JP5777085B2 - Underwater plant fertilizer - Google Patents
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- JP5777085B2 JP5777085B2 JP2010246966A JP2010246966A JP5777085B2 JP 5777085 B2 JP5777085 B2 JP 5777085B2 JP 2010246966 A JP2010246966 A JP 2010246966A JP 2010246966 A JP2010246966 A JP 2010246966A JP 5777085 B2 JP5777085 B2 JP 5777085B2
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Description
本発明は、水中の窒素、リン等の濃度低下による水中植物の栄養塩欠乏の回復に有用な水中植物用肥料に関し、とりわけ水との接触により気体を発生する成分を含有することを特徴とする水中植物用肥料に関する。
The present invention relates to an underwater plant fertilizer useful for recovery of nutrient salt deficiency of underwater plants due to a decrease in the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in water, and particularly contains a component that generates a gas upon contact with water. It relates to fertilizers for underwater plants.
近年、下水道の普及、工場排水規制の強化などに伴い河川からの栄養塩の供給量が低下し、海藻の養殖に必要な窒素やリンが不十分となり、海苔やワカメなどの海藻でしばしば色落ち現象が発生するようになっている。また、養殖牡蠣では餌となる植物プランクトンの減少により生育が不十分になる現象が起きている。 In recent years, the supply of nutrients from rivers has declined due to the spread of sewerage systems and the tightening of factory drainage regulations, resulting in inadequate nitrogen and phosphorus necessary for seaweed cultivation, and discoloration of seaweeds such as laver and seaweed. The phenomenon has started to occur. Moreover, in cultured oysters, there has been a phenomenon that the growth becomes insufficient due to a decrease in phytoplankton as a feed.
このような海水の栄養塩濃度の低下に備えて、海藻、特に海苔養殖において、粒状肥料を入れた施肥装置を支柱や海苔網近傍のロープに設置することが行われている。肥料成分の肥効として緩効性が求められることより、被覆肥料を用いる例も見られるが、残存する被覆樹脂の殻の処分問題がある。そこで、特許文献１では、尿素を使用しても急激に肥料成分が溶出しないように、孔径と孔の面積を調節した海苔養殖用施肥容器を開示している。 In preparation for such a decrease in the concentration of nutrients in seawater, fertilizers containing granular fertilizers are installed on struts and ropes in the vicinity of a laver net in seaweed, especially in laver culture. Although an example of using a coated fertilizer is seen from the fact that a slow effect is required as the fertilizer effect of the fertilizer component, there is a problem of disposal of the remaining coated resin shell. Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a fertilizer container for nori culture, in which the pore diameter and the area of the pores are adjusted so that the fertilizer components are not rapidly eluted even when urea is used.
しかしながら、特許文献１記載の海苔養殖用施肥容器において普通粒状肥料を用いた場合、特に冬期の海水温が低い時期には肥料の溶解速度が遅いため、施肥容器内に浸入した初期の水分が肥料の表面をゆっくりと溶解させると推定される。このような肥料表面の緩慢な溶解が、肥料粒同士の固結さらには塊状化を引き起こすと考えられる。肥料が塊状化した場合、肥料全体の表面積が小さくなるために肥料の溶解速度が遅くなり、その結果、施肥容器からの肥料の溶出速度が想定よりも相当程度遅くなる問題があった。 However, when the normal granular fertilizer is used in the fertilizer container for laver culture described in Patent Document 1, the initial moisture infiltrated in the fertilizer container is used as the fertilizer because the dissolution rate of the fertilizer is slow particularly when the seawater temperature is low in winter. It is estimated that the surface of the material slowly dissolves. It is considered that such slow dissolution of the fertilizer surface causes solidification and further agglomeration of the fertilizer grains. When the fertilizer is agglomerated, the surface area of the entire fertilizer is reduced, so that the dissolution rate of the fertilizer is slowed. As a result, the elution rate of the fertilizer from the fertilizer container is considerably slower than expected.
そこで本発明は、水中に設置した施肥容器内で生ずる水中植物用肥料の固結を防止することを目的とするものである。 Then, this invention aims at preventing caking of the fertilizer for underwater plants which arises in the fertilization container installed in water.
本発明者らは上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討を行った結果、水との接触により気体を発生する成分を肥料に含有させることによって肥料の固結が防止できることを見出し、係る知見に基づき本発明を完成させたものである。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that fertilizer can prevent caking of fertilizer by containing a component that generates gas by contact with water. The invention has been completed.
即ち、本発明は、水との接触により気体を発生する成分を含有することを特徴とする水中植物用肥料に関する。
また、本発明は、水との接触により気体を発生する成分が、発泡剤と水溶性固体酸からなる水中植物用肥料に関する。
さらに、本発明は、発泡剤が、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属炭酸水素塩、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウムのうち１種以上である水中植物用肥料に関する。
また、本発明は、水溶性固体酸が有機酸である水中植物用肥料に関する。
さらにまた、本発明は、水溶性固体酸に対する発泡剤の化学当量比が0.5〜2である水中植物用肥料に関する。
また、本発明は、発泡剤が、肥料100質量部に対し0.2〜2質量部である水中植物用肥料に関する。
また、本発明は、上記いずれかの水中植物用肥料を、孔径0.1〜1mmの多孔性容器に収容した水中植物用施肥装置に関する。
さらに、本発明は、前記水中植物用施肥装置を用いた水中植物への施肥方法に関する。
That is, this invention relates to the fertilizer for underwater plants characterized by including the component which generate | occur | produces gas by contact with water.
Moreover, this invention relates to the fertilizer for underwater plants whose component which generate | occur | produces gas by contact with water consists of a foaming agent and a water-soluble solid acid.
Furthermore, this invention relates to the fertilizer for underwater plants whose foaming agent is 1 or more types among alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydrogencarbonate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate.
The present invention also relates to an underwater plant fertilizer in which the water-soluble solid acid is an organic acid.
Furthermore, this invention relates to the fertilizer for underwater plants whose chemical equivalent ratio of the foaming agent with respect to a water-soluble solid acid is 0.5-2.
Moreover, this invention relates to the fertilizer for underwater plants whose foaming agent is 0.2-2 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of fertilizers.
Moreover, this invention relates to the fertilizer for underwater plants which accommodated one of the said fertilizers for underwater plants in the porous container with the hole diameter of 0.1-1 mm.
Furthermore, this invention relates to the fertilization method to an underwater plant using the said fertilizer for underwater plants.
本発明の水中植物用肥料は、水との接触により気体を発生する成分を含有するので、発泡により肥料の固結は防止され、肥料は円滑に溶解し水中に放出される。特に、粒状肥料において下部の肥料粒に大きな荷重がかかるときあるいは水の揺動が小さいときに本発明の効果は特によく発揮される。例えば、管状の施肥装置を長軸が鉛直方向となるように設置した場合、あるいは、海や湖沼が凪ぎ状態にあるとき優れた効果を発揮する。
Since the fertilizer for underwater plants of this invention contains the component which generate | occur | produces gas by contact with water, solidification of the fertilizer is prevented by foaming, and a fertilizer melt | dissolves smoothly and is discharge | released in water. In particular, when a large load is applied to the lower fertilizer grains in the granular fertilizer or the fluctuation of the water is small, the effect of the present invention is exhibited particularly well. For example, an excellent effect is exhibited when a tubular fertilizer is installed so that the long axis is in the vertical direction, or when the sea or lake is in a rowing state.
以下、本発明のについて詳細に説明する。
本発明の水中植物用肥料は、水との接触により気体を発生する成分（以下、「気体発生成分」と云う）を含有することを特徴とするものである。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The fertilizer for underwater plants of the present invention is characterized by containing a component that generates gas upon contact with water (hereinafter referred to as “gas generating component”).
気体発生成分と肥料は、粒状又は粉状のいずれでもよいが、気体発生成分は発泡による固結防止の効果の観点から粉状が特に好ましく、肥料は取り扱い容易性の点から粒状が特に好ましく、その場合の粒子径としては0.5〜5mm程度のものが好適に使用される。 The gas generating component and the fertilizer may be either granular or powdery, but the gas generating component is particularly preferably powdered from the viewpoint of the effect of preventing caking due to foaming, and the fertilizer is particularly preferably granular from the viewpoint of ease of handling, In this case, a particle size of about 0.5 to 5 mm is preferably used.
本発明の水中植物用肥料は気体発生成分を含有するものであるが、その態様としては、気体発生成分と肥料を混合して使用することが望ましい。混合は均一になるように混合することが望ましいが、水中に設置した状態の水中施肥装置の下部に気体発生成分が多く偏在するような混合状態となっても構わない。また、別の態様として、気体発生成分を肥料と一体化させる場合は、できるだけ水を使わずに造粒する方法が好ましく、例えば、粉状の気体発生成分を粒状肥料に圧密化させて一体化させる方法、あるいは、粉状の気体発生成分と粉状の肥料とを加圧造粒する方法などが挙げられる。このような方法によって両者を一体化させたものに、必要ならばさらに気体発生成分を混合してもよい。 Although the fertilizer for underwater plants of this invention contains a gas generating component, it is desirable to mix and use a gas generating component and a fertilizer as the aspect. The mixing is desirably performed so that the mixture is uniform, but a mixed state in which many gas generating components are unevenly distributed in the lower part of the underwater fertilizer installed in water may be used. As another aspect, when integrating the gas generating component with the fertilizer, a method of granulating without using water as much as possible is preferable. For example, the powdered gas generating component is consolidated into the granular fertilizer and integrated. And a method of pressure granulating a powdery gas generating component and a powdered fertilizer. If necessary, a gas generating component may be further mixed with the one obtained by integrating both by such a method.
肥料の種類としては、水中植物に肥効を示すものであれば特に限定されないが、窒素成分及び／又はリン成分を含有するものが好適である。例えば、硫酸アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、硝酸アンモニウム、硝酸ナトリウム、硝酸カリウム、過リン酸石灰、重過リン酸石灰、リン酸ナトリウム、リン酸カリウム、ポリリン酸カリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウム、リン酸一アンモニウム、リン酸二アンモニウム等が挙げられる。 The type of fertilizer is not particularly limited as long as it shows a fertilizing effect on underwater plants, but those containing a nitrogen component and / or a phosphorus component are suitable. For example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lime superphosphate, sodium biperphosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, potassium polyphosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, phosphorus Examples include monoammonium acid and diammonium phosphate.
気体発生成分は、発泡剤と水溶性固体酸からなるものであることが好ましい。尚、両者はよく混合されていることが好ましい。発泡剤としては、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、アルカリ金属炭酸水素塩、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウムのうち１種以上からなるものが好ましい。アルカリ金属炭酸塩とアルカリ金属炭酸水素塩の具体例として、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等が挙げられる。水溶性固体酸とは、水に溶けて酸性を示すものを云う。水溶性固体酸としては有機酸と無機酸のいずれでも良く、有機酸としてはクエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、フマル酸、アスコルビン酸等が挙げられ、無機酸としてはホウ酸、リン酸二水素カリウム等が挙げられる。これら水溶性固体酸は単独または２種以上を併用してもよい。 The gas generating component is preferably composed of a foaming agent and a water-soluble solid acid. In addition, it is preferable that both are mixed well. As a foaming agent, what consists of 1 or more types among alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydrogencarbonate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium hydrogencarbonate is preferable. Specific examples of the alkali metal carbonate and alkali metal bicarbonate include sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The water-soluble solid acid is an acid that dissolves in water and exhibits acidity. The water-soluble solid acid may be either an organic acid or an inorganic acid. Examples of the organic acid include citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, and ascorbic acid. Examples of the inorganic acid include boric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Etc. These water-soluble solid acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
発泡剤と水溶性固体酸の割合は、水との接触により気体が発生すれば特に制限はないが、水溶性固体酸に対する発泡剤の化学当量比が0.5〜2の範囲が好ましく、1〜1.5の範囲がさらに好ましい。1〜1.5の範囲であれば、気体を発生させるのに発泡剤と水溶性固体酸とを効率的に反応させることができるので最も好都合である。
また、肥料に対する気体発生成分の割合は、両者の混合形態、施肥装置に充填する肥料の量、種類や形状、施肥装置の種類、設置方法、湖沼水、河川水、海水等水質の種類、水温、発泡剤の種類等によって若干異なり適宜設定すれば良いが、肥料100質量部に対し発泡剤が0.2〜2質量部の範囲が好ましい。0.2質量部未満であれば、肥料の固結を十分に防止することが困難となり、一方、2質量部を超えても固結防止の効果は得られるが、コスト増となるため経済的ではない。
The ratio of the blowing agent and the water-soluble solid acid is not particularly limited as long as gas is generated by contact with water, but the chemical equivalent ratio of the blowing agent to the water-soluble solid acid is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2, preferably 1 to 1.5. The range of is more preferable. The range of 1 to 1.5 is most convenient because the blowing agent and the water-soluble solid acid can be efficiently reacted to generate gas.
The ratio of gas generating components to fertilizer is the mixing form of both, the amount of fertilizer to be filled in the fertilizer, the type and shape, the type of fertilizer, the installation method, the type of water quality such as lake water, river water, seawater, Depending on the type of foaming agent and the like, the foaming agent is preferably set in a range of 0.2 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the fertilizer. If it is less than 0.2 parts by mass, it becomes difficult to sufficiently prevent the fertilizer from consolidating. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2 parts by mass, the effect of preventing caking can be obtained, but it is not economical because it increases costs. .
本発明の水中植物用肥料の最適使用方法は、肥料を細孔を有する容器に収容して使用する方法である。収容する容器としては、孔径0.1〜1mmの多孔性容器が推奨される。前記孔径の範囲は、肥料の溶出速度を制御するための好適な範囲である。例えば、孔径が0.1mm未満となると、初期の海水流入に時間を要するため肥料成分の初期溶出が遅れたり、細孔数を極めて多数作成する手間が生じたりする。一方、孔径が1mmを超えると、単に孔数を調整しても溶出速度を調整することが著しく困難となる。
尚、多孔性容器の細孔の総面積は、肥料の種類、容器の形状、気体発生成分の種類や量的割合等によって異なるが、容器の全表面積に対して0.000001〜0.001であることが好ましい。また、藻類や異物などによって一部の細孔で閉塞が起きても支障の無いように、細孔の孔数は少なくとも5個以上であることが好ましい。
本発明では、水との接触によって気体発生成分から発生した気体が肥料の固結を防止するために有効に作用すると推定されるが、上記多孔性容器では細孔径と細孔面積が小さいため、発生した気体が容器に長時間滞留して容器内の圧力が高くなり固結防止の効果がより得られ易いと考えられる。
The optimum use method of the fertilizer for underwater plants of the present invention is a method in which the fertilizer is housed in a container having pores. As a container to be accommodated, a porous container having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm is recommended. The range of the pore diameter is a suitable range for controlling the elution rate of the fertilizer. For example, when the pore diameter is less than 0.1 mm, it takes time for the initial seawater inflow, so that the initial elution of the fertilizer component is delayed, and it takes time to create an extremely large number of pores. On the other hand, if the pore diameter exceeds 1 mm, it is extremely difficult to adjust the elution rate even if the number of pores is simply adjusted.
The total area of the pores of the porous container is preferably 0.000001 to 0.001 with respect to the total surface area of the container, although it varies depending on the type of fertilizer, the shape of the container, the type and quantitative ratio of the gas generating component, and the like. . Moreover, it is preferable that the number of pores is at least 5 or more so that there is no problem even if some of the pores are blocked by algae or foreign substances.
In the present invention, it is presumed that the gas generated from the gas generating component by contact with water effectively acts to prevent the solidification of the fertilizer, but in the porous container, since the pore diameter and the pore area are small, It is considered that the generated gas stays in the container for a long time, the pressure in the container increases, and the effect of preventing consolidation is more easily obtained.
また、上記多孔性容器の材質としてはポリエチレン樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等の可撓性材料、ポリ塩化ビニール樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂等の剛直性樹脂等が好んで使用されるが、必要に応じて、その保護のため、あるいはさらに肥料の溶出制御を行うために、上記多孔性容器を外装容器内に収容しても良い。外装容器についてはその使用目的に応じて、孔を有するものやネット状のもの等を適宜選択すればよい。 The porous container is preferably made of a flexible material such as polyethylene resin or polyester resin, or a rigid resin such as polyvinyl chloride resin or polypropylene resin. For this reason, or in order to further control the elution of the fertilizer, the porous container may be accommodated in an outer container. What is necessary is just to select suitably a thing with a hole, a net-shaped thing, etc. about an exterior container according to the use purpose.
上記の水中植物用施肥装置を用いた水中植物への施肥方法については、特に制限されることはなく、対象となる水中植物に効果的に施肥できるように前記施肥装置を海域あるいは淡水域の任意の場所に設置すればよい。
The fertilizing method for the underwater plant using the fertilizer for underwater plants is not particularly limited, and the fertilizer can be used in any sea area or fresh water area so that the target underwater plant can be effectively fertilized. Should be installed in the place.
以下、本発明の詳細を実施例を挙げて説明するが、本発明はそれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。尚、特に断らない限り％は全て質量％を示す。
肥料として、硫酸アンモニウム（住友化学株式会社製 肥料の名称「住友21.0硫酸アンモニア」、粒状）と、硝酸アンモニウム（住友化学株式会社製 肥料の名称「住友34.4防結性粒状硝酸アンモニア」、粒状）を用いた。
発泡剤として炭酸水素ナトリウムと炭酸ナトリウムを、水溶性固体酸としてクエン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸を用いた（いずれも和光純薬工業(株)製試薬、粉状）。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and the detail of this invention is demonstrated, this invention is not limited by those Examples. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, all% shows the mass%.
As fertilizer, ammonium sulfate (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. fertilizer name “Sumitomo 21.0 Ammonium Sulfate”, granular) and ammonium nitrate (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. fertilizer name “Sumitomo 34.4 Anti-agglomerated granular ammonium nitrate”, granular) were used. .
Sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium carbonate were used as the foaming agent, and citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid were used as the water-soluble solid acid (all of which were manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., powder).
〔実施例１〕
炭酸水素ナトリウム18.3ｇとクエン酸15.4ｇをよく混合したものを調製した後、硫酸アンモニウム1650ｇと混合して水中植物用肥料を作製した。
〔実施例２〜７〕
実施例１と同様にして、表１に示した原料と配合割合で水中植物用肥料を作製した。
〔比較例１〜３〕
実施例１と同様にして、表１に示した原料と配合割合で水中植物用肥料を作製した。
[Example 1]
A mixture of 18.3 g of sodium bicarbonate and 15.4 g of citric acid was prepared, and then mixed with 1650 g of ammonium sulfate to prepare an underwater plant fertilizer.
[Examples 2 to 7]
In the same manner as in Example 1, fertilizers for underwater plants were prepared with the raw materials and blending ratios shown in Table 1.
[Comparative Examples 1-3]
In the same manner as in Example 1, fertilizers for underwater plants were prepared with the raw materials and blending ratios shown in Table 1.
次に試験例を示す。
表１の水中植物用肥料をそれぞれ無孔のポリエチレン製のチューブタイプの袋（長さ700mm、幅100mm）に入れて開口部を密閉した。ただし、袋の封止部に挟まれた肥料収容部の長さは650mmとした。肥料収容部には0.5mm径の細孔を開けた。細孔の位置は、両端の封止部から各250mmの範囲内に等間隔となるように4箇所ずつとし、その反対面にも同様に細孔を開けた（細孔の数は合計16箇所）。この袋を肥料収容部のほぼ真ん中で２つ折りにして、折った部分は結束バンドで縛った。ただし、水中植物用肥料は、２つ折りでできた左右の部分にほぼ均等に分かれるようにした。
次に、10℃恒温器内において、容器に満たした人工海水中に、２つ折り部分が上になるようにして袋全体を完全に沈めた。沈めた時点からの袋の状態を経時的に観察した。尚、２つ折りにした左右の袋の経時状態はほぼ同じであった。ただし、細孔の孔径が小さいため、袋を人工海水中に沈めてからすぐには人工海水は袋内に流入せず、袋内の空気が抜け出た後(以下、「脱気」と云う)、人工海水が流入した。
Next, test examples are shown.
The fertilizer for underwater plants in Table 1 was put in a non-porous polyethylene tube-type bag (length 700 mm, width 100 mm), and the opening was sealed. However, the length of the fertilizer storage part sandwiched between the sealing parts of the bag was 650 mm. A 0.5 mm diameter pore was opened in the fertilizer container. The positions of the pores were 4 places so that they were equally spaced within a range of 250 mm from the sealed part at both ends, and the pores were similarly opened on the opposite side (the number of pores was 16 in total) ). This bag was folded in half in the middle of the fertilizer container, and the folded portion was tied with a binding band. However, the fertilizer for underwater plants was divided almost evenly into the left and right parts made up of two folds.
Next, in a 10 ° C. incubator, the entire bag was completely submerged in artificial seawater filled in a container so that the folded portion was up. The state of the bag from the time it was sunk was observed over time. In addition, the aging state of the left and right bags folded in half was almost the same. However, since the pore diameter is small, the artificial seawater does not flow into the bag immediately after the bag is submerged in the artificial seawater, but after the air in the bag escapes (hereinafter referred to as "deaeration") Artificial seawater flowed in.
実施例１と比較例１〜３の結果を表２に示した。尚、実施例２〜５は、実施例１とほぼ同様の結果を示した。また、実施例６と７は、2日目に下部の一部でやや擬似固結気味であった以外はシャーベット状であり、6日目まで同じ状態で経過した。 The results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2. Examples 2 to 5 showed almost the same results as Example 1. In addition, Examples 6 and 7 had a sherbet shape except that a part of the lower part was slightly pseudo-solidified on the second day, and the same state was passed until the sixth day.
試験開始6日目に、水中植物用肥料を袋からバットに移し替えて固結の程度を確認した。その結果、実施例１〜５は、塊のないシャーベット状であり、肥料粒同士固着はほとんど見られなかった。実施例６と７は、大部分がシャーベット状であったが、数粒単位の肥料粒同士の固着が少し見られた。尚、実施例７の方が固着した数が多かった。
一方、比較例１〜３では、一部がシャーベット状であったが、大きな塊がいくつも発生していた。
On the 6th day from the start of the test, the fertilizer for underwater plants was transferred from the bag to the vat to confirm the degree of consolidation. As a result, Examples 1-5 were the sherbet shape without a lump, and the fertilizer particle | grain adhesion | attachment was hardly seen. Most of Examples 6 and 7 were sherbet-like, but some fixation of fertilizer grains in units of several grains was observed. In addition, the number of Example 7 was larger.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, some were sherbet-like, but many large lumps were generated.
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