention, the CO 2 residual liquid amount determining means includes a temperature sensor provided in each of the outlet side of the flow rate adjusting valve and the outlet side of the fishhouse outlet, and a difference between detected values of the two temperature sensors. the CO 2 residual liquid volume may be constituted by the determination unit. The temperature of CO 2 rises when it is overheated from the gas-liquid mixed state. By detecting this temperature rise, it can be seen whether CO 2 is in a gas-liquid mixed state or in an overheated state. When there is no difference between the detection values of the two temperature sensors, it is determined that CO 2 is in a gas-liquid mixed state at the outlet of the cooling pipe, and the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve is reduced. When the difference between the detection values of the two temperature sensors exceeds the set value, it is determined that the CO 2 residual liquid has disappeared at the outlet of the cooling pipe, and the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve is increased. By adopting such a configuration of the CO 2 residual liquid amount determining means, the CO 2 residual liquid amount can be determined by a relatively simple operation.

ＣＯ２残液量判定手段の別な構成例として、魚倉の内部温度を検出する温度センサーと、制御装置に記憶され、魚倉の設定冷却温度と温度センサーの検出値との差分と、冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量との相関を示す相関マップと、前記差分と相関マップで冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定する判定部とで構成するとよい。 As another configuration example of the CO 2 residual liquid amount determination means, a temperature sensor that detects the internal temperature of the fishhouse, a difference between the set cooling temperature of the fishhouse and the detected value of the temperature sensor, and the cooling a correlation map showing the correlation between the CO 2 residual liquid volume of the tube outlet, may be configured by the determination unit of CO 2 remaining liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet with the difference between the correlation map.

魚倉内の温度が設定冷却温度に近づくと、魚倉の冷却負荷は低減する。魚倉の冷却負荷が低減すれば、魚倉出口側冷却管のＣＯ２蒸発量は低減する。この点から、魚倉の設定冷却温度と実際の検出温度との差分と、冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量とはある種の相関がある。このためこの発明ではこの相関関係を予め求めておくことで、冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定できる。そのため、こうして求めた相関マップと前記差分とからＣＯ２残液量を判定できる。また、前記２つの構成例を併用した判定手段としてもよい。この併用型判定手段とすれば、冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量をさらに正確に判定できる。
When the temperature in the fishhouse approaches the set cooling temperature, the cooling load of the fishhouse is reduced. If the cooling load of the fishhouse is reduced, the CO 2 evaporation amount of the fishhouse outlet side cooling pipe is reduced. From this point, there is a certain correlation between the difference between the set cooling temperature of the fishhouse and the actual detected temperature and the amount of CO 2 remaining liquid at the outlet of the cooling pipe. Therefore, in the present invention, by obtaining this correlation in advance, it is possible to determine the amount of CO 2 remaining liquid at the outlet of the cooling pipe. Therefore, the CO 2 residual liquid amount can be determined from the correlation map thus obtained and the difference. Moreover, it is good also as a determination means which used the said 2 structural example together. If this combined type determination means is used, the amount of CO 2 remaining liquid at the outlet of the cooling pipe can be determined more accurately.

本発明によれば、漁船用冷凍装置として、ＮＨ３／ＣＯ２二元式冷凍装置を用い、ＣＯ２残液量判定手段によって冷却管内のＣＯ２残液量を判定し、このＣＯ２残液量から、制御装置によって冷却管の上流側に設けられた流量調整弁の開度を調整するようにしたので、冷却管内のＣＯ２残液量を低減でき、これによって、漁船に充填される必要ＣＯ２量を低減できる。そのため、ＣＯ２受液器及び配管設備等、冷凍装置を小型化できるので、設置スペースが狭い漁船でも搭載が容易になる。 According to the present invention, as fishing boats refrigeration system, using NH 3 / CO 2 two yuan refrigerating apparatus, the CO 2 residual liquid amount determining means determines the CO 2 residual liquid of the cooling tube, the CO 2 residual liquid The amount of CO 2 remaining liquid in the cooling pipe can be reduced by adjusting the opening degree of the flow regulating valve provided upstream of the cooling pipe by the control device from the amount, and it is necessary to fill the fishing boat by this The amount of CO 2 can be reduced. Therefore, the refrigeration apparatus such as a CO 2 receiver and piping equipment can be reduced in size, so that even a fishing boat with a small installation space can be easily mounted.

また、予備冷凍装置、自家発電機及び切換器を備えているので、漁船の停泊中やドック入渠中等、ＮＨ３冷凍サイクルが稼働してない時でも、自家発電機又は陸上の電源装置を用いて予備冷凍装置を稼働できる。そのため、ＣＯ２受液器及び配管系等のＣＯ２ガスを冷却液化し、ＣＯ２ガスの高圧化を防止できるので、ＣＯ２受液器等を含む冷凍装置及びその配管系の耐圧強度を緩和でき、設備費を低コストにできる。 In addition, since it has a pre-refrigeration system, a private generator, and a changer, even when the NH 3 refrigeration cycle is not in operation, such as when a fishing boat is anchored or docked, a private generator or an onshore power supply can be used. The preliminary refrigeration unit can be operated. Therefore, CO 2 receiver and CO 2 gas piping system such as cooling liquefied, it is possible to prevent the high pressure of CO 2 gas, the refrigeration apparatus includes a CO 2 receiver, etc., and alleviate the pressure resistance of the piping system The equipment cost can be reduced.

本発明装置の一実施形態に係る全体構成図である。It is a whole lineblock diagram concerning one embodiment of the device of the present invention. 前記実施形態の制御系を示すブロック線図である。It is a block diagram which shows the control system of the said embodiment. 前記実施形態で用いられる相関マップ図である。It is a correlation map figure used by the said embodiment. 前記実施形態で、魚層内の温度変化によるＣＯ２蒸発量の変化を示す説明図である。In the embodiment, it is an explanatory diagram showing a change in the CO 2 evaporation due to temperature changes in the fish layers.

以下、本発明を図に示した実施形態を用いて詳細に説明する。但し、この実施形態に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対配置などは特に特定的な記載がない限り、この発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the component parts described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to that unless otherwise specified.

本発明装置の一実施形態を図１〜図３に基づいて説明する。図１において、漁船１の船体内部に凍結倉３及び保冷倉５が設けられている。凍結倉３及び保冷倉５は、夫々複数基ずつ設けられるが、図１では夫々１基のみを図示し、他を省略している。保冷倉５に隣接してＮＨ３／ＣＯ２二元式冷凍装置１０が設けられている。ＮＨ３冷媒が循環するＮＨ３循環路１２には、圧縮機１４、凝縮器１６、受液器１８、膨張弁２０及びカスケードコンデンサ２２からなる冷凍サイクル構成機器が設けられている。凝縮器１６には、船外から海水を導入する海水循環路１７が接続されている。凝縮器１６では、海水ポンプ１７ａによって汲み上げられた海水でＮＨ３を冷却している。 An embodiment of the device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1, a freezer 3 and a cold storage 5 are provided inside the hull of a fishing boat 1. A plurality of freezers 3 and coolers 5 are provided, but only one unit is shown in FIG. 1 and the others are omitted. An NH 3 / CO 2 binary refrigeration apparatus 10 is provided adjacent to the cold storage 5. The NH 3 circulation path 12 NH 3 refrigerant circulates, a compressor 14, a condenser 16, receiver 18, the refrigeration cycle component devices consisting of the expansion valve 20 and the cascade condenser 22 is provided. A seawater circulation path 17 for introducing seawater from the outside of the ship is connected to the condenser 16. In the condenser 16, to cool the NH 3 with seawater pumped up by the sea water pump 17a.

第１ＣＯ２循環路２４はＣＯ２がブラインとして循環し、ＣＯ２はカスケードコンデンサ２２でＮＨ３と熱交換して冷却される。第１ＣＯ２循環路２４にはＣＯ２受液器２６が設けられ、ＣＯ２受液器２６には第２ＣＯ２循環路２８が接続されている。第２ＣＯ２循環路２８は凍結倉３及び保冷倉５に設けられた冷却管と接続されている。第２ＣＯ２循環路２８の往路２８ａには液ポンプ３０が設けられ、ＣＯ２受液器２６のＣＯ２液は、液ポンプ３０によって前記冷却管に送られる。 The 1 CO 2 circulation path 24 CO 2 is circulated as brine, CO 2 is cooled by NH 3 and the heat exchanger in the cascade condenser 22. A CO 2 receiver 26 is provided in the first CO 2 circulation path 24, and a second CO 2 circulation path 28 is connected to the CO 2 receiver 26. The second CO 2 circulation path 28 is connected to the cooling pipes provided in the freezer 3 and the cold storage 5. A liquid pump 30 is provided in the forward path 28 a of the second CO 2 circulation path 28, and the CO 2 liquid in the CO 2 receiver 26 is sent to the cooling pipe by the liquid pump 30.

凍結倉３又は保冷倉５で漁獲物の冷凍又は保冷に供された後のＣＯ２気液二相流は、第２ブライン循環路２８の復路２８ｂを通ってＣＯ２受液器２６に戻る。ＣＯ２受液器２６に戻ったＣＯ２気液二相流のうちＣＯ２ガスは、第１ＣＯ２循環路２４を通ってカスケードコンデンサ２２に流れ、カスケードコンデンサ２２で冷却され、液化して再びＣＯ２受液器２６に戻る。 The CO 2 gas-liquid two-phase flow that has been subjected to the freezing or cold storage of the catch in the freezer 3 or the cold storage 5 returns to the CO 2 receiver 26 through the return path 28b of the second brine circulation path 28. CO 2 gas of CO 2 gas-liquid two-phase flow back to CO 2 receiver 26 flows into the cascade condenser 22 through the first 1 CO 2 circulation path 24, is cooled in the cascade condenser 22, the liquefied again CO 2 Return to the liquid receiver 26.

第２ＣＯ２循環路２８の往路２８ａは分岐し、夫々の分岐往路は凍結倉３及び保冷倉５に配設された冷却管に接続される。以下、凍結倉３又は凍結倉３の内部に配設され、漁獲物の凍結又は冷凍保管に供する配管を総称して「冷却管」と称する。凍結倉３に延設された分岐往路２９ａは、凍結倉３の内部一隅に設けられたヘッダー３２ａに接続されている。ヘッダー３２ａとの接続部より上流側の分岐往路２９ａには、流量調整弁３４とＣＯ２の温度を検出する温度センサー３６が設けられている。凍結倉３の内部他隅にヘッダー３２ｂがヘッダー３２ａと対面するように配置されている。 The forward path 28 a of the second CO 2 circulation path 28 is branched, and each branched forward path is connected to a cooling pipe disposed in the freezing warehouse 3 and the cold storage 5. Hereinafter, the pipes provided in the freezer 3 or in the freezer 3 and used for freezing or freezing storage of the catch are collectively referred to as “cooling pipes”. A branch forward path 29 a extending to the freezing warehouse 3 is connected to a header 32 a provided at one corner inside the freezing warehouse 3. A flow rate adjusting valve 34 and a temperature sensor 36 for detecting the temperature of CO 2 are provided on the branch forward path 29a upstream from the connection portion with the header 32a. A header 32b is disposed in the other corner of the freezer 3 so as to face the header 32a.

ヘッダー３２ａ及び３２ｂは凍結倉３内で上下方向に配置され、ヘッダー３２ａ、３２ｂ間で、多数の管棚３８（棚状に設けられ、ＣＯ２が流れる裸管で構成されている。）が水平方向に配置され、両ヘッダーに架設されている。各管棚３８には流量調整弁４０が介設されている。管棚３８には漁獲物を入れた多数のトレイ４２が載置される。凍結倉３内の上部空間には、エロフィンコイル４４が配置され、エロフィンコイル４４は、入口に流量調整弁４０が設けられ、ヘッダー３２ａ及び３２ｂ間に接続されている。 The headers 32a and 32b are arranged vertically in the freezer 3 and a large number of tube shelves 38 (made up of shelves and constituted of bare tubes through which CO 2 flows) are horizontal between the headers 32a and 32b. It is arranged in the direction and is built on both headers. Each pipe shelf 38 is provided with a flow rate adjusting valve 40. A large number of trays 42 containing fish catches are placed on the tube shelf 38. In the upper space in the freezer 3, an erotic fin coil 44 is arranged, and the erotic fin coil 44 is provided with a flow rate adjusting valve 40 at the inlet and connected between the headers 32 a and 32 b.

分岐往路２９ａからヘッダー３２ａに流入したＣＯ２液は、各管棚３８及びエロフィンコイル４４を矢印方向に流れ、凍結倉３内を−４０℃の設定凍結温度に冷却する。即ち、蒸発潜熱で凍結倉３内を冷却する。一部又は大部分が蒸発して気液二相流となったＣＯ２は、ヘッダー３２ｂに合流し、ヘッダー３２ｂから分岐復路２９ｂ及び復路２８ｂを経てＣＯ２受液器２６に戻る。凍結倉３の出口部の分岐復路２９ｂにＣＯ２の温度を検出する温度センサー４６が設けられ、凍結倉３内に凍結倉３内の雰囲気温度を検出する温度センサー４８が設けられている。 The CO 2 liquid that has flowed into the header 32a from the branch forward path 29a flows through the tube shelves 38 and the erotic fin coils 44 in the direction of the arrows, and cools the inside of the freezer 3 to a set freezing temperature of −40 ° C. That is, the inside of the freezer 3 is cooled by latent heat of evaporation. The CO 2 partly or mostly evaporated to form a gas-liquid two-phase flow joins the header 32b, and returns to the CO 2 receiver 26 from the header 32b via the branch return path 29b and the return path 28b. A temperature sensor 46 that detects the temperature of CO 2 is provided in the branch return path 29 b at the exit of the freeze shelf 3, and a temperature sensor 48 that detects the ambient temperature in the freeze shelf 3 is provided in the freeze shelf 3.

往路２８ａから分岐した分岐往路５０ａは、保冷倉５の内部に延設され、保冷倉５の内部で多数のヘアピンコイル５６に接続されている。ヘアピンコイル５６はエロフィンが設けられ、ヘアピンコイル５６は保冷倉５の天井、床や壁に配設されている。ヘアピンコイル５６より上流側の分岐往路５０ａには流量調整弁５２及びＣＯ２の温度を検出する温度センサー５４が設けられ、各ヘアピンコイル５６の入口には流量調整弁５８が設けられている。 A branch outgoing path 50 a branched from the outgoing path 28 a is extended inside the cold storage 5 and connected to a number of hairpin coils 56 inside the cold storage 5. The hairpin coil 56 is provided with erotic fins, and the hairpin coil 56 is disposed on the ceiling, floor or wall of the cool box 5. A flow control valve 52 and a temperature sensor 54 for detecting the temperature of CO 2 are provided on the branch outgoing path 50 a upstream from the hairpin coil 56, and a flow rate adjustment valve 58 is provided at the inlet of each hairpin coil 56.

分岐往路５０ａに流入したＣＯ２は、各ヘアピンコイル５６を通り、その後合流管６０に合流した後、分岐復路５０ｂに接続されている。保冷倉５内はＣＯ２の蒸発潜熱で冷却され、−３５℃の設定保冷温度に保たれる。冷却管内で一部が蒸発したＣＯ２気液混合流は、分岐復路５０ｂから復路２８ｂを通ってＣＯ２受液器２６に戻る。保冷倉５の出口部の分岐復路５０ｂにＣＯ２の温度を検出する温度センサー６４が設けられ、保冷倉５内に保冷倉５内の雰囲気温度を検出する温度センサー６６が設けられている。 The CO 2 that has flowed into the branch forward path 50a passes through each hairpin coil 56, and then merges with the merge pipe 60, and then is connected to the branch return path 50b. The inside of the cool box 5 is cooled by the latent heat of vaporization of CO 2 and is kept at a set cool temperature of −35 ° C. The CO 2 gas / liquid mixed flow partially evaporated in the cooling pipe returns to the CO 2 receiver 26 from the branch return path 50b through the return path 28b. A temperature sensor 64 that detects the temperature of CO 2 is provided in the branch return path 50 b at the outlet of the cool box 5, and a temperature sensor 66 that detects the ambient temperature in the cool box 5 is provided in the cool box 5.

流量調整弁３４及び５２は、オンオフ式の電磁弁で構成されている。流量調整弁３４及び５４は、ＰＷＭ（パルス幅変調）という間欠式な開閉制御を行い、開動作時間又は閉動作時間を調整することで、ＣＯ２供給量を調整可能に構成されている。液ポンプ３０の流側往路２８ａにはＣＯ２圧力を検出する圧力センサー６８が設けられている。 The flow rate adjusting valves 34 and 52 are constituted by on-off type electromagnetic valves. The flow rate adjusting valves 34 and 54 are configured to be capable of adjusting the CO 2 supply amount by performing intermittent opening / closing control called PWM (pulse width modulation) and adjusting the opening operation time or the closing operation time. A pressure sensor 68 that detects the CO 2 pressure is provided in the flow-side outward path 28 a of the liquid pump 30.

第１ＣＯ２循環路２４には、第１ＣＯ２循環路２４から分岐し、ＣＯ２受液器２６に接続された分岐循環路７０が設けられている。分岐部の第１ＣＯ２循環路２４又は分岐循環路７０に、ＣＯ２を第１ＣＯ２循環路２４又は分岐循環路７０に切替え可能に流入させる開閉弁７２及び７４が設けられている。分岐循環路７０にはプレート式熱交換器７６が設けられている。冷凍装置１０に隣接して自家発電機８０が設けられている。自家発電機８０の出力軸は切替器８２を介して小型冷凍機８６に接続され、切替器８２にはコード線８４を介して陸上の電源装置（図示省略）が接続されている。切替器８２によって、小型冷凍機８６を自家発電機８０又は陸上の電源装置によって切替え可能に駆動できる。小型冷凍機８６は、例えば１〜３ｋｗ程度の能力でよい。 The first 1 CO 2 circulation path 24 branches from the 1 CO 2 circulation path 24, CO 2 receiver 26 branch circulation path 70 connected to is provided. To a 1 CO 2 circulation passage 24 or the branch circulation path 70 branches off valve 72 and 74 to allow flow into switch between CO 2 to the 1 CO 2 circulation passage 24 or the branch circulation path 70 is provided. The branch circuit 70 is provided with a plate heat exchanger 76. A private power generator 80 is provided adjacent to the refrigeration apparatus 10. The output shaft of the private generator 80 is connected to a small refrigerator 86 via a switch 82, and a land power supply (not shown) is connected to the switch 82 via a cord 84. By the switch 82, the small refrigerator 86 can be driven to be switched by the private generator 80 or the on-shore power supply device. The small refrigerator 86 may have a capacity of about 1 to 3 kw, for example.

図２は、冷凍装置１０の運転を制御する制御系を示す。図２は、保冷倉５のみを代表して図示しており、凍結倉３を省略している。ヘアピンコイル５６内では、ＣＯ２液ｒが徐々に蒸発してＣＯ２ガスｇに変わる。制御装置９０は、メモリ９２と、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５の冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定するＣＯ２残液量判定部９４とを備えている。制御装置９０には、温度センサー３６、４６，４８、５４、６４、６６及び圧力センサー６８の検出値が入力される。 FIG. 2 shows a control system that controls the operation of the refrigeration apparatus 10. FIG. 2 shows only the cooler 5 as a representative, and the freezer 3 is omitted. In the hairpin coil 56, the CO 2 liquid r gradually evaporates and changes to CO 2 gas g. Controller 90, a memory 92, and a CO 2 remaining liquid amount determining unit 94 determines CO 2 residual liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet of the freezing warehouse 3 and cold warehouse 5. Detection values of the temperature sensors 36, 46, 48, 54, 64, 66 and the pressure sensor 68 are input to the control device 90.

また、図３に示す相関マップが予め作成され、この相関マップが制御装置９０のメモリ９２に予め記憶されている。この相関マップの横軸は凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の設定冷却温度Ｔｓと温度センサー４８又は６４の検出値Ｔｃとの差分ΔＴ（＝Ｔｃ−Ｔｓ）であり、縦軸は凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量である。図中、例えば、曲線Ａが凍結倉３の相関マップであり、曲線Ｂが保冷倉５の相関マップである。 3 is created in advance, and this correlation map is stored in advance in the memory 92 of the control device 90. The horizontal axis of this correlation map is the difference ΔT (= Tc−Ts) between the set cooling temperature Ts of the freezer 3 or the cooler 5 and the detected value Tc of the temperature sensor 48 or 64, and the vertical axis is the freezer 3 or the cooler. This is the amount of CO 2 remaining liquid at the outlet of the cooling pipe of the storage 5. In the figure, for example, the curve A is a correlation map of the freezer 3 and the curve B is a correlation map of the cold storage 5.

図４に示すように、凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の検出温度Ｔｃが設定冷却温度Ｔｓに近づくと、凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の冷却管出口部のＣＯ２蒸発量は低減する。この関係から、凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の設定冷却温度Ｔｓと実際の検出温度Ｔｃとの差分ΔＴと、出口側冷却管のＣＯ２残液量とはある種の相関がある。この相関マップは、過去の実験値から差分ΔＴと冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量との相関関係を求めたものである。 As shown in FIG. 4, when the detected temperature Tc of the freezer 3 or the cooler 5 approaches the set cooling temperature Ts, the amount of CO 2 evaporated at the outlet of the cooling pipe of the freezer 3 or the cooler 5 decreases. From this relationship, there is a certain correlation between the difference ΔT between the set cooling temperature Ts of the freezer 3 or the cooler 5 and the actual detected temperature Tc and the amount of CO 2 remaining liquid in the outlet side cooling pipe. This correlation map is obtained by calculating the correlation between the difference ΔT and the CO 2 residual liquid amount at the outlet of the cooling pipe from past experimental values.

かかる構成において、海上において冷凍装置１０の稼働中には、冷却されたＣＯ２液が液ポンプ３０によって凍結倉３及び保冷倉５に送られ、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５を設定温度に冷却する。このとき、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５に配設された冷却管内のＣＯ２は、気液混合状態のときは温度が変化しないので、凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の冷却管の上流側と下流側とで温度差は生じない。冷却管出口部でＣＯ２液がなくなり、過熱状態になると、ＣＯ２の温度は上昇するので、冷却管の入口側温度Ｔ１と出口側温度Ｔ２とで温度差が発生する。従って、ＣＯ２残液量判定部９４で、温度センサー３６（又は５４）と温度センサー４６（又は６４）の検出値の差から、凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の冷却管出口におけるＣＯ２残液量を判定する。 In such a configuration, during operation of the refrigeration apparatus 10 at sea, the cooled CO 2 liquid is sent to the freezer 3 and the cooler 5 by the liquid pump 30, and the freezer 3 and the cooler 5 are cooled to a set temperature. . At this time, since the temperature of the CO 2 in the cooling pipes arranged in the freezer 3 and the cold storage 5 does not change in the gas-liquid mixed state, the upstream side and the downstream of the freezing warehouse 3 or the cold storage 5 in the cooling pipe. There is no temperature difference between the two sides. When the CO 2 liquid disappears at the outlet of the cooling pipe and becomes overheated, the temperature of the CO 2 rises, so that a temperature difference occurs between the inlet side temperature T 1 and the outlet side temperature T 2 of the cooling pipe. Therefore, the CO 2 residual liquid amount determination unit 94 determines the residual CO 2 liquid at the outlet of the cooling pipe of the freezer 3 or the cold storage 5 from the difference between the detected values of the temperature sensor 36 (or 54) and the temperature sensor 46 (or 64). Determine the amount.

即ち、魚倉内温度が低下し、設定冷却温度Ｔｓに近づいたら、冷却管出口部でＣＯ２残液が生じるので、Ｔ１とＴ２との差はなくなる。そこで、例えば、（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）が＋５℃になるまで魚倉内を冷却したら、「ＣＯ２残液あり」と判定し、流量調整弁３４（又は５２）を閉じる。（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）が＋５℃を超えたら、ＣＯ２残液量判定部９４で「ＣＯ２残液なし」と判定し、制御装置９０で流量調整弁３４（又は５２）を開放する。 That is, when the temperature in the fishhouse is lowered and approaches the set cooling temperature Ts, a CO 2 residual liquid is generated at the outlet of the cooling pipe, so that there is no difference between T 1 and T 2 . Therefore, for example, if the inside of the fishhouse is cooled until (T 2 −T 1 ) reaches + 5 ° C., it is determined that “CO 2 residual liquid is present”, and the flow rate adjustment valve 34 (or 52) is closed. When (T 2 −T 1 ) exceeds + 5 ° C., the CO 2 residual liquid amount determination unit 94 determines “no CO 2 residual liquid”, and the control device 90 opens the flow rate adjustment valve 34 (or 52).

また、ＣＯ２残液量判定部９４は、凍結倉３又は保冷倉５の設定冷却温度Ｔｓと温度センサー４８（又は６６）の検出値Ｔｃとの差分ΔＴと、メモリ９２に記憶された相関マップから、冷却管出口部におけるＣＯ２残液量を判定する。これら２つの判定方法を併用して、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５の冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定する。こうして判定したＣＯ２残液量に基づいて、制御装置９０は流量調整弁３４及び５２の開閉動作を制御する。 In addition, the CO 2 residual liquid amount determination unit 94 determines the difference ΔT between the set cooling temperature Ts of the freezer 3 or the cooler 5 and the detected value Tc of the temperature sensor 48 (or 66), and the correlation map stored in the memory 92. From this, the amount of residual CO 2 liquid at the outlet of the cooling pipe is determined. By using these two determination methods in combination, the amount of CO 2 remaining liquid at the outlets of the cooling pipes of the freezer 3 and the cold storage 5 is determined. Based on the CO 2 remaining liquid amount thus determined, the control device 90 controls the opening / closing operation of the flow rate adjusting valves 34 and 52.

流量調整弁３４又は５２の開度を減少させ、ＣＯ２液の流量を低減したとき、液ポンプ３０の吐出側ＣＯ２圧が急上昇するおそれがある。そのため、制御装置９０は、圧力センサー６８の検出値が閾値を超えたら、液ポンプ３０の回転数を減少させ、液ポンプ３０の吐出側ＣＯ２圧力を設定値に戻すようにする。 When the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 34 or 52 is decreased and the flow rate of the CO 2 liquid is reduced, the discharge-side CO 2 pressure of the liquid pump 30 may increase rapidly. Therefore, when the detection value of the pressure sensor 68 exceeds the threshold value, the control device 90 decreases the rotation speed of the liquid pump 30 and returns the discharge-side CO 2 pressure of the liquid pump 30 to the set value.

漁船１が停泊中又は入渠中のとき、漁獲物は陸揚げされ、冷凍装置１０の稼働は停止する。そして、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５の冷却管内のＣＯ２液はＣＯ２受液器２６に回収される。この状態でＣＯ２受液器２６に外部熱が侵入すると、ＣＯ２受液器内ＣＯ２液の一部が気化し、ＣＯ２受液器内及び配管系のＣＯ２圧力が上昇するおそれがある。そこで、自家発電機８０又は陸上の電源装置によって小型冷凍機８６を稼働する。また、制御装置９０によって開閉弁７２、７４の開閉を切り替え、ＣＯ２受液器２６内のＣＯ２ガスを分岐循環路７０に循環させる。分岐循環路７０を循環するＣＯ２ガスは、プレート式熱交換器７６によって冷却され液化し、ＣＯ２受液器２６に戻る。 When the fishing boat 1 is anchored or anchored, the catch is landed and the operation of the refrigeration apparatus 10 is stopped. Then, the CO 2 liquid in the cooling pipes of the freezer 3 and the cold storage 5 is collected in the CO 2 receiver 26. When external heat from entering the CO 2 receiver 26 in this state, a possibility that is partially vaporized CO 2 receiver in CO 2 fluid, CO 2 receiver within and CO 2 pressure of the piping system rises is there. Therefore, the small refrigerator 86 is operated by the private generator 80 or the on-shore power supply device. The switching-off of the switching valves 72, 74 by the control device 90, circulating CO 2 gas in the CO 2 receiver 26 in the branch circulation path 70. The CO 2 gas circulating through the branch circuit 70 is cooled and liquefied by the plate heat exchanger 76 and returns to the CO 2 receiver 26.

本実施形態によれば、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５の冷却管のＣＯ２残液量をＣＯ２残液量判定部９４によって判定し、ＣＯ２残液量が少なくなるように流量調整弁３４又は５２の開度を調整しているので、冷凍装置１０のＣＯ２必要量を低減できる。そのため、ＣＯ２受液器２６を小型化できると共に、ＣＯ２配管系を簡素化でき、設置スペースが狭い漁船への冷凍装置１０の設置を容易にする。従来、保冷倉５のヘアピンコイル５６に、通常、呼び径３２Ａのヘアピンコイルを用いていた。本実施形態では、呼び径２０Ａのエロフィン付きヘアピンコイル５６を用いることで、冷却効果を低下させずに、ＣＯ２必要量をさらに低減できる。
According to this embodiment, freezing warehouse 3 and the CO 2 residual liquid of the cooling tube of cold warehouse 5 determined by CO 2 residual liquid amount determining unit 94, flow rate as CO 2 remaining liquid amount becomes small adjustment valve 34 or since the adjusted 52 opening of the can reduce CO 2 required amount of the refrigeration apparatus 10. Therefore, the CO 2 receiver 26 can be reduced in size, the CO 2 piping system can be simplified, and the refrigeration apparatus 10 can be easily installed on a fishing boat having a small installation space. Conventionally, a hairpin coil having a nominal diameter of 32A is normally used for the hairpin coil 56 of the cool box 5. In the present embodiment, the required amount of CO 2 can be further reduced without reducing the cooling effect by using the hairpin coil 56 having the nominal diameter of 20A and having the erotic fins.

また、液ポンプ３０の吐出側ＣＯ２圧力を監視し、液ポンプ３０の回転数を調整可能にしているので、流量調整弁３４又は５２の閉動作時に生じる異常昇圧を防止でき、液ポンプ３０の吐出側ＣＯ２圧力を常に設定値に保持できる。 Further, since the discharge side CO 2 pressure of the liquid pump 30 is monitored and the rotation speed of the liquid pump 30 can be adjusted, abnormal pressure increase that occurs when the flow rate adjusting valve 34 or 52 is closed can be prevented. The discharge side CO 2 pressure can always be kept at the set value.

また、冷却管の上流側及び下流側のＣＯ２温度の温度差（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）によるＣＯ２残液量の判定方法と、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５内の設定冷却温度Ｔｓと実際の検出温度Ｔｃとの差分ΔＴに基づく判定方法とを併用しているので、冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残留量を正確に判定できる。 Further, actual and determination method of the upstream and CO 2 temperature temperature difference of the downstream by (T 2 -T 1) CO 2 residual liquid amount of the cooling pipe, a set cooling temperature Ts of the freezing warehouse 3 and the cold warehouse 5 Since the determination method based on the difference ΔT with respect to the detected temperature Tc is used in combination, the residual amount of CO 2 at the outlet of the cooling pipe can be accurately determined.

また、漁船１の停泊中又は入渠中等、冷凍装置１０が稼働していない時に、自家発電機８０又は陸上の電源装置によって小型冷凍機８６を稼働させ、ＣＯ２受液器２６中のＣＯ２ガスを冷却液化しているので、ＣＯ２受液器２６内及び配管系のＣＯ２ガスの高圧化を防止できる。また、ＣＯ２に冷却に熱交換効率が優れたプレート式熱交換器７６を用いているので、ＣＯ２の冷却効率を向上できる。 Further, anchored in or docking secondary vessels 1, when refrigeration system 10 is not running, and running a small refrigerator 86 by private power generator 80 or land power supply, CO 2 gas in the CO 2 receiver 26 Since the gas is cooled and liquefied, the high pressure of the CO 2 gas in the CO 2 receiver 26 and the piping system can be prevented. Further, since the heat exchange efficiency is used better plate heat exchanger 76 to cool the CO 2, it can improve the cooling efficiency of the CO 2.

なお、本実施形態では、冷却管の上流側及び下流側のＣＯ２温度の温度差（Ｔ２−Ｔ１）によるＣＯ２残液量の判定方法と、凍結倉３及び保冷倉５内の設定冷却温度Ｔｓと実際の検出温度Ｔｃとの差分ΔＴに基づく判定方法とを併用しているが、どちらか一方の判定方法のみで判定するようにしてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the method for determining the amount of residual CO 2 liquid based on the temperature difference (T 2 −T 1 ) between the CO 2 temperatures on the upstream side and the downstream side of the cooling pipe, and the setting in the freezer 3 and the cold storage 5 Although the determination method based on the difference ΔT between the cooling temperature Ts and the actual detection temperature Tc is used in combination, the determination may be made using only one of the determination methods.

本発明によれば、非稼働時にＣＯ２の圧力上昇を防止可能で、省スペース化が可能な漁船用ＮＨ３／ＣＯ２二元式冷凍装置を実現できる。 According to the present invention, it can prevent the pressure rise in the CO 2 during non-operation can be realized NH 3 / CO 2 two yuan refrigerating apparatus for which space can be saved vessels.

１ 漁船
３ 凍結倉
５ 保冷倉
１０ ＮＨ３／ＣＯ２二元式冷凍装置
１２ ＮＨ３循環路
１４ 圧縮機
１６ 凝縮器
１７ 海水循環路
１７ａ 海水ポンプ
１８ 受液器
２６ ＣＯ２受液器
２０ 膨張弁
２２ カスケードコンデンサ
２４ 第１ＣＯ２循環路
２８ 第２ＣＯ２循環路
２８ａ 往路
２８ｂ 復路
２９ａ、５０ａ 分岐往路
２９ｂ、５０ｂ 分岐復路
３０ 液ポンプ
３０ａ 駆動モータ
３０ｂ インバータ装置
３２ａ、３２ｂ ヘッダー
３４、５２、４０，５８ 流量調整弁
３６、４６，４８、５４、６４、６６ 温度センサー
３８ 管棚
４２ トレイ
４４ エロフィンコイル
５６ ヘアピンコイル
６０ 合流管
６８ 圧力センサー
７０ 分岐循環路
７２、７４ 開閉弁
７６ プレート式熱交換器
８０ 自家発電機
８２ 切替器
８４ コード線
８６ 小型冷凍機
９０ 制御装置
９２ メモリ
９４ ＣＯ２残液量判定部
ｒ ＣＯ２液
ｇ ＣＯ２ガス 1 fishing boat 3 freeze Kura 5 refrigerated hold 10 NH 3 / CO 2 two yuan refrigerating device 12 NH 3 circulation path 14 compressor 16 condenser 17 seawater circulation path 17a seawater pump 18 liquid receiver 26 CO 2 receiver 20 expansion valve 22 cascade condenser 24 second 1 CO 2 circulation path 28 first 2CO 2 circulation path 28a outward 28b backward 29a, 50a branch forward 29 b, backward 50b branch 30 pump 30a driven motor 30b inverter device 32a, 32b headers 34,52,40,58 flow Regulating valve 36, 46, 48, 54, 64, 66 Temperature sensor 38 Tube shelf 42 Tray 44 Elofin coil 56 Hairpin coil 60 Junction pipe 68 Pressure sensor 70 Branch circuit 72, 74 On-off valve 76 Plate heat exchanger 80 Private Generator 82 Switch 84 Code line 86 Compact cold Refrigerator 90 Control device 92 Memory 94 CO 2 residual liquid amount determination unit r CO 2 liquid g CO 2 gas

Claims (3)

ＮＨ３を冷媒とし冷凍サイクル構成機器が設けられたＮＨ３循環路と、
ＣＯ２が循環し、該ＮＨ３循環路とカスケードコンデンサを介して接続された第１ＣＯ２循環路と、
該第１ＣＯ２循環路に設けられたＣＯ２受液器と、
該ＣＯ２受液器と魚倉に設けられた冷却管との間に接続された第２ＣＯ２循環路と、
該第２ＣＯ２循環路に設けられ、前記ＣＯ２受液器のＣＯ２液を冷却管に送る液ポンプと、
前記冷却管の上流側で第２ＣＯ２循環路に設けられた流量調整弁と、
前記冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定するＣＯ２残液量判定手段と、
該ＣＯ２残液量判定手段の判定結果に基づいて前記流量調整弁の開度を制御する制御装置と、
前記第１ＣＯ２循環路に接続された予備ＣＯ２循環路と、
該予備ＣＯ２循環路を流れるＣＯ２を冷却する予備冷凍装置と、
前記予備冷凍装置を駆動する自家発電機と、
前記予備冷凍装置と該自家発電機又は陸上電源装置とを切替え接続可能にする切換器とを備え、
前記ＣＯ ２ 残液量判定手段は、
前記魚倉の内部温度を検出する温度センサーと、
前記制御装置に記憶され、魚倉の設定冷却温度と前記温度センサーの検出値との差分と、前記冷却管出口部のＣＯ ２ 残液量との相関を示す相関マップと、
前記差分及び前記相関マップから冷却管出口部のＣＯ ２ 残液量を判定する判定部とで構成されていることを特徴とする漁船用冷凍装置。 And NH 3 circulating path refrigeration cycle component devices as the refrigerant is provided NH 3, and
CO 2 is circulated, and the 1 CO 2 circulation path connected via the NH 3 circulation path and the cascade condenser,
A CO 2 receiver provided in the first CO 2 circulation path;
A first 2CO 2 circulation path connected between the cooling tube provided in the CO 2 receiver and Sakanakura,
A liquid pump that is provided in the second CO 2 circulation path and sends the CO 2 liquid of the CO 2 receiver to a cooling pipe;
A flow rate adjustment valve provided in the second CO 2 circulation path upstream of the cooling pipe;
And CO 2 residual liquid amount determining means for determining CO 2 residual liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet,
A control device for controlling the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve based on the determination result of the CO 2 residual liquid amount determination means;
And preliminary CO 2 circulation path connected to the first 1 CO 2 circulation path,
A preliminary refrigeration apparatus for cooling CO 2 flowing through the preliminary CO 2 circulation path;
A private generator that drives the preliminary refrigeration device;
A switch that enables switching connection between the preliminary refrigeration apparatus and the private generator or onshore power supply ,
The CO 2 residual liquid amount determination means includes:
A temperature sensor for detecting the internal temperature of the fishhouse;
A correlation map stored in the control device and indicating a correlation between a difference between a set cooling temperature of a fishhouse and a detected value of the temperature sensor, and a CO 2 residual liquid amount at the outlet of the cooling pipe ;
A fishing boat refrigeration apparatus comprising: a determination unit that determines a CO 2 residual liquid amount at a cooling pipe outlet from the difference and the correlation map . 前記液ポンプの吐出側ＣＯ２圧力を検出する圧力センサーを備え、
前記制御装置は、該圧力センサーの検出値に基づいて前記液ポンプの吐出量を制御し、前記液ポンプの吐出側ＣＯ２圧力を設定値に維持するものであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の漁船用冷凍装置。 A pressure sensor for detecting the discharge-side CO 2 pressure of the liquid pump;
The control device controls a discharge amount of the liquid pump based on a detection value of the pressure sensor, and maintains a discharge-side CO 2 pressure of the liquid pump at a set value. The refrigeration equipment for fishing boats described in 1. 前記ＣＯ２残液量判定手段は、
前記流量調整弁の出口側及び前記魚倉出口側冷却管に夫々設けられた温度センサーと、
該２つの温度センサーの検出値の差から前記冷却管出口部のＣＯ２残液量を判定する判定部とで構成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の漁船用冷凍装置。

The CO 2 residual liquid amount determination means includes:
Temperature sensors respectively provided on the outlet side of the flow rate adjustment valve and the fishhouse outlet side cooling pipe,
Fishing refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is constituted by the determination unit from the difference between the detected values of CO 2 residual liquid amount of the cooling-pipe outlet of the two temperature sensors.

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CN201210269945.4A CN103105014B (en) 2011-11-10 2012-07-31 Refrigeration system for use in ship
TW101135404A TWI539127B (en) 2011-11-10 2012-09-26 Fishing equipment for fishing vessels
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