JP5778292B2 - Rail clamp for mounting rails and systems with this type of rail clamp - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is a rail clamp for mounting a rail, comprising a central portion, at least one twisted portion branching laterally from the central portion, at least one transition portion adjacent to the twisted portion, and at least one The holding arm is connected to the transition, the free arm has an end formed at the free end, and the rail clamp is in use by the end of the rail to be mounted. The present invention relates to a rail clamp configured to be supported on a foot. This type of rail clamp is usually formed in one piece by bending spring steel.

  The present invention is also a system for mounting a rail including a foot, a stem disposed thereon, and a head, and supports the guide plate, a rail clamp held on the guide plate, and the rail. The present invention relates to a system having pulling means for tightening a rail clamp against a base.

  The rail system and rail clamp of the above type are disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 below. The holding arms of the ω-type rail clamps known from these patents have a curved path with both ends when viewed in plan view, and the end faces of the both ends are directed in the direction facing each other. In this regard, the ends themselves are curved or straight, parallel to the torsional portions of the rail clamp with which they are associated.

  In the final assembly position, the free end of the holding arm rests on the foot of the rail to be attached.

  The central part of the rail clamp is looped around the axis of the fixing screw. Once the rail is positioned, the rail clamp is moved toward the rail foot and pushed into the final assembly position by screwing the screw. This pressing action simultaneously causes the clamping (bracing) of the rail clamp, which generates the holding force necessary to hold the rail, and this holding force is elastically transmitted onto the rail foot by the holding arm. Is done.

  Another rail clamp and system of the type mentioned at the outset is known from US Pat. In this known system, a rail clamp is used as an elastic element for generating an elastic holding force necessary for holding the rail. The rail clamp is configured so that at least one holding arm can cover the maximum spring deflection, taking into account the length of the support plate measured in the longitudinal direction of the rail to be mounted. The end of the holding arm is inclined so as to face away from the twisted portion, so that, in the assembled position, the end is directed toward the stem of the rail to be attached. For this reason, a narrow support area formed at the free end of each end, in which the holding arm applies the necessary holding force on the rail foot by its end during use, is attached It is displaced from the leg edge of the power rail in the direction of the rail stem. This causes the rail foot to be excessively lateral in its longitudinal direction as a result of the lateral forces that occur when the train travels on the rails and as a result of uncertain lateral support on the support plate. Even when it moves, the necessary holding force is always transmitted efficiently and reliably from each holding arm to the rail foot. Also, the displacement of the support area in the direction of the stem of the rail creates a greater resistance to undesired torsional action, which results in a particularly positionally correct assembly of the rail clamp.

  Actual experience with the above system proves that the end of the rail clamp holding arm can be held in a tilted shape to ensure that the rail can be held securely even when relatively large lateral displacements occur. Yes. Certainly, the special shape of the rail clamp used in the known system provides advantages with regard to the maximum elasticity of the spring. However, there is a demand for a rail clamp that can not only provide a large holding force but also provide an optimum durability limit. Such a demand exists, for example, in the case of a railway track in which a very heavy transport train runs at a high repetition rate.

US Pat. No. 3,690,551 US Pat. No. 3,439,874 German Patent Application Publication No. 10 2007 046 543 (A1)

  Against the background of the above prior art, the object of the present invention is a rail clamp and system for mounting a rail, which has a high endurance limit and can apply a high holding force, while at the same time the rail mounting means gradually wear. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a rail clamp and a system that can ensure that a sufficiently high holding force continues to act.

  With respect to the rail clamp, the above object is achieved by a rail clamp according to the invention having the features of claim 1.

  With respect to a system for mounting rails, the above object is achieved by the system of the present invention comprising a rail clamp constructed according to the present invention.

  Advantageous forms of the invention are set forth in the appended embodiments, and the broad inventive concept is described in detail below.

  In accordance with the prior art described at the beginning, a rail clamp according to the invention for mounting a rail comprises a central part, at least one twisted part branching laterally from the central part, and at least adjacent to the twisted part. It has one transition part and at least one holding arm connected to the transition part. An end is formed at the free end of each holding arm, and the rail clamp is supported by the end on the foot of the rail to be attached during use.

  According to the present invention, the holding arm is continuously curved at least at the curved portion extending to the free end of this end, and this curvature is centered when viewed in plan view of the rail clamp. The direction of the part and the direction of the longitudinal axis of the torsion associated with the respective holding arm.

  Thus, in the case of the rail clamp according to the invention, the end present on each holding arm is the rail to be mounted in the mounting position towards the longitudinal axis of the torsion associated with each holding arm of the rail clamp. It is curved away from the stem. In this regard, it is preferable that the bending of the bending portion including the end portion of the holding arm is not limited to the bending in one plane. On the contrary, the curvature is advantageously configured in three spatial directions. In this manner, a thin, generally point-like support surface can be formed at each end, the end being supported on the foot of the rail to be attached during use.

  Thus, in the rail clamp according to the invention, preferably a thinly formed support surface in the region of the curved end according to the invention, which allows the rail clamp according to the invention to be Is a distance measured transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail from the torsion associated with each holding arm (this distance is seen in plan view from above the rail clamp) (Sometimes less than the maximum distance measured transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rail). Therefore, the holding arm of the rail clamp according to the invention, which is curved to the free end, in use, curves in relation to the support surface in the direction of the stem of the rail to be mounted, from the torsion to the support surface at the end of the holding arm. Therefore, it has a large length as a whole as compared with a conventional rail clamp. With this large length and curved shape, the holding arm can absorb large fluctuating loads without risk of breakage. Thus, according to the rail clamp of the present invention, a high holding force can be applied with the optimum durability of the rail clamp.

  According to the form of the rail clamp according to the present invention, the same effect is obtained when the rail is displaced laterally with respect to its longitudinal direction and with respect to the guide plate on which the rail clamp is supported as a result of wear. Effects are achieved. The curved shape of the curved portion extending to the end of the holding arm and the curved shape of the end itself provided by the present invention are directed in a direction away from the stem of the rail to be mounted in the use position, and are worn with the guide plate due to wear. Even when a gap is formed between the rail foot and the rail foot and the rail clamp, the gap is so large that the end acting on the rail foot projects beyond the gap. Can be surely brought into contact with each other and a sufficient holding force can be applied to the foot of the rail. In this case, the support surface of each end of the rail clamp no longer exerts a pressing force on the rail foot, but the end shape curved in the direction of the torsion of the rail clamp or its virtual extension The shape or the longitudinal axis ensures that the rail clamp acts on the rail even in this situation. Thus, when the rail is displaced, the rail clamp “rolls” on the curved end on the rail foot, so that the support surface on which the end acts on the rail is also displaced as the rail is displaced due to wear. This effect is particularly effective when the end is curved in three spatial directions, i.e., in use, only on the rail foot by a support surface with a narrow end, i.e. a support surface such as a point. Occurs when supported.

  Due to the shape guided in the relatively wide curvature of the curved part of the holding arm of the rail clamp, the holding arm of the rail clamp according to the invention has a large length. This provides greater resiliency of the holding arm and thus increases its durability at low loads. In this regard, the shortest distance between the end constructed in accordance with the present invention and the associated torsion can be used as an indication of the minimum length of the holding arm. In the new state of the pre-assembled system according to the invention, this distance should be greater than the shortest distance between the torsion and the edge of the rail foot associated with the contact surface of the guide plate. In this way, even if an inaccurate alignment between the rail foot and the guide plate occurs (this may occur as a result of wear or assembly errors), the end always has a sufficient length of the rail. It is ensured that it rests on the foot and gives the necessary holding force.

  The above summarized advantages of the alignment and shape of the end of the rail clamp according to the invention are particularly evident when the curved end of the holding arm is equal to at least 20% of the length of the torsion.

  According to a modification of the holding arm according to the invention, the end face curve with its respective end is continuously curved, while the holding arm is at least partly another, for example to bridge a large distance Is straight.

  According to another modification, the entire holding arm is configured as a continuous bending portion, and the stress acting on the holding arm is reduced, so that the maximum durability strength is obtained. At the same time, this shape allows easy manufacture of the rail clamp.

  The holding arm can be molded with minimal deformation during bracing. Thereby, from the start, the end of the holding arm can be aligned with the rest of the holding arm already placed on the surface of the rail foot when the rail clamp is relaxed. For this purpose, the shape and alignment of the holding arm is such that the holding arm acts exclusively as a lever with a small intrinsic elasticity, and the spring force exerted by the clamped rail clamp is essentially a twist of the torsion. It is only generated by. This is because the holding arm is aligned with the torsion and the torsion and holding arm form an angle of 80 ° to 110 °, more specifically 85 ° to 95 °, as seen in the plan view of the rail clamp. Where a groove angle of about 90 ° within the manufacturable range can achieve optimal results.

  The rigidity of the holding arm is optimized by passing the curved portion of the holding arm through an angle of 80 ° to 100 ° in a plane through which the twisted portion passes. In fact, this direction of the curved portion of the holding arm is such that the transition between the holding arm and the twisted portion curves upwards when the rail clamp is on a vertical plane and an angular range of 80 ° to 110 °. This is realized when When each part of the holding arm of the rail clamp according to the invention is curved, the holding arm, when viewed in side view, forms a curve or dome in the area of this part, whereby the holding arm Even when receiving a high elastic holding force or when the rail is displaced laterally, the shape of the holding arm remains substantially unchanged. Thus, in the clamped state, its end always maintains an optimal position on the rail foot.

  Concentrated generation of the holding force on the twisted portion is further promoted when the angle between the central portion and the twisted portion is 80 ° to 110 ° as seen in a plan view. In this form, the central part is also not elastically flexible in itself and acts essentially as a lever that causes the torsion part to twist exclusively.

  The rail clamp according to the invention can be manufactured as a one-piece by forming a continuous curve line from spring steel wire, similar to the rail clamps known from the prior art.

  The storage and handling of the rail clamp according to the invention itself is such that the distance between the free end of the curved end and the central part is less than the minimum thickness of the central part, torsion part, transition part, holding arm and end part. Can be simplified in a known manner. Thereby, it is reliably prevented that the rail clamps roughly stored are entangled with each other.

  Of course, the rail clamp according to the present invention can be configured mirror-symmetrically like known rail clamps, the central part is in the form of a loop and is arranged in alignment with each other in opposite directions from the central part. Two twisted portions are branched, and the holding arms having the respective end portions are connected to the twisted portions via the respective transition portions. In this case, the rail clamp according to the present invention is formed in a W-type or a ω-type.

  Due to the concentration of the elastic holding force on the torsion required by the present invention, a special space-saving form of the rail clamp according to the present invention is possible. Thus, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the length of the torsion arms is calculated to be sufficiently short so that at least a part of the respective holding arm is guided on the guide plate.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to schematic diagrams illustrating exemplary embodiments.

It is sectional drawing which follows the cutting line XX of FIG. 4 which shows the attachment location shown in FIG. It is a front view which shows the rail clamp used for the system shown to FIG. 4 and FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the rail clamp according to FIG. 2 as viewed from above. It is a top view which shows the attachment location formed of two systems which attach a rail. It is a cross-sectional view which shows the attachment location by FIG.

  A rail clamp 1 formed in one piece as a continuous curved line from a spring steel wire for mounting a rail S supported on a base U (in this embodiment, for example formed by concrete sleepers) It is configured mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane N1 that is aligned perpendicular to the contact surface 2 of FIG. The rail clamp 1 has a loop-shaped central portion 3 that is U-shaped when viewed from the top (FIG. 4). The central portion 3 includes two limbs 4 and 5 spaced in parallel to each other. The limbs 4 and 5 are joined together and are provided with a semicircular connection 6 associated with the foot F of the rail S to be attached.

  The respective torsional parts 9, 10 branched in the transverse direction are connected to the respective limbs 4, 5 of the central part 3 by respective transitional parts 7, 8 bent by 90 °. More specifically, the torsion portions 9 and 10 extend away from the central portion 3, and when viewed in plan view, an angle α of about 90 ° with respect to the limb portions 4 and 5 of the central portion 3. Is forming.

  The other transition portions 11 and 12 are connected to the ends of the twisted portions 9 and 10 on the side away from the central portion 3, and the rail clamp 1 is on the lower surface of the transition portions 11 and 12. When facing each other, it faces upwards in an arc having an angle of about 90 ° (FIGS. 1 and 2).

  Each transition part 11, 12 is smoothly continuous with the continuously curved holding arms 13, 14 at the ends far from the respective twisted parts 9, 10. The holding arms 13 and 14 are formed of individual curved portions that are continuously curved in the three spatial directions X, Y, and Z. The parts 15, 16 of the holding arms 13, 14 connected to the respective transition parts 11, 12 in plan view are in relation to the associated twisted parts 9, 10 in relation to the limbs of the central part 3 in plan view. Has an angle β of about 90 ° so as to be substantially aligned with 4,5.

  As a result, the central axis M of the respective portions 15 and 16 of the holding arms 13 and 14 passes through the plane N2, and the common longitudinal axis L of the twisted portions 9 and 10 passes through the plane N2 by about 90 ° ± 5 °. Pass through at an angle of. More particularly, the portions 15, 16 of the holding arms 13, 14 are curved in the form of cupola struts and extend over an angular range of about 180 °.

  At the end on the side farther from the twisted portions 9, 10, the portions 15, 16 of the holding arms 13, 14 are smoothly connected to the respective transitions 17, 18, and the ends of these transitions 17, 18 19, 20 extend at an angle of approximately 90 ° with respect to the parts 15, 16 and downwards towards the central part 3. As is clear from the plan view (FIG. 3), these end portions 19 and 20 are curved in three spatial directions X, Y and Z as a continuum of the transition portions 17 and 18, and further, the longitudinal portions of the torsion portions 9 and 10. Extending in the direction of the direction axis L and in the direction of the central part 3, so that when the ends 19, 20 are placed on a flat surface, the ends 19, 20 It is supported on the support surfaces 21 and 22. The length and curvature of the ends 19, 20 takes into account the length of the portions 15, 16 of the holding arms 13, 14 that extend substantially parallel to the limbs 4, 5 of the central part 3. And is selected so as to terminate at a distance from the connecting portion 6 of the central portion 3. This distance “a” is smaller than the minimum thickness “d” of spring steel made by bending the rail clamp 1. Therefore, the gap between the central part 3 and the ends 19, 20 is very small and no other rail clamp 1 can pass through this gap.

  In order to attach the rail S to the base U, two systems S1, S2 of the same configuration are used, and these systems S1, S2 are assembled on both sides of the rail S. Each system S1, S2 includes a rail clamp 1, a guide plate 23, and a tension screw 24 required as a means for pulling the rail clamp 1.

  In the exemplary embodiment described herein, the guide plate 23 is configured in the form of a conventional inclined guide plate and is provided with a shoulder on its lower surface associated with the base U. This shoulder extends over its width B measured in the longitudinal direction of the rail S and sits in a groove formed corresponding to the base U when the guide plate 23 is in the assembly position. Further, in the assembly position, the guide plate 23 is supported on the shoulder portion (this shoulder portion is also formed on the base U) by the rear portion on the side far from the rail S. The guide plate 23 has a contact surface at the front portion (the front portion is wider than the rear portion and is related to the foot F of the rail S), and the foot F of the rail S is provided on the contact surface. Is supported by its longitudinal edges. Thus, when a train (not shown) travels on the rail S, the lateral force generated from the rail S is absorbed by the guide plate 23 and diverted to the base U.

  The guide plate 23 is adjacent to the rear portion of the guide plate 23, and has an upper surface formed with respective grooves extending parallel to the contact surface of the guide plate 23 and an additional molding element for guiding the rail clamp 1 attached to the guide plate 23. (Not shown in detail) and a through-hole (not visible here) from the upper surface to the base U through which the tension screw 24 is passed. The pull screw 24 is screwed into a dwell (not visible here) introduced into the base U.

  As for the rail clamp 1 arrange | positioned on each guide plate 23, the torsion part 9 and 10 sits in the groove | channel of the guide plate 23. FIG. The lengths Lt of the twisted portions 9, 10 are calculated so that each of the holding arms 13, 14 is guided above the guide plate 23 and at least on the wide front region of the guide plate associated with the foot F of the rail. The Thus, the width occupied by each rail clamp 1 is very slightly larger than the width B of the guide plate 23.

  At the same time, the length of the limbs 4, 5 of the central part 3 is calculated so that the rail clamp 1 can be seated in the pre-assembled position when the pull screw is screwed but not fully screwed. . In this pre-assembly position, the twisted portions 9, 10 are arranged offset in the direction of the rear portion of the guide plate 23 to the extent that they are located outside the groove of the associated guide plate 23, so that the curved end of the rail clamp 1 is arranged. The parts 19 and 20 no longer rush into the area provided for the rail S. If the rail S is arranged for this purpose in the space provided between the guide plates 23 of the systems S1, S2, the rail clamp 1 can be pushed from the pre-assembly position into the final assembly position. . In the final assembly position, the rail clamp 1 is placed on the upper surface O of the foot F of the rail, and the end portions 19 and 20 of the rail clamp 1 are curved in a direction away from the stem G of the rail S. Next, each pull screw 24 is tightened. Meanwhile, the central part 3 of the rail clamp 1 is moved in the direction of the base U. Since both holding arms 13, 14 are supported simultaneously on the rail foot F in a substantially rigid manner, substantially only the twisted portions 9, 10 are twisted when the rail clamp 1 is tightened. As a result, a high elastic force for elastically pressing the rail S is obtained. Since these elastic forces are applied on the rail foot F over a relatively large contact surface, the risk of frictional wear occurring in the contact area between the rail clamp 1 and the rail foot F is minimized. In order to ensure that the necessary support of the rail S is also obtained in the direction of the base U, an elastic layer E is provided in a known manner between the foot F of the rail and the base U.

  The transverse length Lh of the holding arms 13, 14 measured transversely to the longitudinal direction and the longitudinal axis L of the rail S is the longitudinal axis L in the new system S1, S2 ready for assembly. The shortest distance w between each torsion 9, 10 parallel to the axial direction and each associated end 19, 20 is the edge of the foot F of the rail associated with each guide plate 23. And the distance v between each of the twisted portions 9 and 10 is calculated to be larger. This configuration of the holding arms 13, 14 ensures that the ends 19, 20 are always supported on the rail foot F reliably. If the rail S is displaced with respect to the guide plate 23 due to wear, as a result, the support surfaces 21 and 22 supporting the load at the beginning of the end portion are connected to the guide plate 23 and the rail. The end portions 19 and 20 continue to rest on the rail foot F via support portions that are equidistant from the free end surfaces of the end portions 19 and 20.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rail clamp 2 Base U contact surface 3 Central part 4 of each rail clamp 1, 5 Limb part 6 of each rail clamp 1, Connection part 7 of central part 3, Transition part 9, 10 of each rail clamp 1 Torsion portions 11 and 12 of each rail clamp 1 transition portions 13 and 14 of each rail clamp 1 holding arms 15 and 16 of each rail clamp 1 holding arm portions 17 and 18 of each rail clamp 1 each rail clamp 1 transition portions 19 and 20 end portions 21 and 22 of each rail clamp 1 support surface 23 of each rail clamp 1 guide plate 24 tension screw a interval B width of guide plate 23 d of spring steel of each rail clamp 1 Thickness E Elastic layer F Foot S of rail S Stem L of rail S Length of twisted portions 9 and 10 Directional axis Le Length Lt of ends 19 and 20 Length Lh of twisted portions 9 and 10 Length M of holding arms 13 and 14 Center axis N of portions 15 and 16 Plane N2 Plane O Upper surface of rail F F Rail S S1, S2 System U for mounting the rail S Base w The shortest distance between the torsion arms 9, 10 of the rail clamp 1 and the ends 19, 20 associated therewith v The torsion arms 9, 10 of the rail clamp 1 , Distance between this and the edge of the foot F of the associated rail α angle β angle X, Y, Z 3 spatial direction

Claims (11)

A rail clamp (1) for mounting a rail (S), comprising a central portion (3), at least one twisted portion (9, 10) branched laterally from the central portion (3), and the twist at least one transition portion adjacent to the section (9, 10) and (11, 12), and at least one retaining arm (13, 14), the holding arms (13, 14) the transition portion (11, 12 ), the free ends of the holding arms (13, 14) are formed with ends (19, 20), and the rail clamp should be attached by the ends (19, 20) during use In the rail clamp (1) configured to be supported on the foot (F) of the rail (S), the holding arms (13, 14) are at least curved portions extending to the free ends of the ends (19, 20). Is curved continuously in this curve As seen in the plan view of the rail clamp (1), the ends (19, 20) of the torsion (9, 10) associated with the direction of the center (3) and the respective holding arms (13, 14) A rail clamp characterized by being oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis.   The rail clamp according to claim 1, wherein the holding arms (13, 14) and the curved portions of the ends (19, 20) are curved in three spatial directions.   3. The holding arm (13, 14) and the twisted part (9, 10) have an angle ([alpha]) of 80 [deg.] To 110 [deg.] When viewed in plan view. Rail clamp.   The rail clamp according to claim 3, wherein an angle (α) formed between the holding arm (13, 14) and the twisted portion (9, 10) is 85 ° to 95 ° as seen in a plan view.   The curved portion (15, 16) of the holding arm (13, 14) extends in a plane through which the twisted portion (9, 10) passes at an angle of 80 ° to 100 °. The rail clamp according to any one of 4.   6. The center part (3) and the twist part (9, 10) form an angle of 80 [deg.] To 110 [deg.] When viewed in plan view. Rail clamp as described.   The rail clamp according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a continuously curved line is formed.   The distance (a) between the free end of the end portions (19, 20) and the central portion (3) includes a central portion (3), a twisted portion (9, 10), a transition portion (11, 12), and a holding portion. A rail clamp according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is smaller than the minimum thickness (D) of the arms (13, 14) and ends (19, 20).   The central portion (3) is in the form of a loop, and two twisted portions (9, 10) arranged in alignment with each other in the opposite direction are branched from the central portion (3). (9, 10) are connected to respective holding arms (13, 14) with respective end portions (19, 20) via respective transition portions (11, 12), The rail clamp according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the rail clamp is arranged in a mirror image symmetry.   A system for mounting a rail (S) including a foot (F), a stem disposed thereon, and a head, and supporting a guide plate, a rail clamp held on the guide plate, and the rail And a pulling means for tightening the rail clamp with respect to the base, wherein the rail clamp is constructed in accordance with the description of any one of claims 1 to 9, and a torsion (9, 10), The shortest distance (w) between the associated ends (19, 20) is the rail foot (F) associated with the torsion (9, 10) and the contact surface (21, 22) of the guide plate (23). ) Less than the shortest distance (v) between the edges of   The length (Lt) of the twisted portions (9, 10) is calculated such that at least a part of each holding arm (13, 14) is guided above the guide plate (23) in the assembly position. The system according to claim 10.

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