JP5727994B2 - バイオフィルム生物の阻害 - Google Patents
バイオフィルム生物の阻害 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5727994B2 JP5727994B2 JP2012502770A JP2012502770A JP5727994B2 JP 5727994 B2 JP5727994 B2 JP 5727994B2 JP 2012502770 A JP2012502770 A JP 2012502770A JP 2012502770 A JP2012502770 A JP 2012502770A JP 5727994 B2 JP5727994 B2 JP 5727994B2
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- biofilm
- infection
- cysteamine
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- 229960003104 ornithine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007918 pathogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940075930 picrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M picrate anion Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229950010765 pivalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004481 post-translational protein modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940031000 streptococcus pneumoniae Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000006103 sulfonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005694 sulfonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSPCKAHMRANGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiohydroxylamine Chemical compound SN RSPCKAHMRANGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000397 ulcer Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000701161 unidentified adenovirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001529453 unidentified herpesvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000712461 unidentified influenza virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000019206 urinary tract infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052613 viral pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001018 virulence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007923 virulence factor Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000304 virulence factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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Description
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤、および
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤とは異なる第2の抗バイオフィルム剤
の逐次投与または併用投与を伴い、第1および第2の抗バイオフィルム剤の少なくとも1つは、抗微生物ペプチド、例えば陽イオン性ペプチドである。
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤、および
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤とは異なる第2の抗バイオフィルム剤
を通常含む薬学的製品を含み、第1および第2の抗バイオフィルム剤の少なくとも1つは、抗微生物ペプチド、例えば陽イオン性ペプチドである。
第1の抗バイオフィルム剤は、抗微生物ペプチド、例えば抗菌ペプチドであってよい。好ましくは、第1の抗バイオフィルム剤は、以下「第1の抗微生物剤」と呼ばれる、抗微生物ペプチドである。第1の抗微生物剤は、式I:
((X)l(Y)m)n (I)
(式中、lおよびmは、1から10の整数、例えば1から5であり、nは、1から10の整数であり、XおよびYは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、独立して、疎水性アミノ酸または陽イオン性アミノ酸である)に従ったアミノ酸を含むことができる。
第2の抗バイオフィルム剤は、バイオフィルムの形成を阻害する任意の作用物質とすることができる。例えば、第2の抗バイオフィルム剤は、細菌の付着、疎水性、またはスライムの生産を阻害し得る。第2の抗バイオフィルム剤は、分散剤および抗付着剤から選択され得る。
本発明の製品は、抗微生物ペプチドを含み得る。
本発明は、本発明に従った製品を環境に投与するステップを含む、前記環境におけるバイオフィルムの形成を予防する方法を提供する。本方法は、インビボであってもエクスビボであってもよい。
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤、および
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤とは異なる第2の抗バイオフィルム剤
を投与するステップを含み、第1および第2の抗バイオフィルム剤の少なくとも1つは、抗微生物ペプチド、例えば陽イオン性ペプチドである。
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤、および
− 第1の抗バイオフィルム剤とは異なる第2の抗バイオフィルム剤
を投与するステップを含み、第1および第2の抗バイオフィルム剤の少なくとも1つは、抗微生物ペプチド、例えば陽イオン性ペプチドである。
表2:S.epidermidis、S.aureus及びP.aeruginosaに対する、試験対象の抗微生物剤の活性の概要。
材料および方法
1.1 細菌株
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853、P.aeruginosa BAA−47(PAO1)、P.aeruginosa DSM1128、P.aeruginosa DSM1299、およびS.epidermidis ATCC35984、S.epidermidis ATCC12228、Staphylococcus aureus 25923、およびメチシリン耐性Staphylococcus aureus DSM 11729(MRSA)(DSMZ、Braunschweig、Germany)をこの研究において用いた。P.aeruginosaの4つの臨床単離物(NH57388A〜D、Hoffmannら、2005頁、2007年)を得、抗微生物剤に対する感受性の試験に用いた。
この研究において試験された抗微生物剤は、10〜20kDaのポリ−L−リシンに対応する陽イオン性ペプチドNP108、臭化水素酸塩、およびシステアミン(NM001)であった。両作用物質は、Sigma−Aldrich(Gillingham、UK)から入手し、ストック溶液を、14〜18MΩcmの純水中に20mg/mlで調製した(Purite HP40水精製システム、Oxon、UK)。溶解した後、調製物を0.22μmのフィルター(Millipore、Watford、England)を用いて濾過滅菌し、−20℃で保存した。
NP339 dRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdR
NP340 Ac−dRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdR−CONH
NP341 dRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdRdR−CONH
NP352 RRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
NP432 RRRFRFFFRFRRR
NP438 HHHFRFFFRFRRR
NP441 HHPRRKPRRPKRRHH
NP445 KKFPWRLRLRYGRR
NP449 KKPRRKPRRPKRKK−システアミン
NP451 HHPRRKPRRPKRHH−システアミン
NP457 RRRRR−システアミン
NP458 RRRRRHH−システアミン
細菌接種材料は、CLSI M26−A法において記載されている0.5マクファーランド濁度標準で標準化された、ミューラーヒントン培養液において活性に増殖している培養物の希釈法によって得た。
バイオフィルム形成の予防を決定するために、細菌接種材料および抗微生物剤の両方をプレートに同時に添加した。プレートを37℃で24時間にわたりインキュベートし、光学密度をマイクロタイタープレートリーダー(BioTek Powerwave XS、Winooski、USA)で、625nmで読み取った。細菌の増殖の完全な阻害を示す抗微生物の最低濃度として、MICを得た。
FICは、抗微生物剤の組み合わせが相乗的、付加的、拮抗的、または中立的であるかどうかを示す相互作用係数に対応する。FICは、以下のように、組み合わされた作用物質の活性(作用物質A+作用物質BのMIC)を、単独の作用物質の活性(作用物質Aまたは作用物質BのMIC)と比較することによって決定される(Singhら、2000年)。
FIC=MICA[combination]/MICA[alone]+MICB[combination]/MICB[alone]
ミューラーヒントン内の全容積が100μlの細菌接種材料を、96ウェルプレート(チャレンジプレート)の各ウェルに添加し、プレートを、回転振とうプラットフォーム(Grant−bio PS−3D、Shepreth、England)上で、24rpmで、37℃で24時間にわたりインキュベートして、バイオフィルムを形成させた。
チャレンジプレートから上清を移した後、バイオフィルムを無菌PBS(1×)で1回すすぎ、4μMのSYTO9を含有する100μlのBacLight生存/死滅蛍光染色溶液(Invitrogen、Paisley、UK)および無菌PBS(1×)内の20μMのヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)を、チャレンジプレートのウェルに添加した。プレートを暗所で15分間にわたり室温でインキュベートし、蛍光を、感度を50に設定し、最下位の光学的位置を選択した、蛍光マイクロタイタープレートリーダー(BioTek Synergy HT、Winooski、USA)で、SYTO9およびPI蛍光についてそれぞれ485(ex)/528(em)および485(ex)/645(em)で読み取った。Axiovert 40蛍光顕微鏡(Zeiss、Gottingen、Germany)でバイオフィルムを直接観察することにより、生存している、および死滅した細菌の存在を同定することが可能となり、バイオフィルムの画像を100から400倍の倍率で得た。
2.1 バイオフィルム形成の予防
グラム陽性細菌およびグラム陰性細菌の両方によるバイオフィルム形成の予防について評価するために、細菌接種材料および抗微生物剤をプレートに同時に添加した。抗微生物剤の濃度範囲は、グラム陰性細菌P.aeruginosa ATCC BAA−47に対しては0〜500μg/mlのNP108および0〜320μg/mlのシステアミンであり、グラム陽性のMRSAに対しては0〜1000μg/mlのNP108および0〜320μg/mlのシステアミンであった。
NP108のMICは62.5μg/mlであり、システアミンでは320μg/mlであった。NP108は250μg/mlで殺菌性であり、一方、システアミンは、320μg/mlまで殺菌性ではなかった(データは示していない)。
NP108のMICは125μg/mlであり、システアミンでは320μg/ml超であった。NP108は125μg/mlで殺菌性であり、一方、システアミンは、320μg/mlまで殺菌性ではなかった(データは示していない)。
細菌バイオフィルムに対するNP108およびシステアミンの活性の評価を、24時間齢のバイオフィルムで実施し、組み合わされた両化合物の活性もまた決定した。細菌バイオフィルムに対する抗微生物剤の活性を、バイオフィルム細胞および存続細胞に対するそれらの活性によって決定した。
図5は、156から625μg/mlのMBECをもたらす、3つのStaphylococcus種のバイオフィルムに対するNP339の高い活性を示す。S.aureus 25923に対する最高用量のNP339での光学密度の増大は、微生物バイオフィルムの複合的で不均一な性質によるアーチファクトであると考えられる。対照的に、NP339はP.aeruginosa BAA−47(PAO1)の増殖を低減させたが、試験した最高用量(すなわち、5mg/ml)でも、バイオフィルム細胞の100%を阻害するには不十分であった。
NP339(図5)と同様に、NP341は、バイオフィルム細胞の生存能力の有意な低減を示した。MRSA 11729およびS.epidermidis 12228でのMBECは625μg/mlであった。NP341は、MRSA 11729およびP.aeruginosa BAA−47(PAO1)のバイオフィルム細胞の生存能力を、2から3倍、低減させた。
図9は、システアミンが、試験対象のグラム陽性細菌およびグラム陰性細菌のバイオフィルム細胞に対する抗微生物活性を有することを証明するものである。
これらの2つの抗微生物剤の組み合わせは、250μg/mlのNP108および62.5から500μg/mlのシステアミンの存在下で、細菌の増殖を完全に阻害した。31.25μg/mlのシステアミンを500μg/mlのNP108に添加すると同様の効果が得られたが、31.25μg/mlのシステアミンと250μg/mlのNP108とを合わせると、細菌の増殖は部分的にしか阻害されなかった。
図14(a)〜(d)は、Pseudomonas aeruginosaの4つの株に対する、最大10mg/mlまで増大する濃度のシステアミンと組み合わされた、NP339の3つの濃度、すなわち1μg/ml、10μg/ml、および100μg/mlの活性を示す。
1− 補足1は、Staphylococcus aureus DSM 11729に対する、試験対象の短いアルギニン抗微生物剤のMICを示す。
2− 補足2は、P.aeruginosa ATCC27853に対する、NP341と組み合わされた粘液溶解剤システアミンおよびN−アセチルシステインの活性を示す。
Claims (18)
- システアミンからなる抗バイオフィルム剤。
- 請求項1に記載の抗バイオフィルム剤を含有する、微生物感染および微生物バイオフィルム感染の治療のための組成物。
- さらに、抗微生物ペプチドを含み、
前記抗微生物ペプチドが、式I:
((X) l (Y) m ) n (I)
(式中、lおよびmは、1から10、例えば1から5の整数であり、nは、1から10の整数であり、XおよびYは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、独立して、疎水性アミノ酸または陽イオン性アミノ酸である)で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項2に記載の組成物。 - 抗微生物ペプチドが、抗菌ペプチドである、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 抗微生物ペプチドが、2から200のアミノ酸を含む、請求項3または4に記載の組成物。
- Xおよび/またはYが陽イオン性アミノ酸である、請求項3から5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 抗微生物ペプチドが、式(I)で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、XおよびYが陽イオン性アミノ酸である、請求項3から6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- Xおよび/またはYが、ヒスチジン、アルギニン、およびリシンからなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- Xおよび/またはYが、アルギニンおよびリシンからなる群から選択される、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 消毒剤または殺生物剤としての能力を有する、請求項3から9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 医薬品として用いるための、請求項3から9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項3から11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物が塗布または接着されている基質。
- さらに、1つまたは複数の薬学的に許容される希釈剤、賦形剤、および/または担体を含む、請求項3から9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 微生物感染またはそれに関連する疾患もしくは状態を治療するための、請求項3から9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記感染またはそれに関連する疾患もしくは状態が、皮膚および創傷感染、中耳感染、胃腸管感染、腹膜感染、尿生殖路感染、口腔軟組織感染、歯垢の形成、眼の感染、心内膜炎、嚢胞性線維症における感染、ならびに留置型医療用デバイスの感染からなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載の組成物。
- 前記感染またはそれに関連する疾患もしくは状態が、細菌、真菌、酵母、ウイルス、および原生動物から選択されるバイオフィルム形成微生物に関連する、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- 前記感染またはそれに関連する疾患もしくは状態が口腔内である、請求項15又は16に記載の組成物。
- 治療上有効な量の
第1の抗バイオフィルム剤、および
第1の抗バイオフィルム剤とは異なる第2の抗バイオフィルム剤
を含有する、微生物感染を予防または治療するための医薬であって、
前記抗バイオフィルム剤の少なくとも1つが抗微生物ペプチドであり、前記抗バイオフィルム剤の少なくとももう1つがシステアミンであり、前記抗微生物ペプチドが、式I:
((X) l (Y) m ) n (I)
(式中、lおよびmは、1から10、例えば1から5の整数であり、nは、1から10の整数であり、XおよびYは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、独立して、疎水性アミノ酸または陽イオン性アミノ酸である)で表されるアミノ酸配列を含む、医薬。
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