JP4818311B2 - Nori culture fertilizer container - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fertilizer container for nori culture, and more particularly to a fertilizer container for nori culture that is useful for preventing discoloration of seaweed generated due to lack of nutrient components such as nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater during the nori culture process.

  In recent years, the supply of nutrients from rivers has declined due to the widespread use of sewerage systems and the tightening of factory drainage regulations. As a result, the nitrogen and phosphorus necessary for nori cultivation have become insufficient, resulting in frequent discoloration of cultured nori. It has become. Since the quality of the discolored seaweed has deteriorated, the sales unit price has been significantly reduced or disposed of, and in some cases, the nutrients have been lowered, resulting in a situation where the aquaculture has to be terminated early, and the production volume has been reduced. There has also been a significant decrease.

  As a countermeasure against such discoloration of cultured seaweed, a method of supplying nitrogen and phosphorus by fertilizing a seaweed farm has been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a fertilizer laver netting bar that can be installed under the sea surface. This fertilizer laver netting bar has a floating member inside and outside, and has a large number of holes through which seawater flows in and out, and has a space for filling with fertilizer, and can be installed under the sea surface. However, when such a container is used, it is difficult to control the elution of fertilizer components with pores of this size, and it is practically necessary to use a slow-release material such as coated granular fertilizer. It becomes. In this case, since the covering material remains even after elution is completed, the inside of the extender bar must be cleaned once and refilled with the coated fertilizer when used continuously. There are problems such as poor workability.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a porous fertilizer container attached to any one of a laver farm, a laver farm net, and a nori bar for laver farm nets. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the opening rate of the fertilizer container is at least 1%, and when such a fertilizer container having a high opening rate is used, elution is completed in a very short time with a normal fertilizer. For this reason, it is necessary to use a material such as the above-described elution control type coated fertilizer.

Patent Document 3 proposes a method of fertilizing by installing a rope or net with a fertilizer container on top of a seaweed aquaculture net. However, in this method as well as Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the fertilizer component is a single container, the pore diameter is as large as 2 mm according to the embodiment, and the usual fertilizer (uncoated fertilizer) elutes the fertilizer component. However, it is necessary to use a slow-release fertilizer such as coated fertilizer because it is too early. .
Under such circumstances, there is a strong demand for fertilizer containers for laver culture that can be used with normal fertilizers and do not rapidly leach out fertilizer components.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-169001 JP 2002-84905 A JP 2002-84904 A

In view of the present situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer container for nori culture, which can use normal fertilizers and does not have a rapid elution of fertilizer components, and is particularly useful for preventing and recovering nodding color loss.
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies on a fertilizer container for nori cultivation that is normally useful for fertilizer use and no drastic elution of fertilizer components, and particularly for preventing and recovering laver discoloration. The present inventors have found that a fertilizer container for nori culture can solve the above-mentioned problems, and has completed the present invention based on such knowledge.

That is, the present invention provides: (1) The hole diameter of the cylindrical container is 2 to 20 mm, the ratio of the total area of the holes to the total outer surface area of the cylindrical container is 0.001 to 0.1, and the number of holes is at least 4 or more A cylindrical container having an inner diameter of 50 to 250 mm and a length of 500 to 2,000 mm, having an opening / closing part in at least one of the cylinders, and the fertilizer filling container having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm, The present invention relates to a fertilizer container for nori culture, in which a fertilizer filling container having a ratio of the total pore area to the outer total surface area of 0.000001 to 0.001 and at least five pores is provided.
Moreover, this invention relates to the fertilization container for laver culture of (1) description whose (2) cylindrical container is a cylindrical container.

  The fertilizer container for seaweed cultivation of the present invention is configured so that the fertilizer components are not eluted rapidly and the fertilizer components are stably eluted for a desired period of time, so that nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater are reduced. Of course, it is effective for prevention of color fading and its recovery, as well as for use as a normal fertilizer component feeder when there is a concern. Furthermore, the fertilization container for seaweed culture according to the present invention is configured to facilitate the fertilization container attachment work and the fertilizer supply work in a narrow ark, and therefore has labor saving and excellent work efficiency.

  Furthermore, since the fertilization container for nori culture of the present invention has a two-layer structure of a cylindrical container and a fertilizer filling container built in the container, the influence of external factors such as ocean current and seaweed is minimal. The fertilizer component can be eluted with stability for a desired period. That is, since the fertilization container for seaweed culture of the present invention has a two-layer structure, it can be used for normal fertilizer instead of expensive coated fertilizer, and the fertilizer components can be stably eluted for a desired period of time. Its shape is simple, it can be manufactured at low cost, it is economical, and its industrial significance is tremendous.

Hereinafter, the fertilization container for nori culture of the present invention will be described in more detail.
The material of the cylindrical container of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a thermoplastic resin such as a polyester resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, and a polyamide resin is desirable from the viewpoint of light weight, workability, and economy, Reinforcing and weathering resins are desirable. In particular, vinyl chloride resin and polypropylene resin are desirable from the viewpoint of seawater resistance and economy. It is more economical to use commercially available polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene pipes and the like.

  Speaking of the shape and the like of the cylindrical container of the present invention, it is necessary that the inner diameter is 50 to 250 mm and the length is in the range of 500 to 2,000 mm. If the inner diameter is 50 mm or less, the amount of fertilizer that can be filled is small, and it is difficult to replace the fertilizer filling container described later, so that the practicality is low, and if it is 250 mm or more, the workability on a narrow ship such as an ark is deteriorated. . The same applies to the length of the cylindrical container. When the length is shorter than 500 mm, the fertilizer filling amount is small, so that the practicality is low. The shape may be triangular, quadrangular, or more polygonal in cross section. The most desirable shape is a circle from the viewpoint of manufacturability and workability such as handling.

  At least one cylinder of such a cylindrical container has an opening / closing port part through which the fertilizer filling container enters and exits. The structure of the opening / closing port may be any structure as long as the fertilizer filling container can be taken in and out. For example, it may be a door or a screwed cap as shown in FIG. Moreover, in the case of long, you may have an opening-and-closing opening part in the both ends of a pipe | tube. In the case of long, if it exists in both ends, the replacement | exchange operation | work of the container for fertilizer filling will become still easier.

  Next, regarding the holes of this cylindrical container, the hole diameter is 2 to 20 mm, and the total area of the holes is 0.001 to 0.1 with respect to the total outer surface area of the cylindrical container. The number of holes needs to be at least 4 or more in order to avoid danger such as blockage of the hole, and the number of holes should be larger as the hole diameter is smaller. The shape of the hole may be a triangle, a quadrangle, or a regular polygon larger than that. A circular shape is particularly preferable. Since the hole has a function of the elution port of the fertilizer component eluted from the pore of the fertilizer filling container described later, the hole should be evenly drilled on the entire surface of the container so that the fertilizer component diffuses over the entire surface of the laver. Is preferred. If the hole diameter is 2 mm or less, there is a risk that the hole may be blocked due to adhesion of algae during nori cultivation.If the hole diameter is 20 mm or more, the fertilizer in the fertilizer filling container is affected by the ocean current and so on. This causes non-uniformity of elution of the fertilizer component such as elution of the fertilizer component, and makes it difficult to elute the fertilizer component stably for a desired period. In addition, when the total surface area of the holes is 0.001 or less with respect to the total surface area outside the container, the fertilizer components eluted from the fertilizer filling container may not be eluted quickly, and when it is 0.1 or more, there is a relationship with the hole diameter. The influence of ocean currents increases, making it difficult to elute fertilizer components stably for a desired period.

  Next, as for the fertilizer filling container installed in the cylindrical container, polyethylene resin is recommended as a material from the viewpoint of economy and durability, but it is not particularly limited thereto. The fertilizer filling container may be, for example, a commercially available PVC pipe, or may be a foldable, for example, cylindrical bag similar to a cylindrical container. The outer diameter of the fertilizer filling container needs to be slightly smaller than the inner diameter in order to insert it into the cylindrical container. A diameter is preferred. Speaking of the pore diameter of the fertilizer filling container, it is important that the diameter is 0.1 to 1 mm, and the elution rate is greatly influenced by the diameter of the pore. For example, if this is 0.1 mm or less, it takes time for the initial seawater inflow to delay the initial elution of fertilizer components, or it is necessary to create an extremely large number of pores. Even if it is adjusted, it becomes extremely difficult to control the elution rate. Next, the total area of the pores of the fertilizer filling container needs to be 0.000001 to 0.001 with respect to the entire outer surface area, and if it is outside this range, the elution rate of the fertilizer components can be controlled in the same manner as the pore diameter. It becomes difficult. Furthermore, the number of pores needs to be at least 5 or more, in order to avoid clogging of the pores due to algae, foreign matters, etc., and maintain a stable dissolution property. In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a creation method of a pore, For example, what is necessary is just to drill by the needle hole currently used industrially, laser irradiation, etc.

  Further, as the type of fertilizer component used in the present invention, a nitrogen-based or phosphate-based fertilizer component is suitable, and as the nitrogen-based one, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, etc. can be used, Moreover, as phosphoric acid type | system | group, a superphosphate lime, a heavy superphosphate lime, a sodium phosphate, a potassium phosphate, a potassium polyphosphate, a phytic acid etc. can be used, Furthermore, a nitrogen type and a phosphate type As the fertilizer component, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and the like can be used.

  Furthermore, as for the fertilizer component to be used, the granular material which adjusted the particle diameter is used for all, and the particle diameter uses about 0.5-3 mm. That is, it is not preferable to use fertilizer salt as a powdery product without granulating, because it may hinder filling work and subsequent heat sealing work due to static electricity. As the fertilizer used in the present invention, a commercially available normal fertilizer having such a particle size adjusted is most economical, and the effect of the present invention is best exhibited, but does not hinder the use of the coated granular fertilizer. In addition, the fertilizer container for nori culture of the present invention can be used not only in floating fishing grounds, but also in pillar-type fishing grounds and other fishing grounds.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited to these. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, all% shows the mass%.

<Creation of cylindrical container>
Table 1 shows the shape and the like of the cylindrical container of the fertilizer container for nori culture used in the present invention, and FIG. In addition, the cylindrical container processed and used the commercially available pipe | tube.

<Making a fertilizer filling container>
The shape of the fertilizer filling container used in the present invention is shown in Table 2. Further, a predetermined amount of granular ammonium sulfate (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., particle size 0.5-2 mm, apparent specific gravity 1.1 g / cm ³ ) was filled as a fertilizer, and then heat sealed to seal the fertilizer filling container. The amount of ammonium sulfate charged in this case is also shown in Table 2. The fertilizer filling container was made of polyethylene and had a thickness of 0.16 mm, and the total length was about 100 mm longer than the length of each filling part.

  Next, a fertilizer filling container filled with granular ammonium sulfate shown in Table 2 was inserted into a cylindrical container shown in Table 1 and then covered, and fertilizer containers for nori culture shown in Tables 3 and 5 were prepared.

  Next, the prepared fertilizer container for nori culture shown in Table 3 was installed at a floating nori culture site at Harima Pass in Hyogo Prefecture, and the workability, durability, and elution of ammonium sulfate were evaluated.

First, in order to examine the thickness of the cylindrical container, three each of the fertilization containers for nori culture in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in Table 3 are placed at the position 12 shown in FIG. Locked with a rope and installed it for a week to study workability.
As a result, the comparative example 2 has a large container diameter, so the workability in a narrow ark is poor, and the comparative example 1 has a small amount of fertilizer, so it is not suitable because the number of installations is extremely large. It was. On the other hand, in Examples 1 to 3, there was no problem in workability and the elution of granular ammonium sulfate was good.

Next, in order to examine the length of the cylindrical container, three each of the fertilizer containers for nori culture of Examples 2 and 4 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were similarly installed for one week. As a result, when the tube length is 4 m as in Comparative Example 3, it is difficult to perform the locking operation in a narrow ark and the replacement work of the fertilizer filling container, and conversely in Comparative Example 4 where the tube length is as short as 0.3 m, ammonium sulfate is used. It was found that it was not suitable as a fertilizer container for nori culture because of the small amount of filling and the number of installations increased.
On the other hand, in Examples 2 and 4 where the tube length was 1 and 2 m, the workability on the ark was good.

In order to examine the diameter and number of holes provided in the cylindrical container and the ratio of the total area of the holes to the total outer surface area of the container, each of the fertilization containers for laver culture of Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7 It was installed at the seaweed farming site and collected after 2, 5, and 10 days, and the state of the container was checked and the amount of ammonium sulfate remaining in the fertilizer filling container was analyzed. The results are shown in Table 4.
From Table 4, compared with Comparative Examples 5-7 , Examples 5-7 showed the comparatively stable elution property. In particular, in the case of the hole diameter of 1 mm in Comparative Example 5 , the hole of the container seemed to be closed due to adhesion of seaweed and the like. Since Comparative Example 6 had a large pore diameter, it was strongly affected by ocean currents and eluted in a short period of time. Comparative Example 7 had a small number of holes and a small area ratio of pores, so that the dissolution rate was small.

  As for the material of the cylindrical container, only three of them were installed at the nori culture site for the fertilization containers for nori culture of Example 2 and Example 8, and recovered after one week. There was no difference in the properties, and there was almost no difference in the elution properties of ammonium sulfate.

  Subsequently, the influence which the container for fertilizer filling has on the elution property of ammonium sulfate was examined. Table 5 shows the fertilization containers for nori culture, which were produced in the same manner as in Table 3.

The prepared fertilizer container for nori culture shown in Table 5 was installed at the above-mentioned nori culture site, and the dissolution property of ammonium sulfate was evaluated. First, in order to examine the pore diameter of the fertilizer filling container, six each of the fertilizer containers for nori culture in Examples 9 to 11 and Comparative Examples 8 and 9 were attached to the position 12 shown in FIG. The two were collected every time and the elution of ammonium sulfate was determined. The results are shown in Table 6. In addition, it turned out that the pore diameter of the container for fertilizer filling has a great influence on the elution property of ammonium sulfate, and shows a stable elution property in the range of 0.1-1 mm. In Comparative Example 8 , the pore diameter and the area ratio of the pores were too small, and the dissolution rate was too small. In Comparative Example 9, the pore diameter was too large and eluted in a short period of time.

Next, in order to examine the number of pores of the fertilizer filling container, each of the six fermented containers for nori culture in Examples 12 to 15 and Comparative Example 10 shown in Table 5 was placed at the position 12 shown in FIG. Locked with a rope for 10 days, two were collected every time, and the elution rate of ammonium sulfate was determined. The results are shown in Table 7. This shows that the correlation between the number of pores and the dissolution rate is high, but at least 5 pores are necessary to obtain a stable dissolution rate.

Next, in order to confirm the effect of preventing discoloration of the cultured seaweed, 400 pieces of fertilization containers for seaweed cultivation of Example 14 used in the present invention were applied to 11 ropes shown in FIG. Locked. In this case, four nori culture fertilization containers were locked at almost equal intervals per 11 ropes. Two pieces of laver leaf bodies collected on the 2nd, 5th, and 10th days before and after locking were overlapped and the SPAD value was measured (Konica Minolta Co., Ltd., chlorophyll measuring instrument SPAD-502). In addition, the nori leaf bodies for SPAD value measurement were collected from the central part of the first and third nori nets from the rope in which the fertilizer container for nori culture was installed. On the same day as the above test, nori leaf bodies were collected using the nori culture area not affected by ammonium sulfate eluted from the test area as a control area, and the SPAD value was measured in the same manner. These results are shown in Table 8. From this, the value showed a value higher than the leaf body extract | collected with the laver net which has not installed the fertilization container for noriculture, and it turned out that the fertilization container for noriculture of this invention is effective.
In addition, the following SPAD value is displayed as a value indicating the amount of chlorophyll in seaweed.

The cylindrical container of the present invention is shown, and one end is fixed with a lid, and the remaining one end is a view showing a state in which it can be opened and closed by screwing. It is a figure which shows an example of the container for fertilizer filling, and is a figure which shows the state which sealed the both ends with the heat seal after filling a fertilizer in the container with which both ends opened. It is a figure which shows an example of the latching method of the fertilization container for nori culture in a culture nori net (floating type fishing ground).

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylindrical container 2 Lid that can be opened and closed 3 Sealed lid 4 Hole through which rope for fixing the body 5 Hole in cylindrical container 6 Fertilizer filling container 7 Heat seal sealing part of fertilizer filling container 8 Fine fertilizer filling container Hole 9 Nori culture net 10 Float 11 Rope that locks the fertilizer container for nori culture 12 Fertilization container for nori culture

Claims (2)

The hole diameter of the cylindrical container is 2 to 20 mm, the ratio of the total area of the holes to the outer total surface area of the cylindrical container is 0.001 to 0.1, and the inner diameter is 50 to 250 mm and the length is at least 4 or more. A cylindrical container of 500 to 2,000 mm, having an opening and closing part on at least one of the cylinders, and the pore diameter of the fertilizer filling container is 0.1 to 1 mm, and the total number of pores relative to the total outer surface area of the container A fertilizer container for nori culture, in which a fertilizer filling container having an area ratio of 0.000001 to 0.001 and at least 5 pores is provided . Cylindrical container seaweed aquaculture fertilization container according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical container.

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