JP5863064B2 - 本発明の限局性組織疾患または欠陥領域のためのパッチ抽出薬 - Google Patents
本発明の限局性組織疾患または欠陥領域のためのパッチ抽出薬 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5863064B2 JP5863064B2 JP2013546196A JP2013546196A JP5863064B2 JP 5863064 B2 JP5863064 B2 JP 5863064B2 JP 2013546196 A JP2013546196 A JP 2013546196A JP 2013546196 A JP2013546196 A JP 2013546196A JP 5863064 B2 JP5863064 B2 JP 5863064B2
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Description
不整脈は心拍の速度またはリズムについての障害である。心房細動(AF)は不整脈で最も一般のタイプである。原因は心臓の電気システムの障害である。
治療は12ヵ月の間、又はAFが再発されるまで続けられた。高用量のアトルバスタチンがCVの後のAFの再発を減らさなかったと結論付けた。それは、全身の酸化性ストレスに影響を及ぼすことなく、炎症の選択的なマーカーを減らした。AFの再発を防止するためのアトルバスタチンの失敗は、酸化性ストレスに影響を及ぼすことに関するその失敗によるかもしれない。
手術後の期間には、サンプル中42人の患者(39%)に心房細動が存在した(この中には、手術前に定期的にスタチンが使用された11人の患者(26%)及び何もされなかった31人の患者(74%)が含まれる。)。手術前の期間の六ヶ月以上の間、スタチンの定期的な使用が、選択的な心臓手術の後の心房細動の発生率を減らすと結論された。
A. HMG CoAの還元酵素阻害剤
スタチン又はHMG-CoA還元酵素阻害剤が、肝臓中のコレステロールの生成において中心的な役割を果たす酵素、HMG-CoA還元酵素を阻害することによりコレステロール値を下げるために使用される薬剤のクラスのものである。増加したコレステロールレベルは、心血管疾患(CVD)に関連しているとされており、スタチンは従って、こうした疾患の予防に使用されている。
VYTORIN(商標)として市販されたエゼチミブ/シンバスタチンなどの他の薬剤とスタチンとの組み合わせもまた、使用できる。
好適な実施例では、心膜再生および癒着防止のために使用される細胞外マトリックス材料(“ECM”)から形成された、FDA承認の心臓パッチから阻害剤が投与される。これらのパッチは心臓手術後の薬物を局所的に送達するために使用される。薬理学的レベルをもつスタチンをECMパッチに組み込むことができ、次いで、スタチンは、体内で経時的に放出される。
他の生物活性材料もまた、この技術を用いて送達することができる。例えば、血管上皮増殖因子がミヤギ等(2010年)によって報告されている。他の材料としては、例えば、幹細胞、筋芽細胞又はB細胞のような細胞、好適には、自己のものであってもよい。
A.治療すべき疾患
術後の心房細動は、心臓手術に続く最も一般的な不整脈合併症である(様々な心臓の手順を受けた患者の内で31.9%から63.66%の間の患者に発生)(Auer等、2005年;Creswell等、1993年; Echahidi等、2008年参照)。術後のAFの患者では、低血圧、うっ血性心不全、脳血管障害の事故といった血栓塞栓イベントのリスクが著しく増加し、術後永久ペースメーカー又は埋め込み型除細動器の移植の必要性が著しく増加する。
好適実施形態において、薬剤は、マトリックスを形成する材料と混合され、形成されたマトリックスは投与される。これは、典型的には手術の間、注入時に、治療すべき組織に縫合されている細胞外マトリックス材料マトリックスとポリマーメッシュのような材料に対しては好ましい方法である。また、例えば、フィブリノゲンマトリックスの場合には、薬剤がフィブリノゲンと混合され、トロンビンが添加され、重合混合物は、心臓組織に適用される。
セリバスタチンが取り込まれたECMパッチの体外効率
セリバスタチンが所望の放出速度となるECMパッチがヒト組織工学で調製された。予備研究で、セリバスタチンがECMパッチに組み込むことができることが実証された。取り込み(loading)条件及び放出速度の研究が、セリバスタチンの放出速度が正常に抗炎症作用を生じる薬物濃度を達成するように最適化することができることを示している。次に体外研究のために薬剤が取り込まれたパッチを均一に製造するための最適条件を決定するために研究が行われた。
ヒト組織工学での心膜修復パッチの調製:
ECMパッチからセリバスタチン放出の速度の決定:
パッチ内へのセリバスタチンの取り込みは、酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)内の異なる濃度をもつセリバスタチについて、25℃24時間インキュベーションを行うことにより、実行された。パッチは、その後、新たなPBSで3回洗浄された。次に、セリバスタチン放出の速度は、0.5mlのPBSについて、25℃でインキュベーションを行うことにより決定された。上清は、4時間、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10、14日目に回収さら、新たなPBSが補充された。上清中のセリバスタチンの量は、HPLCを用いて決定された。全ての実験はトリプリケート(三度)で実施された。
セリバスタチンはRESTEK社製のC18超水性分析カラム(250mm×4.6mm、5μm)で分離することによって測定された。移動相は、900%がアセトニトリルで10%が水の混合物で、1ml/minの流速をもつ。セリバスタチンは、220nmの分光光度法で検出された。
THP−1細胞が12ウェル トランスウェルプレートに6×105細胞/mlで播種された。細胞は、セリバスタチン、パッチ単独またはセリバスタチンを取り込んだパッチで1時間前処理し、24時間200ng/mlLPSで処理された。上清がELISAのために採取された。細胞は、RNA抽出および定量PCRのために使用された。
市販の酵素リンク免疫吸着剤分析(ELISA)キット(R&Dシステム)が製造業者のプロトコルに従って、無細胞上清中のMCP−1レベルを定量化するために使用された。450nm及び570nm(基準波長)の吸光度がマイクロプレートリーダー(Synergy2、Biotek社)を使用して観測された。全ての実験はトリプリケート(三度)で実施された。
全RNAは、製造元の指示に従ってRNeasyKit(Qiagen社、カリフォルニア州バレンシア)を用いて抽出された。RNA PCRキット(AMV)のバージョン2.1を使用して逆転写(RT)した後、PCRがABI Prism7500配列検出システム(Applied Biosystems社、カリフォルニア州フォスターシティ)及びQuantiTect SYBR Greem PCR Master Mix(Qiagen社、カリフォルニア州バレンシア)を使用し実施された。すべての反応は三トリプリケート(三度)で実施され、全RNA抽出物のうち、特定の遺伝子のmRNAコピー数が算出された。全てのデータは、三重のウェルの平均値+/−標準偏差として表された。
有効な放出となる所望のレベルを達成するために、さまざまな量のセリバスタチンをECMパッチに取り込むことができる。薬物放出は最初の4日間、15−20μgで、次の10日間にわたって、ゆっくりと放出された。
AFの犬モデルにおける、セリバスタチンが溶出する組織工学パッチの体外有効性の決定
例1に示された放出速度は、約一週間セリバスタチンの生物学的効果を奏すべく、セリバスタチンの組織のレベルを生成するのに適している。AFの大半が冠動脈バイパスグラフト("CABG")後2−3日で発生するので、パッチは理想的な局所薬物治療を提供する。心膜炎の犬のモデルは、以前、全身送達されたスタチンの有効性をテストするために使用されていた。
例えば、Nattell等(Prog Biophys Mol Biol. vol.98(2−3):328−39(2008));オクムラ等(J Am Coll Cardiol vol.17(2):509−18(1991));Page等(J Am Coll Cardiol vol.8(4):872−9(1986))を参照。
Claims (7)
- 所定量のスタチンを含む細胞外マトリックス材料からなるデバイスであって、全身的レベルを形成することなく心房細動を治療するために心臓組織へ前記スタチンを局所送達し適用するデバイス。
- 前記スタチンが、アトルバスタチン、フルバスタチン、ロバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、プラバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、シンバスタチン、セリバスタチン、およびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスがスプレーとして適用される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記デバイスが、前記心臓組織に接着し、前記スタチンを送達する生体接着剤として適用される、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- さらに、1つ以上の他の治療薬または予防薬を含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記心臓組織に縫合することができる形態をもつ、請求項1記載のデバイス。
- デバイスが別の基板上のコーティング又は層である、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
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