JP5725530B2 - 窒素固定化材料及びそれを用いた窒素固定化方法 - Google Patents
窒素固定化材料及びそれを用いた窒素固定化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 175
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 86
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 62
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001070941 Castanea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014036 Castanea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVXBXKLWTLZBHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ClN=C1C=CC(C2=CC=CC=C12)=O Chemical compound ClN=C1C=CC(C2=CC=CC=C12)=O CVXBXKLWTLZBHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004178 biological nitrogen fixation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDSRMADSINPKSL-HSEONFRVSA-N gamma-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO GDSRMADSINPKSL-HSEONFRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940080345 gamma-cyclodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indophenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
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- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
V.Smil日経サイエンス誌、1997年12月号、104−110頁を参照)。従って、石油が枯渇する将来において前記生物体内で必要とされる窒素を供給するためには、ハーバーボッシュ法の代替プロセスの開発が急務であり、国際的な問題となっている。
(試料1)
導電性ポリマーとして、PEDOT(アルドリッチ社製)を1wt%の濃度でニトロメタン中に分散させ、分散溶液0.1gを作製し、容器中にアモルファス酸化チタンナノ微粒子(出光興産(株)製、出光チタニア、平均粒径209nm)を10mg配置し、上記分散溶液を加え混合し、60℃で60分乾燥させ、溶媒を除去した。
また、上記試料1における酸化チタンの量を変えた以外は同じ条件で同様に試料2乃至7を作製し、上記試料1と同様の実験を行なった。この結果を図5に示しておく。なお試料2乃至7の酸化チタンの量は2mg(試料2)、4mg(試料3)、6mg(試料4)、8mg(試料5)、20mg(試料6)、30mg(試料7)とした。
次にアモルファス酸化チタンナノ微粒子にアニール処理を施した後に導電性ポリマー分散液を加えて混合し、60℃で60分乾燥させて溶媒を除去することにより窒素固定化材料を作製した。具体的にはアモルファス酸化チタンナノ粒子を石英管に移し、アルゴン水素(Ar95%、H25%)ガスで30分間パージした後、上記試料を一定温度で1時間アニーリングした。なおアニーリング後は試料が十分冷却されるまで上記ガスを流し続けた。上記ガスの流量は100ml/分とした。アニール処理の温度を異ならせた以外は同様として試料8乃至11をそれぞれ作製し、上記と同様の窒素固定化実験を行なった。なおアニール処理の温度は、それぞれ200℃(試料8)、400℃(試料9)、600℃(試料10)、800℃(試料11)とした。この結果を図6に示しておく。
次に上記試料1と導電性ポリマー分散液を混合した後に溶媒を蒸発させる過程において、溶媒を除去する際の温度、時間が異なる以外は同じ条件で試料12乃至20の作製を行い、上記試料1と同様の実験を行なった。この結果を図7に示しておく。なお溶媒除去の温度は、それぞれ室温(27℃、試料12)、40℃(試料13)、60℃(試料14)、80℃(試料15)、100℃(試料16)、120℃(試料17)、140℃(試料18)、180℃(試料19)、200℃(試料20)とし、溶媒を除去する時間はいずれも60分とした。
次に、試料17と導電性ポリマーにおける溶媒を除去する際の時間が異なる以外は同じ条件で試料21乃至26の作製を行い、上記試料1と同様の実験を行なった。この結果を図8に示しておく。なお溶媒除去の時間はそれぞれ0分(試料21)、10分(試料22)、30分(試料23)、60分(試料24)、120分(試料25)、180分(試料26)とした。
(試料27)
導電性ポリマーとして、PEDOT(アルドリッチ社製)を1重量%含有するニトロメタン分散液0.1gをサンプル管瓶(ラボラン社製、容量5ml、容器底面積約1.76cm2)に入れた。そしてこの分散溶液にルチル・アナターゼ混晶酸化チタンナノ微粒子(日本アエロジル(株)製、TiO2、P25、平均粒径21nm、アナターゼ80%、ルチル20%)を10mg加えて混合し、45℃で40分乾燥させ、溶媒を除去した。
また、上記試料27における酸化チタンナノ微粒子の量を変えた以外は同じ条件で同様に試料28乃至33を作製し、上記試料27と同様の実験を行なった。この結果を図10に示す。なお試料28乃至33の酸化チタンナノ微粒子の量は0mg(参考試料)、5mg(試料28)、8mg(試料29)、9mg(試料30)、10mg(試料31)、20mg(試料32)、30mg(試料33)とした。
次にルチル・アナターゼ混晶酸化チタンナノ微粒子にアニール処理を施した後に導電性ポリマー分散液を加えて混合し、45℃で40分乾燥させて溶媒を除去することにより窒素固定化材料を作製した。具体的にはルチル・アナターゼ混晶酸化チタンナノ粒子を石英管に移し、アルゴン水素(Ar95%、H25%)ガスで30分間パージした後、上記試料を一定温度で30分間アニーリングした。なおアニーリング後は試料が十分冷却されるまで上記ガスを流し続けた。上記ガスの流量は100ml/分とした。次に上記試料27と、アニール処理の温度を異ならせた以外は同様として試料34乃至36をそれぞれ作製し、上記試料27と同様の実験を行なった。なおアニール処理の温度は、それぞれアニーリングなし(室温、試料34)、600℃(試料35)、800℃(試料36)とした。この結果を図12に示しておく。
Claims (2)
- 光触媒機能を有する平均粒径5nm以上500nm以下の酸化チタンナノ粒子である無機物半導体微粒子と、
前記無機物半導体微粒子を覆うClO4 −がドープされたポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)及びこの誘導体の少なくともいずれかを含む導電性ポリマーと、を有する窒素固定化材料であって、
前記導電性ポリマーと前記無機物半導体微粒子の質量比は、前記導電性ポリマーの質量を1とした場合、2以上25以下である窒素固定化材料。 - 光触媒機能を有する平均粒径5nm以上500nm以下の酸化チタンナノ粒子である無機物半導体微粒子と無機物半導体微粒子を覆うClO4 −がドープされたポリ(3,4−エチレンジオキシチオフェン)及びこの誘導体の少なくともいずれかを含む導電性ポリマーを、導電性ポリマーと前記無機物半導体微粒子の質量比が前記導電性ポリマーの質量を1とした場合に2以上25以下となるようにした条件下で、窒素を含む雰囲気中に配置して光を照射する窒素固定化方法。
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JP2001072985A (ja) * | 1999-09-02 | 2001-03-21 | Katsuyoshi Hoshino | 酸化チタンと導電性ポリマーの複合材料を用いた空中窒素の固定化方法 |
JP4098527B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-11 | 2008-06-11 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | 可視光応答性を持つ酸化チタン/導電性ポリマー複合材料からなる高効率な空中窒素固定複合化光触媒材料 |
JP5401666B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-08 | 2014-01-29 | 国立大学法人 千葉大学 | 窒素固定化材料及びその製造方法並びに窒素固定化方法 |
JP5207235B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-05 | 2013-06-12 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | 光機能性複合材、光蓄電池及び光機能性複合材の製造方法 |
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