JP2012250893A - Fertilizer for laver culture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce a time lag from installation of a fertilizer container until an elution start of a fertilizer, when the fertilizer container is installed so that its major axis is placed in the horizontal direction (in the laterally suspended state) in a laver cultivation area.SOLUTION: This fertilizer for laver culture includes in terms of anhydrides, 0.5-25 pts.mass one or more kinds selected from a group comprising calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate and hygroscopic urea to a 100 pts.mass fertilizer as it is containing nitrogen and/or phosphoric acid (excluding calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate).

Description

The present invention relates to a nori culture fertilizer, and more particularly to a nori culture fertilizer containing a hygroscopic compound.

As a countermeasure against discoloration of cultured seaweed, fertilizers containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid are applied to the seaweed farms. Various techniques relating to fertilizer containers have been developed. The applicant of the present application is able to apply a normal fertilizer that is not coated with a resin or the like by controlling the elution hole of the fertilization container, and further, a technique relating to a fertilization container for nori cultivation that can stably elute fertilizer components for a desired period Disclosed (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2009-273424 A JP 2009-273425 A

However, in the laver culture site, when the cylindrical or tubular fertilizer for laver culture described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is installed (side-hanging) so that the major axis of the container is in the horizontal direction, There was a problem that the start of elution of fertilizer components was delayed because the seawater hardly flowed in. Therefore, a method for reducing the time lag from the installation of the fertilizer container to the start of elution of fertilizer components has been desired. Furthermore, establishment of a method for controlling the elution rate by a method other than the control of the diameter and number of elution holes has been desired.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a noriculture fertilizer contains a hygroscopic and / or deliquescent compound (hereinafter referred to as “hygroscopic compound”). It has been found that the inflow (introduction) of seawater into the container is significantly promoted.

  Furthermore, if calcium sulfate and / or calcium phosphate fine particles (hereinafter referred to as “calcium salt fine particles”) are present in the fertilizer application container, the rapid elution of fertilizer components is suppressed, and there is a tendency for stable elution over a long period of time. I found it. The method of allowing the calcium salt fine particles to exist in the fertilizer container is as follows: (1) a method of generating calcium salt fine particles by chemical reaction between dissolved compounds in the fertilizer container after inflow of seawater; (2) It is the method of making it contain in the fertilizer for culture. In the method (1), a calcium compound is selected as the hygroscopic compound, and a compound containing a sulfate group and / or a phosphate group that can generate calcium salt fine particles by reaction with the calcium compound is used. . As a compound containing the sulfate group and / or phosphate group, a fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and the like, and compounds other than the fertilizer Examples thereof include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and magnesium sulfate.

The present invention has been completed based on the above findings and is as follows.
(1) For 100 parts by mass of fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid (excluding calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate), from calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate and hygroscopic urea A fertilizer for nori cultivation, comprising one or more hygroscopic compounds selected from the group consisting of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass in anhydrous conversion.
(2) The nori culture fertilizer according to the above (1), wherein the hygroscopic compound is one or both of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, and further, sodium sulfate with respect to 1 mol of the hygroscopic compound, A fertilizer for laver culture containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in a proportion of 1 to 3 mol.
(3) The laver-cultivating fertilizer according to (1) or (2) above, and further for 100 parts by mass of fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid (excluding calcium phosphate), A fertilizer for nori cultivation containing either one or both of calcium sulfate (powder) and calcium phosphate (powder) in a ratio of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass in terms of anhydrous.
(4) Fertilizers containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid are ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, diphosphoric acid phosphate The above (1) to (3) which are at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium hydrogen, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, lime superphosphate and lime heavy superphosphate. The fertilizer for seaweed culture according to any one of (1).
(5) A fertilizer container for laver culture in which the fertilizer for laver culture according to any one of (1) to (4) is housed in a porous container having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm.

  According to the present invention, in particular, when a cylindrical or tubular fertilizer container is suspended horizontally, the introduction of seawater into the fertilizer container is promoted by the hygroscopic compound, so that from the installation of the fertilizer container to the elution of fertilizer components It has the advantage that the time lag is small. Furthermore, when calcium salt fine particles are present in the fertilizer container, there is an advantage that rapid elution of fertilizer components is suppressed and stable elution can be obtained for a long period of time.

It is the figure which showed the elution progress of the fertilizer for nori culture in Examples 1-9. It is the figure which showed the dissolved state (shape) of the nori culture fertilizer of the test start day 6 in Example 1. FIG. It is the figure which showed the dissolution state (shape) of the nori culture fertilizer of the test start 6th in the comparative example 1. FIG.

Hereinafter, the fertilizer for laver culture of the present invention will be described in detail.
The hygroscopic compound used in the present invention has hygroscopicity and / or deliquescence, and is calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate and hygroscopic urea. The compound may be granular or powdery. Examples of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium nitrate that can be used include commercially available reagents, industrial grade products, and by-products. Here, hygroscopic urea is different from commercially available urea whose surface is entirely covered with a surface treatment agent such as a moisture absorption inhibitor for the purpose of preventing moisture absorption, etc., and the urea surface is coated with a surface treatment agent. It has a part which is not formed, that is, a part where urea itself is exposed. Specific examples of the hygroscopic urea include urea not coated with a surface treatment agent, or urea obtained by pulverizing urea coated with a surface treatment agent to expose an uncoated portion.

  The fertilizer for seaweed cultivation of the present invention is based on 100 parts by mass of fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid (excluding calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate; however, the description is omitted in the following). One or more hygroscopic compounds selected from the group consisting of the hygroscopic compounds are contained in a proportion of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass as hygroscopic compounds converted to anhydrous. If the ratio is less than 0.5 parts by mass, the effect of promoting the introduction of seawater into the fertilizer container cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if the ratio exceeds 25 parts by mass, the amount of fertilizer that can be accommodated in the fertilizer container is relatively reduced, and the hygroscopic power is increased, so that it is difficult to store the nori culture fertilizer. As for the said ratio, 3-15 mass parts is more preferable, More preferably, it is 5-10 mass parts. The fertilizer in the present invention is preferably a granular fertilizer.

  Furthermore, in the nori culture fertilizer of the present invention, it is one of preferred embodiments that the calcium salt fine particles are present in the fertilizer container. As described above, the method for causing the calcium salt fine particles to be present in the fertilizer container is as follows: (1) In the fertilizer container after inflow of seawater, a method of generating calcium salt fine particles by a chemical reaction between dissolved compounds, (2) calcium salt There are two methods, for example, a method in which fine particles are previously contained in a fertilizer for nori cultivation. In the present invention, any one or both of the methods (1) and (2) can be used.

  When the calcium salt fine particles are present in the fertilizer container by the method (1) or (2), the rapid elution of the fertilizer component is suppressed, and the effect of being stably eluted over a long period of time can be obtained. Such an elution stabilizing effect is particularly prominent when the elution hole diameter of the fertilizer application container is 0.1 to 1 mm. The reason for this is not clear, but as a mechanism of the elution stabilization effect, in addition to the moderate blockage of the elution pores by the calcium salt fine particles, the physicochemical relationship between the calcium salt fine particles and the hygroscopic compound from the state of FIG. It is surmised that the obstruction caused by the involvement also contributes.

  First, the method (1) will be described. As the hygroscopic compound, at least one or both of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate is selected. The calcium compound (hereinafter referred to as “Compound A”) is preferable because of its high solubility in water. On the other hand, the compound (hereinafter referred to as “compound B”) capable of reacting with compound A to form calcium salt fine particles contains a sulfate group and / or a phosphate group (hereinafter referred to as “acid group”). In particular, those that readily dissociate acid radicals after dissolution, that is, water-soluble sulfates and water-soluble phosphates are preferred.

  Regarding the quantitative ratio of Compound A and Compound B, the reaction of Compound A and Compound B in a fertilizer container and the amount of Compound A that can be contained as described above are limited. The acid radical molar ratio of Compound B is preferably 1 or more.

  Compound B is a compound having poor fertilizer effect, that is, one containing no nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid (hereinafter referred to as “compound B1”), or a fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid, and a sulfate radical And / or fertilizers containing phosphate groups, that is, fertilizers containing nitrogen and / or phosphate and sulfate groups and / or phosphate groups (hereinafter referred to as “compound B2”). As described above, when compound B2 is used, both compound B1 and compound B2 may be contained in the nori culture fertilizer, but generally when compound B2 is used, compound B1 is contained. There is no need.

  Examples of compound B1 include sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate. Among these, one or more compounds can be used. Since the compound B1 is poor in fertilizer effect on laver, it is preferable that the amount applied is small. Specifically, it is preferable to contain the compound B1 in a ratio of 1 to 3 moles relative to 1 mole of the compound A in the nori culture fertilizer. The ratio is more preferably 1 to 2 mol. The application of the compound B1 is particularly effective when the fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid does not contain sulfate radicals and / or phosphate radicals, such as ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, urea (surface This is when the one coated with the treatment agent is selected. Among the specific examples, ammonium nitrate or urea is preferable because of its high nitrogen content.

  Preferred examples of the compound B2 include ammonium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium dihydrogen phosphate. Among these, one or more compounds can be used. Since the compound B2 has a fertilizing effect on nori, its application amount can be arbitrarily set, but it is preferable to make the ratio of the nori culture fertilizer as high as possible. Among the above compounds, ammonium sulfate is particularly preferable because it contains a nitrogen component.

  Next, the method (2), that is, a method of previously containing calcium salt fine particles in a nori culture fertilizer will be described. In this method, it is preferable to use calcium sulfate and / or calcium phosphate powder (hereinafter referred to as “compound B3”). Calcium sulfate may be half water or two water, but two water is preferable from the viewpoint of stability during storage. Examples of calcium phosphate include calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate, but hydroxyapatite may also be used. The amount of compound B3 added may be reduced when used in combination with the method (1) and increased when not used in combination with the method (1). In order to exhibit the effects of the present invention, nitrogen and / or It is preferable that compound B3 is a ratio of 0.5-25 mass parts in anhydrous conversion with respect to 100 mass parts of fertilizer containing phosphoric acid.

  The fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid and can generally be used as a fertilizer. However, since it is necessary to dissolve in seawater, those having a high proportion of water-soluble components are preferred. Since seawater contains a relatively large amount of potassium and magnesium components, it is more efficient to use a fertilizer that does not contain potassium and magnesium components. Specific examples of fertilizers containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid, including those listed above, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, urea (coated with a surface treatment agent), phosphoric acid Diammonium hydrogen, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, lime superphosphate and lime heavy superphosphate One or more of these can be selected as appropriate. Of the fertilizers listed above, ammonium sulfate and urea are preferred. Further, the shape of the fertilizer may be granular or powdery, but the effect of the present invention is best exhibited in the granular form.

  In the present invention, a particularly preferred combination of a fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid and a hygroscopic compound is ammonium sulfate and calcium chloride. In the above combination, the effect of promoting the inflow of seawater is well exhibited while increasing the content of the fertilizer component in the nori culture fertilizer. Further, it is presumed to be due to the mechanism of the elution stabilization effect, but the elution of the fertilizer components from the fertilizer container is stabilized. A laver culture fertilizer containing calcium chloride in an amount of 5 to 10 parts by mass in terms of anhydrous with respect to 100 parts by mass of ammonium sulfate is particularly preferable, and more preferably, the laver culture fertilizer is ammonium chloride and chloride. It consists only of calcium.

As a method for containing the above-mentioned various compounds in the nori culture fertilizer of the present invention, the above-mentioned various compounds may be used as a raw material, and this may be granulated. That is, it is preferable to mix the granular fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid and other various compounds. In the case of mixing, it is desirable to select a mixing method as appropriate and to mix as uniformly as possible.
In addition, the nori culture fertilizer of the present invention contains those appropriately selected from the above-mentioned various compounds, but in order to increase the proportion of the fertilizer components in the fertilizer container, other than the above-mentioned various compounds It is desirable not to contain as much as possible. When the standard of the content of fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid in the nori culture fertilizer is shown, the fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid is 70 to 99.5 mass% in the nori culture fertilizer It is preferable to contain, The more preferable range of the said ratio is 80-99.5 mass%.

  The optimum method for using the nori culture fertilizer of the present invention obtained as described above is a method in which the nori culture fertilizer is housed and used in a fertilizer container having elution holes composed of pores. As the container to be accommodated, a porous container having an elution hole diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm is recommended. The range of the pore diameter is a suitable range for controlling the elution rate of the fertilizer. For example, if the pore diameter is less than 0.1 mm, even if a hygroscopic compound is present in the fertilizer container, it takes time for the initial seawater inflow, so the elution start time of the fertilizer component may be delayed. It is not preferable to produce a large number because the labor and labor of production increase. On the other hand, if the pore diameter exceeds 1 mm, it is extremely difficult to adjust the elution rate by adjusting the number of elution holes, and it is difficult to properly block the elution holes even if calcium salt fine particles are present in the fertilizer container. Presumed to be the cause, it is difficult to stabilize elution. In addition, although the total area of the elution hole of a porous container changes with kinds of fertilizer, the shape of a container, etc., it is preferable that it is 0.000001-0.001 with respect to the total surface area of a container. Moreover, it is preferable that the number of elution holes is at least 5 or more so that there is no problem even if some elution holes are blocked by algae or foreign substances. Moreover, the shape of a fertilizer container has a preferable cylindrical shape or a tubular thing from a viewpoint of the installation efficiency to a laver culture site.

  As a material for the fertilizer container, a flexible material such as polyethylene resin or polyester resin, or a rigid resin such as polyvinyl chloride resin or polypropylene resin can be used. Moreover, you may accommodate the said fertilization container in an exterior container as needed, in order to perform the elution control of a fertilizer for protection of a fertilizer container. What is necessary is just to select suitably a thing with a hole, a net-shaped thing, etc. about an exterior container according to the use purpose. As an exterior container, the thing of patent document 2 (Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2009-273425) can be illustrated.

The fertilizer for laver culture of the present invention is installed in the vicinity of a laver culture net in the floating or laver farm or the column type laver farm with the cylindrical or tubular fertilizer container containing the fertilizer for laver culture of the present invention. The effect is best exhibited when locked to a horizontal rope or rod in a horizontal position.

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and the detail of this invention is demonstrated, this invention is not limited by those Examples.
[1] Fertilizers containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid are hereinafter abbreviated as “fertilizers”.
-As fertilizer, ammonium sulfate (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. fertilizer name “Sumitomo 21.0 Ammonium Sulfate”, granular), ammonium nitrate (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. fertilizer name “Sumitomo 34.4 Anti-agglomerated granular ammonium nitrate”, granular) were used. .
[2] As compounds other than fertilizer,
-As the hygroscopic compound, calcium chloride dihydrate and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (both reagents manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., powder) were used.
-Sodium sulfate (anhydride) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. reagent, crystal form) was used as compound B1.
-As compound B3, calcium sulfate dihydrate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. reagent, powder) and tricalcium phosphate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, reagent, powder) were used.
In the following, the above compound will be referred to as a compound name without crystal water. The quantity is indicated in terms of anhydrous conversion.

[Example 1]
750 g of ammonium sulfate and 75 g of calcium chloride were mixed well to produce a fertilizer for nori culture.
[Examples 2 to 9]
The raw materials shown in Table 1 were mixed well to prepare a nori culture fertilizer.
[Comparative Examples 1-3]
The raw materials shown in Table 1 were mixed well to prepare a nori culture fertilizer.

[Fertilization container]
After storing the nori culture fertilizer in Table 1 in a non-porous polyethylene tube-type bag (length: 500 mm, folding width: 90 mm), the opening was sealed with a heat sealer. The length of the fertilizer storage part sandwiched between the sealing parts of the bag was 400 mm. As an elution hole, a pore having a diameter of about 0.5 mm was provided. Five elution holes were provided at equal intervals in the length direction of the fertilizer storage section, and pores were similarly provided on the opposite surface (the total number of the pores was 10).

Next, test examples are shown.
A shaker set at 10 ° C. (manufactured by Taitec Co., Ltd., large-sized constant temperature shake incubator Bioshaker BR-300LF) was used. A vibration-proof sheet was placed on a shaking table, and a commercially available polyethylene container with a lid (length 31 cm × width 43 cm × height 20 cm) in which 12 L of artificial seawater was placed on the vibration-proof sheet was installed. After confirming that the artificial seawater reached 10 ° C., the fertilizer container containing the nori culture fertilizer shown in Table 1 was installed in the container in the horizontal direction (confirmed that the entire fertilizer container was immersed). The shaker was shaken at 40 rpm. The artificial seawater at 10 ° C was changed every 3 days. The state of the nori culture fertilizer from the time of installation was observed over time until the 18th day. Furthermore, in order to investigate the elution rate, the residue in the fertilizer container was collected over time, and the mass of the residue after drying (40 ° C.) was measured. The difference between the mass (initial amount) of the nori culture fertilizer initially contained in the fertilizer container and the mass of the residue was taken as the elution amount, and the percentage of elution amount / initial amount was taken as the elution rate.

  Table 2 shows the observation results over time. Examples 1 to 9 followed the same process except that the elution rates were different. Therefore, Example 1 was shown as a representative example, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were also shown. showed that. Moreover, the elution process of the fertilizer in Examples 1-9 was shown in FIG.

  From Table 2 and FIG. 1, in Examples 1-9, it was confirmed that the artificial seawater flows into the fertilizer container one day after the fertilizer container is installed. Furthermore, it was found from FIG. 1 that elution was progressing at a substantially constant rate, and the elution rate was controlled and stable elution was obtained.

  Moreover, from FIG. 1, when calcium sulfate or calcium phosphate is contained (calcium sulfate: comparison between Examples 5 and 2, comparison between Examples 8 and 6. Calcium phosphate: comparison between Examples 9 and 6), or fertilizer container It was found that when calcium salt fine particles were produced in the inside (comparison of Examples 7 and 6), the elution rate of the fertilizer component was slow and it was stably eluted over a long period of time.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 3, it took a little time to start elution (Table 2). In Comparative Example 2, it was confirmed that artificial seawater flowed into the fertilizer container one day after installation, and then elution proceeded at a substantially constant rate (Table 2), but moisture absorption progressed during storage. It was not practical.

On the 6th day from the start of the test, the shape of the nori culture fertilizer was transferred from the fertilizer container to the vat. In Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 2, the whole nori culture fertilizer was in the form of a milky white paste (the fertilizer was in a semi-dissolved state and a mixture of fine particles could be confirmed), and no lumps were observed. FIG. 2 shows the case of Example 1 as a representative example of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 2. On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1 and 3 were transparent sherbet-like (state in which each grain was in contact with water and dissolved without fertilizer being consolidated). FIG. 3 shows the case of Comparative Example 1 as a representative example of Comparative Examples 1 and 3.
It was thought that the difference in the state of the fertilizer as described above caused the difference in the elution method.

Claims (5)

From the group consisting of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, and hygroscopic urea for 100 parts by mass of fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid (excluding calcium nitrate and magnesium nitrate) A fertilizer for nori cultivation, comprising one or more selected hygroscopic compounds in a proportion of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass in terms of anhydrous. 2. The nori culture fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the hygroscopic compound is one or both of calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, and further, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and sulfuric acid per 1 mol of the hygroscopic compound. A fertilizer for nori cultivation containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of magnesium in a proportion of 1 to 3 moles. The fertilizer for nori cultivation according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising calcium sulfate (powder) and 100 parts by mass of fertilizer containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid (excluding calcium phosphate) and A fertilizer for laver cultivation containing either one or both of calcium phosphate (powder) in a proportion of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass in terms of anhydrous. Fertilizers containing nitrogen and / or phosphoric acid are ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 4. One or more types selected from the group consisting of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, lime superphosphate and lime heavy superphosphate. Noriculture fertilizer as described. A fertilizer container for laver culture, wherein the fertilizer for laver culture according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is accommodated in a porous container having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm.

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