JP5795007B2 - 太陽反射率 - Google Patents
太陽反射率 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5795007B2 JP5795007B2 JP2012553405A JP2012553405A JP5795007B2 JP 5795007 B2 JP5795007 B2 JP 5795007B2 JP 2012553405 A JP2012553405 A JP 2012553405A JP 2012553405 A JP2012553405 A JP 2012553405A JP 5795007 B2 JP5795007 B2 JP 5795007B2
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Description
この開示は、一般的には、高い太陽反射率を与える着色された太陽反射性成分系(solar reflective systems)およびそのような着色されたシステムの種々の使用に関する。
エネルギー効率を改良するために新しい技術が絶えず開発されつつある。1つのそのような技術は建物の(または他の対象の)外部上に位置されたコーティング中の赤外線反射性顔料の使用である。知られているように、太陽はそのエネルギーの約50%を近赤外線として出す。この近赤外線が吸収される時に、それは物理的に熱に転換される。赤外線反射性顔料を含有するコーティングは日光を反射させることによりそして熱の移動を遮断してそれにより建物に対する熱負荷を減ずることにより作用する。例えば、二酸化チタンの如き白色顔料が太陽のエネルギーの大部分を反射するためにコーティング中で使用されている。しばしば、美的理由のために白色の代わりに着色されたコーティングを提供することが望まれる。しかしながら、使用可能な顔料の選択は制限されており、その理由はそれらが望まれるものより多い太陽のエネルギーを吸収して上記の効果における顕著な減少をもたらす傾向があるからである。それ故、改良された太陽反射率を有する着色されたコーティングを提供するために種々の成分系が試みられそして続けられている。
本発明は、ベヒクル中に分散された、実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして約0.55μm〜約0.95μmの間の平均粒子寸法を有する第一粒子物質を含んでなる第一層並びにベヒクル中に分散された実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして約1.0μm〜約1.6μmの間の平均粒子寸法を有する第二粒子物質および着色剤を含んでなる第二層を含む積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系を提供する。積層された彩色太陽反射性成分系は構造体上に適用されて濃くて強い色並びに増加した合計太陽反射率を与えうる。
この明細書および以下の特許請求の範囲においては、以下の意味を有すると解釈される多くの用語に言及する。
内、の平均粒子寸法を有する。そのような二酸化チタンは近赤外線を異常に高いレベルで反射することが驚くべきことに見出された。
(a)より高い温度、例えば、900℃もしくはそれ以上、における処理、
(b)より長い期間の時間、例えば、5時間もしくはそれ以上、にわたる処理、
(c)方法において存在する成長調節剤の典型的なレベルの増加または減少、および
(d)ルチル種の典型的なレベルの減少。
(i)チタンを含む供給原料を硫酸と反応させて固体の水溶性反応ケーキを形成し、
(ii)反応ケーキを水および/または弱酸の中に溶解して硫酸チタン溶液を製造し、
(iii)硫酸チタン溶液を加水分解して硫酸チタンを二酸化チタン水和物に転化し、そして
(iv)沈殿した二酸化チタンを溶液から分離しそしてカ焼して二酸化チタンを得る
ことを包含し、ここでこの方法は所望する粒子寸法を得るために必要な上記の条件(a)−(d)の1つもしくはそれ以上により改変される。1つの態様ではこの方法は条件(a)により改変され、他のものではこの方法は条件(b)により改変され、他のものではこの方法は条件(c)により改変され、そして他のものではこの方法は条件(d)により改変される。
、第一層中の二酸化チタンは95より大きい明度値L*(CIE L*a*b*色空間)、5より小さいa*値および5より小さいb*値を有する。
系樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、フルオロ重合体またはエポキシ樹脂を包含しうるが、それらに限定されない。
to)置かれる。第二層はベヒクル中に分散された、実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして約1.0μm〜約1.6μmの範囲内の、好ましくは約1.2μm〜約1.4μmの範囲内の、平均粒子寸法を有する第二粒子物質および着色剤を含む。
ルプロパン、ペンタエリトリトール、トリエタノールアミン、n−オクチルホスホン酸またはトリメチロールエタンでありうる。
加層の中を透過する。例えば、1つの態様では積層された成分系はコーティング組成物から形成される第三層、例えばクリアコートコーティング組成物、を含有しうる。クリアコートコーティング組成物は第二層の少なくとも一部の上に適用されてクリアコート層を形成する。クリアコートコーティング組成物は溶媒由来ベース、水由来ベースまたは粉末ベースであってよく、そして、アクリル系、メラミン、ポリエステル、カーボネート類、シラン類、カルバメート類、イソシアネート類、および/またはポリウレタン類並びにそれらの混合物を包含しうる。
提供する。それ故、他の態様では、積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系は30%より大きい合計太陽反射率を有する。さらに他の態様では、積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系は35%より大きい、好ましくは40%より大きい、そしてさらに好ましくは45%より大きい、合計太陽反射率を有する。
実施例1A 白色30%容量濃度二酸化チタンプライマー塗料の製造および基質への適用。
アクリル系樹脂、架橋結合剤および溶媒を用いて透明な樹脂溶液を製造した。各成分の量は以下の表1に指定されている。
指定された顔料(PY180クラリアント・ファスト・イエローHG、PR122 HPC PR1220、PV23チバ・クロモフタル・バイオレットGt、PBlack32 BASFパリオゲン・ブラックL0086、P071チバ・イルガジンDPPコスモレイ、PY128チバ8GNP)の各々に関してアクリル系樹脂、湿潤化および分散化添加剤、溶媒並びに指定された着色剤を用いて濃縮着色剤を製造した。各成分の量は表2に指定されている。濃縮着色剤を次に鋼バロティーニュで粉砕した。
実施例1Bにおける結果を標準顔料2層成分系に関して公式に入手可能なTSR値から集められたデータと比較しそして以下の表5に示す。
Claims (22)
- (i)ベヒクル中に分散された、実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして0.55μm〜0.95μmの範囲内の平均粒子寸法を有する第一粒子物質を含んでなる第一層並びに(ii)ベヒクル中に分散された実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして1.0μm〜1.6μmの範囲内の平均粒子寸法を有する第二粒子物質および着色剤を含んでなる、第一層の少なくとも一部の上に置かれた、第二層を含んでなる、積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 第一粒子物質および第二粒子物質が二酸化チタン、ドープされた二酸化チタンおよびそれらの混合物よりなる群から独立して選択される、請求項1の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 第一粒子物質および第二粒子物質が二酸化チタンである、請求項2の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 着色剤が1種もしくはそれ以上の無機顔料、1種もしくはそれ以上の有機顔料およびそれらの混合物から選択される、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 着色剤がコーティングされたかもしくはコーティングされていない金属酸化物顔料、複合金属酸化物系顔料、および錯体無機色顔料よりなる群から選択される1種もしくはそれ以上の無機着色剤である、請求項4の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 着色剤が銅フタロシアニン顔料、異種金属フタロシアニン顔料、非金属フタロシアニン顔料、塩素化フタロシアニン顔料、塩素化−臭素化フタロシアニン顔料、臭素化フタロシアニン顔料、アントラキノン顔料、キナクリドン系顔料、ジケトピロロピロール系顔料、ペリレン系顔料、モノアゾ系顔料、ジアゾ系顔料、縮合アゾ系顔料、金属錯体系顔料、キノフタロン系顔料、インダンスレンブルー顔料、ジオキサデンバイオレット顔料、ベンズイミダゾロン系顔料、ペリノン系顔料、インジゴ/チオインジゴ系顔料、ジオキサジン系顔料、イソインドリノン系顔料、イソインドリン系顔料、アゾメチンおよびアゾメチン−アゾ系顔料粒子物質よりなる群から選択される1種もしくはそれ以上の有機顔料である、請求項4の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 第一層中のベヒクルおよび第二層中のベヒクルが合成樹脂、天然樹脂、担体、結合剤、およびそれらの混合物から独立して選択される、請求項1、2または3のいずれか1項または請求項4−6のいずれか1項の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系の厚さが55μmより厚くない、請求項1−7のいずれか1項の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系。
- 構造体の表面上に置かれた請求項1−8のいずれか1項の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系を含んでなるコーティングされた構造体。
- 表面が金属、ガラス、セラミック、プラスチック、コンクリート、アスファルト、木材、タイル、天然繊維、人工繊維、またはゴムを含んでなる、請求項9のコーティングされた構造体。
- 構造体が建物、自動車、汽車、コンテナー、容器、パイプ、床、デッキ、織物、航空機、船舶、潜水艦、窓枠、壁板、屋根材粒子、屋根板、農業用フィルム、食品包装フィルムまたはガラス製品である、請求項9または10のコーティングされた構造体。
- (i)第一コーティング組成物を構造体上に適用して第一層を形成しそして(ii)第二コーティング組成物を第一層の少なくとも一部の上に適用して第二層を形成することを含んでなる積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系を製造する方法であって、第一コーティング組成物が、ベヒクル中に分散された、実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして0.55μm〜0.95μmの範囲内の平均粒子寸法を有する第一粒子物質を含んでなり、そして、第二コーティング組成物が、ベヒクル中に分散された、実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして1.0μm〜1.6μmの範囲内の平均粒子寸法を有する第二粒子物質および着色剤を含んでなる、方法。
- 第一および第二コーティング組成物が各々塗料、インキ、粉末および箔から選択される組成物である、請求項12の方法。
- 第三コーティング組成物を第二層の少なくとも一部の上に適用して第三層を形成することをさらに含んでなる請求項12または13の方法。
- 第一コーティング組成物がプライマー表面コーティング組成物であり、第二コーティング組成物がベースコートコーティング組成物でありそして第三層がクリアコートコーティング組成物である、請求項14の方法。
- 第一および第二コーティング組成物が噴霧、浸漬、回転、ブラシ塗布、または押し出しにより適用される、請求項12−15のいずれか1項の方法。
- 第一層の厚さが1μm〜20μmの範囲内であり、そして、第二層の厚さが5μm〜35μmの範囲内である、請求項12−16のいずれか1項の方法。
- 構造体が30%より大きい合計太陽反射率を示す請求項1−8のいずれか1項に記載の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系を含んでなる構造体。
- 構造体のエネルギー消費量を減少させる方法であって、請求項1−8のいずれか1項の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系を構造体の1つもしくはそれ以上の表面に適用することを含んでなり、積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系が、生ずるコーティングされた表面の表面温度を、同色の非反射性コーティングでコーティングされた表面の表面温度に比べて低下させて、構造体の内部を冷却するためにより少ないエネルギーを必要とする、方法。
- 赤外線に露呈される構造体の温度増加を調節する方法であって、(i)第一コーティング組成物を構造体上に適用して第一層を形成しそして(ii)第二コーティング組成物を第一層の少なくとも一部の上に適用して第二層を形成することを含んでなり、第一コーティング組成物が、ベヒクル中に分散された、実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして0.55μm〜0.95μmの範囲の平均粒子寸法を有する第一粒子物質を含んでなり、そして第二コーティング組成物が、ベヒクル中に分散された、実質的にルチル結晶性質を有し、そして1.0μm〜1.6μmの範囲内の平均粒子寸法を有する第二粒子物質および着色剤を含んでなる、方法。
- 構造体のエネルギー消費量を減少させるための、請求項1−8のいずれか1項の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系の使用。
- 赤外線に露呈される構造体の温度増加を調節するための、請求項1−8のいずれか1項の1層の積層された着色された太陽反射性成分系の使用。
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