JP5788806B2 - 薬物送達剤用置換ジケトピペラジン及びその塩、これらを含む治療用組成物、微粒子組成物及び乾燥粉末組成物、並びに、その調整方法 - Google Patents
薬物送達剤用置換ジケトピペラジン及びその塩、これらを含む治療用組成物、微粒子組成物及び乾燥粉末組成物、並びに、その調整方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5788806B2 JP5788806B2 JP2011543723A JP2011543723A JP5788806B2 JP 5788806 B2 JP5788806 B2 JP 5788806B2 JP 2011543723 A JP2011543723 A JP 2011543723A JP 2011543723 A JP2011543723 A JP 2011543723A JP 5788806 B2 JP5788806 B2 JP 5788806B2
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Description
ジケトピペラジンは薬物送達および安定化に有用な微粒子を形成できることは業界で周知である。本明細書に記載の態様では、ジケトピペラジンは体内の作用標的または部位への活性薬剤の吸収を促進して活性薬剤が例えば消化管で劣化することを防ぐのに使用される。
本開示の別の態様では、上記の置換ジケトピペラジンは体内の標的または部位に活性薬剤を送達するための送達システムとしての用途を有する。本明細書では用語「活性薬剤」は本開示の置換ジケトピペラジンによってカプセルに入れられ、結合され、化合され、錯体化され、または捕捉されることになる治療剤または分子(たとえばタンパク質、ペプチド、または生体分子)をいう。一般的に言えば、活性薬剤のいかなる形態も議論している微粒子と結合することができる。薬物送達については、治療、予防、または診断活性を有する生物学的活性薬剤は本明細書に開示の置換ジケトピペラジンを用いて送達することができる。
具体的な態様では、本開示は、置換ジケトピペラジンの製薬上許容される塩を含む活性薬剤の送達のための微粒子組成物に関する。他の態様では、本開示は活性薬剤とともに置換ジケトピペラジンの製薬上許容される塩を含む乾燥粉末組成物に関する。乾燥粉末は活性薬剤分子と置換ジケトピペラジンの製薬上許容される塩の溶液を噴霧乾燥して乾燥粉末を形成することにより調製することができる。
本開示は体内の標的または部位に送達される置換ジケトピペラジン塩と活性薬剤を含む医薬組成物に関する。具体的な態様では、インスリンのような活性薬剤は呼吸器系の特定の領域への吸入により、本明細書に記載の薬物送達剤により送達される。より具体的には、活性薬剤を伴う置換ジケトピペラジンを含む乾燥粉末組成物は適切な肺送達である。肺送達は全身血液循環および/または肺中送達への急速吸収を導くことができる。薬剤組成物の肺循環および動脈系への直接送達は、肺中の局部末梢および/または静脈血管系における酵素または他の作用による活性薬剤(例:ペプチド)の劣化や失活を回避、迂回、または遅延させ、その生体利用効率を高める。したがって、本明細書記載の薬物送達システムにより、効果的な低用量の医薬用原料を例えば肺投与により送達でき、有効量を標的の部位に送達するために他の投与方法でしばしば必要とされる高用量投与に代替できる。この方法は代謝体の形成を減らすための投与方法を提供することができ、したがって他の投与方法によって患者に送達される製品からの毒性または副作用の低減をもたらすことができる。ある側面では、肺の薬物送達システムはペプチドの送達に限定されず、経口、静脈、経皮、直腸、および皮下投与のような他の投与方法で遭遇する末梢または静脈血管組織における局所分解酵素との直接接触による急速に代謝および/または劣化される他の種類の医薬用原料とともに使用することができる。
置換DKP類似物の合成
ジケトピペラジン微粒子のシクロ−Lys(Z)−Lys(Z)の調製は米国特許第5,352,461号に開示され、そのまま参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。この方法は、N−イプシロン−(Z)−L−リジンの環化二量化、アミノ基の保護、およびLys(Z)−Lys(Z)の脱保護の工程を含む。
ラットの肺吹送によるGLP−1/DKP類似物投与の薬物動態学
異なるDKP類(xDKP類もしくは置換DKP類、または非対称置換DKP類ともいう)がGLP−1/FDKP製剤の薬物動態プロファイルに影響するか否かを決めるため、種々のGLP−1/xDKP置換類似物の製剤を調製し、肺吹送でラットに投与した。
xDKP/インスリン(TI)粉末を投与されたラットにおけるグルコースの減少
初期検査は、置換DKP/インスリン粉末がこれらの粉末を投与されたラットにおける薬物動態または薬力学に影響するか否かを決めるために行なった。この検査では、(E)−3−(4−(3,6−ジオキソピペラジン−2−イル)ブチルカルバモイル)−アクリル酸(本明細書では化合物3(MK−013単独)とよぶ、上記表1)および活性物質としてインスリンと共に処方された化合物3(MK−013:11%充填)をそれぞれ含有する置換DKP/インスリン粉末が調製され、肺吹送によりラットに投与された。化合物3単独を含有する製剤は対照群のラットに投与され、さらなる群のラットは対称的置換ジケトピペラジンである(E)−3,6−ビス[4−(N−カルボキシ−2−プロペニル)アミドブチル]−2,5−ジケトピペラジン、(FDKP)およびインスリン(11%充填)(TI対照)からなる製剤を肺吹送で受け入れた。血液標本は投与前(0分)、投与後5分、20分、40分、60分、および120分に各群の各ラットにつき投与日に採取された。各時点で、約10μLの全血が各群のラットの尾部支脈から採取され、グルコース測定紙片を用いて血糖値を分析した。化合物3およびインスリンを含有する乾燥粉末組成物を投与されたラットは図5に示されるように最低血糖値を示す結果になった。投与後20分で血糖値は服用前の140mg/dLから40mg/dLになった。投与後1時間および2時間で血糖値はそれぞれ約35mg/dLおよび33mg/dLであった。化合物3/インスリン粉末製剤を投与されたラットは、化合物3単独またはFDKP/インスリン(TI)を含有する製剤を投与された群と比較して、血糖値が約2倍から約4倍減少することを示した。
置換DKP/インスリンを投与されたラットにおけるインスリンの分析
動物は上記実施例に記載されたように処理され、血清インスリン濃度が測定された。血液標本は投与前および投与後20分に各群の各ラットにつき投与日に採取された。各時点で、約150μLの全血が各群のラットの尾部支脈から採取され、ELISAによってインスリン濃度を分析した。図6に示されるように、血清濃度は(E)−3−(4−(3,6−ジオキソピペラジン−2−イル)ブチルカルバモイル)−アクリル酸とインスリン(11%充填)の製剤を受け入れた群が、FDKP/インスリン(TI)を受け入れた対照群に比べて約3.5倍高かった。このデータは化合物3が、FDKPを含む製剤よりも、インスリンをラットの循環系に送達するのに効果的であることを示す。
置換DKP粉末を投与されたラットにおけるグルコースおよびインスリンの分析
異なるDKP類がxDKP/インスリン製剤の薬物動態プロファイルに影響するか否かを決めるため種々のDKPおよびインスリン粉末が試験された。この検査には、(E)−3−(4−(3,6−ジオキソピペラジン−2−イル)ブチルカルバモイル)−アクリル酸(化合物3、群ラット)、およびインスリン10.6%含有の化合物3(製剤3)を含有した置換ジケトピペラジン/インスリン粉末が調製された。対称置換ジケトピペラジンおよびインスリンの乾燥粉末組成物もまた調製され、3,6−ビス[(N−カルボキシプロピル)アミドブチル]−2,5−ジケトピペラジン(化合物1)およびインスリン10.7%含有の化合物1の製剤(製剤1)か、または(E)−3,6−ビス[(N−カルボキシ−2−プロペニル)−アミドプロピル]−2,5−ジケトピペラジン(化合物2)およびインスリン10.5%含有の化合物2の製剤(製剤2)のいずれかを含有する。化合物1(群1)、2(群2)または3(群3)は単独でそれぞれ3匹のメスのラットに投与された。各群は3匹のラットを含み、粉末は肺吸入で送達された。同様に、製剤1(群4)、2(群5)、または3(群6)はそれぞれインスリンを10.7%、10.5%、または10.6%含んで、肺吸送によって3匹のメスのスプラーグドーリーラット(各群につき3匹)のそれぞれに送達された。対照ラットは食塩水溶液中の1.4mgのインスリンを受け入れた。
種々の置換DKP/インスリン粉末を投与されたラットにおけるグルコースの減少
実施例2で検討したように、さらなる置換ジケトピペラジン類似体を試験してこれらの粉末が置換DKP/インスリン製剤の薬物動態または薬力学に有効か否かを測定した。この検査には、置換ジケトピペラジン/インスリン粉末が、(E)−3−(4−(3,6−ジオキソピペラジン−2−イル)ブチルカルバモイル)−アクリル酸(化合物3)とインスリン、または(E)−3−(3−(3,6−ジオキソピペラジン−2−イル)プロピルカルバモイル)−アクリル酸(化合物4)とインスリン、または(E)−3−(4−(5−イソプロピル−(3,6−ジオキソピペラジン−2−イル)ブチルカルバモイル)−アクリル酸(化合物5)とインスリンのいずれかをそれぞれ含有するように作られ、肺吸送によって各群につき3匹のメスのスプラーグドーリーラットのそれぞれに投与された。
最後に、当然のことであるが、本明細書に開示された発明の態様は本発明の原理を説明している。採用してもよい他の修正は本発明の範囲内にある。従って、例をあげると、本発明の代替形態が本明細書の教示に従って利用できるが、これに限定されるものではない。それゆえに、本発明は示され、記述されたものに正確に限定されるものではない。
Claims (28)
- 式Aの一般構造を有する置換ジケトピペラジンの製薬上許容される塩
- 陽イオンはナトリウムである、請求項2に記載の製薬上許容される塩。
- 式Aの一般構造を有する置換ジケトピペラジンの製薬上許容される塩
- 活性薬剤が、ペプチド、タンパク質、小分子、または核酸分子である、
請求項4に記載の治療用組成物。 - 活性薬剤が、インスリン、インスリン類似物、グルカゴン、グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)、カルシトニン、副甲状腺ホルモン1−34、並びに副甲状腺ホルモン、オクトレオチド、ロイプロリド、およびRSVペプチドの生物活性断片、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM−CSF)、ペプチドYY、オキシントモジュリン、フェルバメート、カンナビノイド拮抗薬および/または作用薬、ムスカリン拮抗薬および/または作用薬、ヘパリン、低分子量ヘパリン、クロモリン、シルデナフィル、バルデナフィル、タダラフィル、成長ホルモン、AZT、DDI、ラモトリジン、絨毛膜ゴナドトロピン放出因子、黄体化放出因子、β−ガラクトシダーゼ、エキセンディン1−4、グレリン、トリプチン、およびそれらの断片からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の治療用組成物。
- 活性薬剤がインスリンまたはインスリン類似物である、請求項6に記載の治療用組成物。
- 置換ジケトピペラジン微粒子と活性薬剤の沈殿物を含む、請求項4から7のいずれか1項に記載の治療用組成物。
- 沈殿物が吸入、口腔、経口、直腸、または経膣送達に適する固形に製剤されている、請求項8に記載の治療用組成物。
- 液体に製剤されている、請求項4から7のいずれか1項に記載の治療用組成物。
- 液体が、置換ジケトピペラジン微粒子と活性薬剤の溶液または懸濁液である、請求項10に記載の治療用組成物。
- 溶液または懸濁液が、経皮、静脈内、または皮下送達に適する請求項11に記載の治療用組成物。
- 請求項9に記載の治療用組成物を含む乾燥粉末組成物。
- 式Aの一般構造を有する置換ジケトピペラジン微粒子の製薬上許容される塩を含む微粒子組成物
- さらに活性薬剤を含む、請求項14に記載の微粒子組成物。
- 式Aの一般構造を有する置換ジケトピペラジン、または、その製薬上許容される塩または溶媒和物を含む微粒子組成物
- ペプチド、タンパク質、小分子、および核酸分子からなる群から選択される1種以上の活性薬剤をさらに含む、請求項16に記載の微粒子組成物。
- 活性薬剤が、インスリン、インスリン類似物、グルカゴン、グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)、カルシトニン、副甲状腺ホルモン1−34、並びに副甲状腺ホルモン、オクトレオチド、ロイプロリド、およびRSVペプチドの生物活性断片、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM−CSF)、ペプチドYY、オキシントモジュリン、フェルバメート、カンナビノイド拮抗薬および/または作用薬、ムスカリン拮抗薬および/または作用薬、ヘパリン、低分子量ヘパリン、クロモリン、シルデナフィル、バルデナフィル、タダラフィル、成長ホルモン、AZT、DDI、ラモトリジン、絨毛膜ゴナドトロピン放出因子、黄体化放出因子、β−ガラクトシダーゼ、エキセンディン1−4、グレリン、トリプチン、およびそれらの断片からなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の微粒子組成物。
- 活性薬剤がインスリンまたはインスリン類似物である、請求項18に記載の微粒子組成物。
- 置換ジケトピペラジン微粒子に活性薬剤を沈殿させて形成される、請求項16から19のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物。
- 微粒子が、置換ジケトピペラジンと活性薬剤を含む溶液を沈殿させて形成される、請求項16から19のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物。
- 送達は肺系統による、請求項16から21のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物。
- 請求項16から22のいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物からなる乾燥粉末組成物。
- 活性薬剤分子と置換ジケトピペラジンの製薬上許容される塩の溶液を噴霧乾燥して乾燥粉末を形成することを含む、患者が必要とする活性薬剤の送達のための乾燥粉末組成物の調製方法であって、
該置換ジケトピペラジンの製薬上許容される塩が式Aの一般構造を有する、調製方法
- 活性薬剤がペプチド、タンパク質、小分子、または核酸分子である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 活性薬剤が、インスリン、インスリン類似物、グルカゴン、グルカゴン様ペプチド1(GLP−1)、カルシトニン、副甲状腺ホルモン1−34、並びに副甲状腺ホルモン、オクトレオチド、ロイプロリド、およびRSVペプチドの生物活性断片、顆粒球マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM−CSF)、ペプチドYY、オキシントモジュリン、フェルバメート、カンナビノイド拮抗薬および/または作用薬、ムスカリン拮抗薬および/または作用薬、ヘパリン、低分子量ヘパリン、クロモリン、シルデナフィル、バルデナフィル、タダラフィル、成長ホルモン、AZT、DDI、ラモトリジン、絨毛膜ゴナドトロピン放出因子、黄体化放出因子、β−ガラクトシダーゼ、エキセンディン1−4、グレリン、トリプチン、およびそれらの断片からなる群から選択される請求項25に記載の方法。
- 活性薬剤がインスリンまたはインスリン類似物である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 送達は肺系統による、請求項24から27のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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EP2862854A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
SI2379511T1 (sl) | 2015-03-31 |
PT2379511E (pt) | 2015-02-27 |
JP2012514008A (ja) | 2012-06-21 |
ES2531009T3 (es) | 2015-03-09 |
MX2011007065A (es) | 2011-08-03 |
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