JP5781508B2 - 高親和性抗体を産生させるための手段および方法 - Google Patents
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Description
B細胞の単離。我々はフィコール(Ficoll)分離およびCD22 MACS微小ビーズ(Miltenyi Biotech)によって末梢血(Sanquinからのバフィーコート)からB細胞を得た。次いで、我々は、CD19+CD3-CD27+IgM-IgA-(IgG記憶細胞)またはCD19+CD3-CD27+IgG-IgA-(IgM記憶細胞)に対してこれらの細胞をFACSAria(Becton Dickinson)上でソートした。
(BCL6およびBcl-xLを形質導入したヒト末梢記憶B細胞は、GC様B細胞に類似している)
我々は、BCL6およびBcl-xLの過剰発現(胚中心(GC)B細胞において発現し、STAT5の制御下にある(Scheeren, F.A.ら Nat Immunol 6、303〜13(2005);国際出願PCT/NL2008/050333号明細書))が相乗作用を示して、ヒト記憶B細胞のインビトロでの増殖および生存のポテンシャルが、放射線照射されたCD40L発現L細胞(CD40L-L細胞)上にてIL21の存在下で培養されるとき、増大することを示した。CD40L-L細胞上にてIL21の存在下で培養されるとき、正常ヒトB細胞は速やかに抗体産生形質細胞に分化し(Ettinger, R.ら J Immunol 175、7867〜79(2005))、それに伴って表面のBCRおよびMHCクラスIIの発現が減少し、かつCD38の発現が増加した(Liu, Y.J.およびArpin, C. Immunol Rev 156、111〜26(1997))。同じ培養における非形質導入細胞またはBcl-xLのみを発現する細胞とは対照的に、BCL6のみを発現する細胞およびBCL6+Bcl-xLを発現する細胞は両方とも、BCR発現を保持し、HLA-DRhighCD38intermediate(図1a)になり、BCL6がB細胞分化を阻害することが確認された(Scheeren, F.A.ら Nat Immunol 6、303〜13(2005); Diehl, S.A.ら J Immunol 180、4805〜15(2008))。
BCL6+Bcl-xL形質導入B細胞は比較的大量の抗体を分泌する。そのために、我々は特異抗体の分泌に基づいて抗原特異的B細胞を選択することができた。我々は病原性の呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)を抗原性成分に選んだ。RSVは、1歳未満の幼児および小児の間の細気管支炎および肺炎の最も一般的な原因であり、また高齢者にとっての深刻な健康問題である(Thompson, W.W.ら JAMA 289、179〜86(2003); Hall CB.ら NEMJ 360、588〜599(2009))。健康的なドナーのBCL6+Bcl-xL形質導入記憶B細胞を、CD40L-L細胞およびIL21により増殖し、マイクロ中和実験(Johnson, S.ら J Infect Dis 180、35〜40(1999))においてRSV中和抗体の存在についてスクリーニングした。最も高い中和活性を有する抗体の1つ、D25を、限界希釈法によってクローニングし、さらに特徴づけした(国際出願PCT/NL2008/050333号明細書)。我々は、2.1ng ml-1の範囲においてRSV-A2ウイルスに対して最大活性の半分を阻害する濃度(IC50)を観察した。
いくつかの適用にとっては、AIDを阻害して、BCL6+Bcl-xL形質導入B細胞クローンのIg遺伝子中に突然変異が蓄積することを妨げることが望ましい。これを達成するために、我々は、塩基性ヘリックス・ループ・ヘリックス転写因子E47によってAIDが調節されるという事実を利用した(Sayegh, C.E.ら Nat Immunol 4、586〜93(2003))。我々は、転写的に不活性な複合体をE47と形成することが知られている、ヘリックス・ループ・ヘリックス因子のDNA結合の阻害剤であるID2およびID3を過剰発現させ、それによってAID発現を阻害した(Sayegh, C.E.ら Nat Immunol 4、586〜93(2003))。図3aに示すように、ID2およびID3の両方が過剰発現すると、D25細胞株におけるAICDAレベルが顕著に低下した。ID2が発現した場合は、該細胞株の増殖は低下したが、ID3の場合は低下しなかった(図3b)。AIDの過剰発現もまた、D25細胞の増殖能を低下させた。予想通りに、AIDの過剰発現はAIDの発現を顕著に増強した(図3a)。このように、ID2および/またはID3レベルの調節は、BCL6+Bcl-xL形質導入B細胞におけるAID誘発変異を調節する方法を提供する。
我々は、機能が変更したD25の新しいサブクローンを見出す可能性を考えた。しかしながら、その推定上のターゲットであるRSV融合(F)タンパク質に対するD25の親和性はすでに高く、D25は低濃度ですでにRSVを中和するので、D25自体より優れたクローンを見出すことは困難であった。それにもかかわらず、我々は、D25サブクローンのB細胞培養上清を、RSV感染HEp2細胞への結合について2回、PE標識D25との競合について1回試験した。これらの実験から様々な結果(データを示さず)が得られたが、各データセットからのトップ25の抗体すべてをVH配列と比較すると、ある極めて興味深いアミノ酸位置が現れた。いくつかのD25サブクローンが組換えタンパク質として産生された。その中でクローン59番の構成はオリジナルD25クローンとなお同じものであったが、77番は位置107に極めて典型的な変異(E107K)を含有しており、感染HEp2細胞に対する結合を消失した他のクローンもまた該変異を保持していたので、該変異はRSV感染HEp2細胞に対する結合を低下させるものと考えられる。さらに、クローン29番(S83Y/V111I/V112L)および189番(G63D/V111I/V112L)は、位置111および112での変異(V→IおよびV→L)を共に保持している。これら2つのクローンは、オリジナルD25抗体のRSV感染HEp2細胞への結合を用量依存的に置換するが(図4a)、一方で、D25自体および非結合性抗体はPE標識D25抗体を置換することができない。さらに、直接の競合でも、2つのクローン29番および189番は、再びオリジナル免疫グロブリンD25の結合を低下させる(図4b)。したがって、我々のBCL6+Bcl-xL B細胞株におけるAIDの発現によって、我々は、オリジナルB細胞内のインビトロ抗体親和性の成熟化を実行できる。
単独のBCL6と一緒の、かつCD40LおよびIL21で共同刺激されたB細胞培養は、形質芽細胞への分化をブロックすることを示すが、生存と増殖の増強のためのシグナルを欠くため、我々は、Bcl-xLに加えてこの過程における抗アポトーシス分子MCL-1の役割も研究した。活性化されたCD19+CD27+IgM-IgA-記憶細胞が、(i)BCL6-GFPおよびMCL-1-NGFR、または(ii)BCL6-GFPおよびBcl-xL-NGFR、または(iii)BCL6-Bcl-xL-GFPおよびMCL-1-NGFRを形質導入した場合(図5)、該細胞はすべて生存が増強されることを示した。BCL6 MCL-1を含有する細胞は、BCL6およびBcl-xL、またはBCL6、Bcl-xL、およびMCL-1を含有する細胞と比較して、3倍遅く増殖した(図6、7および8)。Bcl-xLのように、MCL-1はBCL6の機能、すなわち形質芽細胞への分化のブロックを妨害せず、これらを同時形質導入された細胞は、実際にまだ胚中心表現型(CD20+CD38+)を保持し(図9A)、かつ表面発現免疫グロブリンをまだ発現している(図9B)。MCL1、BCL6、および/またはBcl-xL形質導入細胞のAIDの発現は、変化しないと予想される。
BCL6+Bcl-xL形質導入B細胞クローンについて上記に示したように、ID2およびID3もまた、Bcl6+Mcl-1形質導入B細胞において過剰発現し、それによってAID発現が阻害される(Sayegh, C.E.ら Nat Immunol 4、586〜93(2003))。続いて、ID2およびID3の両方の過剰発現により、これらの細胞のAICDAレベルが低下することが、例えば定量的RT-PCRを用いて実証される。したがって、ID2および/またはID3のレベルを増加させることにより、BCL6+Mcl-1形質導入B細胞におけるAID誘導変異を妨げる方法が提供される。この手順は上記の「方法」の部に記載されている。
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Claims (9)
- 抗体産生形質芽細胞様B細胞における体細胞高頻度変異の発生を調節する方法であって、
B細胞におけるBcl-6の発現を誘導、増強、および/または維持し、前記B細胞におけるBCL2ファミリーの遺伝子の発現を誘導、増強、および/または維持し、それにより抗体産生形質芽細胞様B細胞を生成させるステップを含み、
AIDの発現および/または比活性を低下させることによって、前記B細胞における体細胞高頻度変異の発生を低下させるステップをさらに含む方法。 - 前記B細胞が、記憶B細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記BCL2ファミリーの遺伝子が、Bcl-xLもしくはMcl-1、またはそれらの機能性部分であり、前記機能性部分が、抗アポトーシス特性を保持している、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞にIL21およびCD40Lを与えるステップをさらに含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- AIDの発現が、前記B細胞におけるIDタンパク質の発現によって減少される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- Bcl-6と、
BCL2ファミリーの遺伝子と、
IDタンパク質と
を発現する単離または組換え抗体産生B細胞。 - 前記BCL2ファミリーの遺伝子が、Bcl-xLおよびMcl-1ならびにBcl-xLの機能性部分およびMcl-1の機能性部分からなる群から選択される核酸を含み、前記機能性部分が、抗アポトーシス特性を保持している、請求項6に記載の単離または組換え抗体産生B細胞。
- 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法によって得られる単離または組換え抗体産生形質芽細胞様B細胞。
- 抗体の大規模産生のための、AIDの発現および/または活性が低下し、それにより体細胞高頻度変異の発生が低下した抗体産生形質芽細胞様B細胞の使用。
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