JP5714786B1 - 微生物燃料電池用電極、微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法及び微生物燃料電池 - Google Patents
微生物燃料電池用電極、微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法及び微生物燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5714786B1 JP5714786B1 JP2014561640A JP2014561640A JP5714786B1 JP 5714786 B1 JP5714786 B1 JP 5714786B1 JP 2014561640 A JP2014561640 A JP 2014561640A JP 2014561640 A JP2014561640 A JP 2014561640A JP 5714786 B1 JP5714786 B1 JP 5714786B1
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Images
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- H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
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Abstract
Description
下記の手順にて、導電性基材(ステンレスメッシュ、材質SUS304、80メッシュ、線径0.12mm)の表面に導電性カーボン材料(粉体状の炭素)を固定した。
抵抗率の測定:
得られた電極の電気抵抗率を、下記の独自の手順に従って測定した。
(ρ:抵抗率(Ω・cm)、t:試験片の厚さ(cm)、R:抵抗(Ω))
得られた電極をアノードとして用い、下記の手順に従って微生物燃料電池の出力密度を測定した。出力密度が高いほど、電気エネルギーの回収効率は高い。カソードとして、カーボンペーパー(東レ社製カーボンペーパー「TGP−H−120」)にポリテトラフルオロエチレン層を焼結させたエアカソードを用いた。カソードの触媒として、白金触媒(田中貴金属社製「TEC10E70TPM」)を用い、触媒のバインダーとして、ナフィオン溶液(シグマアルドリッチジャパン社製「Nafion perfluorinated resin solution」)を用いた。白金は担持量が4mg/cm2になるように、上記カソードのイオン透過性膜側に塗布した。上記イオン透過性膜として、ろ紙(GE Healthcare Japan, Cat.No.1004−240)を用いた。
(P:出力密度、V:負荷回路の両端における電位差、R:負荷回路の抵抗値、A:アノードの外形面積)
抵抗率ρは、1.7×10−3Ω・cmであった。出力密度Pは、300mW/m2であった。得られた微生物燃料電池では、導電性に優れており、耐腐食性が高く、電気エネルギーの回収効率が高かった。また、得られた微生物燃料電池は、優れた有機物除去性能を示した。
上記導電性基材として、ステンレスメッシュ(材質SUS304、20メッシュ、線径0.21mm)を用意した。上記導電性カーボン材料として、炭素繊維を細かく粉砕したミルドカーボン(大阪ガスケミカル社製「ドナカーボ・ミルド S−244」、繊維径13μm、平均繊維長0.7mm、アスペクト比54)を用意した。上記樹脂としてポリビニルブチラール(積水化学工業社製「エスレックB・K BL−1」)を用意した。上記導電性カーボン材料であるミルドカーボン330重量部と、上記樹脂であるポリビニルブチラール100重量部と、上記有機溶剤であるエタノール1000重量部とを撹拌し、混合することにより、導電性カーボン材料が分散された導電性カーボン材料含有液を得た。
下記の手順にて、導電性基材(ステンレスメッシュ、材質SUS304、80メッシュ、線径0.12mm)の表面に導電性カーボン材料(粉体状の炭素)と樹脂とを固定した。
上記導電性カーボン材料として、炭素繊維を細かく粉砕したミルドカーボン(大阪ガス社製「ドナカーボ・ミルド S−244」、繊維径13μm、平均繊維長0.7mm、アスペクト比54)を用意した。
実施例1において、上記有機溶剤であるエタノールの代わりに(a)アセトン、(b)テトラヒドロフラン、(c)N−メチル−2−ピロリドン、(d)ピリジン、(e)酢酸をそれぞれ用いて、各微生物燃料電池用電極、及び各微生物燃料電池を作製した。
上記導電性カーボン材料である黒鉛(伊東黒鉛社製「PC99−300M」、平均粒径42μm)330重量部と、上記樹脂であるポリビニルブチラール(積水化学工業社製「エスレックB・K BL−1」)100重量部と、白金触媒(白金の重量含有率67%)と、上記有機溶剤であるエタノール1000重量部を撹拌し、混合することにより、導電性カーボン材料及び白金触媒が分散された導電性カーボン材料含有液を得た。
1A…アノード
1B…カソード
11…導電性基材
12…被膜
21…微生物燃料電池
22…導線
23…イオン透過性膜
24…撥水性通気性膜
25…空気層
26有機性物質を含む液の入った容器
Claims (13)
- 微生物燃料電池に用いられ、
金属メッシュである導電性基材と、
前記導電性基材の表面を被覆している被膜とを備え、
前記被膜が、導電性カーボン材料及び樹脂を用いて形成されており、
前記導電性基材が前記被膜で被覆されることで構成される微生物燃料電池用電極であり、前記微生物燃料電池用電極の抵抗率が10−5Ω・cm以上、105Ω・cm以下である、微生物燃料電池用電極。 - 前記導電性カーボン材料、前記樹脂及び有機溶剤を含む導電性カーボン材料含有液を、前記導電性基材に塗布した後、前記有機溶剤を蒸発させて除去することにより得られる、請求項1に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極。
- 前記樹脂が架橋性樹脂であり、
前記有機溶剤を蒸発させて除去した後に、前記架橋性樹脂を架橋させることにより得られる、請求項2に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極。 - 前記導電性カーボン材料が、炭素繊維、チョップドカーボン、ミルドカーボン、カーボンブラック、活性炭、黒鉛、グラファイト又はカーボンナノチューブである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極。
- 前記被膜が、前記導電性カーボン材料、前記樹脂及び有機溶剤を含む導電性カーボン材料含有液を、前記導電性基材に塗布し、前記有機溶剤を蒸発させて除去した後、酸素還元触媒を塗布することにより得られる、請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極。
- 前記被膜が、前記導電性カーボン材料、前記樹脂及び有機溶剤を含む導電性カーボン材料含有液を、前記導電性基材に塗布した後、前記有機溶剤を蒸発させて除去することにより得られ、
前記導電性カーボン材料含有液が、酸素還元触媒をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極。 - 微生物燃料電池に用いられる電極の製造方法であって、
導電性カーボン材料、樹脂及び有機溶剤を含む導電性カーボン材料含有液を、金属メッシュである導電性基材に塗布した後、前記有機溶剤を蒸発させて除去することにより、微生物燃料電池用電極を得る、微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法。 - 前記樹脂が架橋性樹脂であり、
前記有機溶剤を蒸発させて除去した後に、前記架橋性樹脂を架橋させることにより、微生物燃料電池用電極を得る、請求項7に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法。 - 前記導電性カーボン材料が、炭素繊維、チョップドカーボン、ミルドカーボン、カーボンブラック、活性炭、黒鉛、グラファイト又はカーボンナノチューブである、請求項7又は8に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶剤を蒸発させて除去した後、酸素還元触媒を塗布することにより、微生物燃料電池を得る、請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記導電性カーボン材料含有液が、酸素還元触媒をさらに含む、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法。
- アノードと、カソードと、前記アノードと前記カソードとを接続している導線とを備え、
前記アノード及び前記カソードの内の少なくとも一方が、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極である、微生物燃料電池。 - アノードと、カソードと、前記アノードと前記カソードとを接続している導線とを備え、
前記アノード及び前記カソードの内の少なくとも一方が、請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載の微生物燃料電池用電極の製造方法により得られる微生物燃料電池用電極である、微生物燃料電池。
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