JP5702266B2 - Crushing device and chip conveying device using the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a crushing device that crushes chips generated when a workpiece is cut by a machine tool, and a chip conveying device that conveys chips using the crushing device.

In machine tools that process metals and non-metals, chips generated when a workpiece is cut are discharged to the outside by a device that uses a roller conveyor, screw conveyor, or scraper conveyor, but the chips are spirally entangled with each other. Often lumps. Since this is bulky and the recovery efficiency is poor, for example, a volume reduction process as shown in Patent Document 1 is performed. A crushing processing device is arranged below the chip discharge section of the conveyor device, and the conveyed chips are crushed and dropped into a chip bucket (paragraph 0006 of the same publication), or a crushing processing device is arranged in the middle of conveying the conveyor device. The chip is pulled up and crushed and dropped from the chip discharge part to the chip bucket. Chips that fall into the chip bucket are manually discharged to a dumping site.

Japanese Patent No. 4473596

The processing of chips requires labor costs and equipment costs, and is a troublesome waste in a processing factory. Although it can be diverted as a recycled material, it has been a long-standing problem that chip disposal that does not produce great value can be processed easily and at low cost.

Moreover, in order to arrange | position a crushing processing apparatus after arrange | positioning a chip bucket around a machine tool, a space is required. Moreover, even if it arrange | positions a crushing processing apparatus in the middle of a conveyor apparatus like patent document 1, the chip bucket must be arrange | positioned around a machine tool, and discharge to a dumping site depends on human power exclusively. Become.

An object of the present invention is to provide a crushing device and a chip conveying device that can crush chips and transport them to a disposal site without requiring a space around a machine tool.

The crushing device of the present invention has a horizontal rotating shaft, receives the chips discharged from the conveyor device from above, and a position of the rotating blade at a position where the blade of the rotating blade starts to descend from top to bottom. An upper fixed blade that is disposed facing each other with a rotation gap g in a side view between the blade tip and an upper fixed blade having a plurality of groove-shaped first passages on a surface facing the rotary blade; A lower fixed blade that is disposed facing each other at a position where the blade of the rotary blade finishes descending from above to the blade tip of the rotary blade with a rotation gap g in a side view. A lower fixed blade having a plurality of second passages shallower than the passage of the fixed blade, and a chip reservoir for retaining chips between the upper fixed blade and the lower fixed blade, wherein the first passage includes the first passage, A passage that guides the chips received by the rotary blade to the chip reservoir, and the second passage is a front passage. Characterized in that it is a path for dropping the chips under the rotary blades from chips reservoir.

Furthermore, according to the chip conveying device of the present invention, the rotating blade of the crushing device is disposed under the discharge port of the conveyor device, and has a duct that sucks and conveys chips falling from the crushing device. Features.

According to the crushing apparatus of the present invention, since the amount of chips that can pass through the upper fixed blade and the lower fixed blade differs depending on the depth of the passage, the chips temporarily stay in the chip reservoir. The chip reservoir can serve as a buffer, and the chips that have fallen into the crushing device as a lump can be finely and continuously finely discharged. Since the upper fixed blade and the lower fixed blade are provided with a gap between the rotary blade and do not cut chips, a large force is not necessary for the rotation of the rotary blade. For this reason, a crushing device for crushing chips is attached to the discharge port of a conveyor device that is ancillary equipment of a machine tool, and further, a conveying device that sucks the crushed chips with a blower and conveys them to a disposal site is integrated. Thus, compared with conventional chip transport methods, it is possible to perform compact chip processing at low cost without the need to carry out chips manually.

It is a figure which shows a machine tool, a conveyor apparatus, and a chip conveyance apparatus. It is a figure which shows a crushing apparatus. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a fixed blade and a rotary blade. It is a figure which shows a conveyance chamber. It is a figure which shows a separator. It is a figure which shows the layout in the factory which installed the chip conveyance apparatus.

Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, the crushing apparatus 10 of the Example and the chip conveyance apparatus 100 using the crushing apparatus 10 are demonstrated.
FIG. 1 shows a machine tool 1, a conveyor device 2, and a chip conveying device 100. The conveyor device 2 receives the cutting fluid and chips that fall below the machine tool 1. An endless belt 3 that circulates between the driving wheel 4 and the driven wheel 5 is provided inside the conveyor device 2. The cutting fluid dropped from the chip discharge port of the machine tool 1 is accumulated in the conveyor device 2, purified, and supplied to the machine tool 1 again. On the other hand, the chips dropped from the machine tool 1 are pulled up to the drive wheel 4 side by the action of the endless belt 3 and discharged from the discharge port 6 of the conveyor device 2. Here, the drive shaft of the crushing device may be driven by the drive shaft 4 directly without using a sprocket and using a sprocket.

The crushing device 10 is attached to the discharge port 6 and crushes the discharged chips. A driving source of the crushing device 10 is obtained from a motor (not shown) that rotates the driving wheel 4. Specifically, a sprocket is attached to the tip of the drive shaft directly connected to the drive wheel 4, and the rotation is transmitted by the chain 7. For this reason, it is set as the mechanism which operate | moves for the crushing apparatus 10 without using a new drive motor.

Below the crushing device 10, a transfer chamber 20 is provided for collecting and transferring chips dropped from the crushing device 10. A duct 60 extends from the transfer chamber 20 and is connected to a remotely located separator 30. A blower 40 and a chip bucket 50 are disposed around the separator 30. Among these, the crushing device 10, the transfer chamber 20, the separator 30, the blower 40, and the duct 60 constitute the chip transfer device 100.

The chip conveying device 100 will be schematically described. First, chips discharged in a lump or intermittent state by the conveyor device 2 are crushed by the crushing device 10, and the chips crushed continuously finely are transported. Drop to 20 The transfer chamber 20 is brought into a negative pressure state by the blower 40 through the duct 60, and the fallen chips are transferred through the duct 60 together with the surrounding air. In the separator 30, air and chips are separated. The crushing device 10 makes the lumped chips fine and continuously discharged, thereby enabling conveyance by air.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the crushing device 10. FIG. 2A shows a cross section of the crushing device 10. The crushing device 10 has a quadrangular cross section, and a rotary blade 11 provided with a rotational force from the chain 7 at the center rotates counterclockwise in the figure. At the four corners of the crushing apparatus 10, an upper fixed blade 12 and a lower fixed blade 13 are provided. The upper fixed blade 12 and the lower fixed blade 13 on the side on which the counterclockwise rotating blade descends (drawing, left side) mainly crushes, and the upper fixed blade 16 and the lower fixed blade 17 on the rising side (drawing, right side). Is a spare (upper and lower stages are reversed). An enclosed space is provided between the upper fixed blade 12 and the lower fixed blade 13 and serves as a chip reservoir 14.

FIG. 2B shows the rotary blade 11. The rotary blade 11 has a horizontal rotary shaft 15 and receives chips discharged from the conveyor device 2 from above. In this embodiment, a plurality of blades are provided at equiangular intervals on a circular steel plate having a thickness on a shaft rotating at a low speed in order to improve chip grindability, and a plurality of blades are overlapped. The mounting angle of each rotating blade 11 mounted on the rotating shaft 15 is mounted by shifting the angle of the blade 11a. In the figure, it is set to be half (p / 2) of the circular pitch p of the blade of the rotary blade 11. This is so that even if a large amount of chips fall on the crushing device at once, the crushing load is dispersed and does not reach all the rotary blades 11.

2C and 2D show the upper fixed blade 12. 2C is a front view and FIG. 2D is a side view. The upper fixed blade 12 is arranged at a corner where the counterclockwise rotating blade 11 begins to descend, and is shaped like one side of a square bar is cut off, and a blade 12a is provided at this position. The blade 12a of the upper fixed blade 12 has a plurality of concave and convex groove-shaped first passages 12b having a groove width of about 6 millimeters, and the groove depth d1 is about 4 millimeters. Further, the passage 12b is parallel to the rotational direction A of the rotary blade 11.

2E and 2F show the lower fixed blade 13. 2E is a front view and FIG. 2F is a side view. The lower fixed blade 13 is disposed at the corner where the counterclockwise rotating blade finishes descending, and is shaped like one side of a square bar is cut off, like the upper fixed blade 12, and the blade 13a is provided at this position. It has been. The blade 13a of the lower fixed blade 13 has a plurality of concave and convex groove-shaped second passages 13b with a groove width of about 6 mm, and the groove depth d2 is shallower than the blade 12a of the upper fixed blade 12 and is about 2 On the order of millimeters. Further, the passage 13b of the lower fixed blade 13 intersects the rotational direction A of the rotary blade 11, and is inclined about 30 ° in this embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the rotary blade 11, the upper fixed blade 12, and the lower fixed blade 13. The blade tip of the rotary blade 11 and the upper fixed blade 12 and the lower fixed blade 13 attached to the upper and lower portions face each other with a slight rotation gap. The gap g is set to 0.5 mm, which is larger than the assumed chip thickness of 0.2 mm. As described above, the rotary blade 11 and the fixed blades 12 and 13 do not cut the chips by shearing, but are able to shred the chips finely by cutting them into pieces or breaking them. Further, by not cutting, the life of the blades 11a, 12a, and 13a is kept long, and the load on the motor that rotates the rotary blade 11 is reduced.

The depth of the first passage 12b of the upper fixed blade 12 is about 4 mm, and the depth of the second passage 13b of the lower fixed blade 13 is about 2 mm. The depth d1 of the first passage 12b is a passage for guiding the chips received by the rotary blade 11 to the chip reservoir 14, and a large amount of chips can easily enter at a time by increasing the depth. Further, the depth d2 of the second passage 13b is a passage through which the chips fall from the chip reservoir 14 below the rotary blade 11, and is shallower than the passage of the first passage 12b, and it is difficult for chips to come out. For this reason, chips remain in the chip reservoir 14. Further, due to the difference in the depths d1 and d2 of the passages 12b and 13b, there is a mechanism of rough crushing with the upper fixed blade 12 and fine crushing with the lower stage.

Further, the groove widths of the upper fixed blade 12 and the lower fixed blade 13 are both about 6 mm. However, the lower fixed blade 13 is inclined by 30 ° so as to intersect the rotary blade 11. It is different from the groove shape parallel to the rotary blade 11. The reason why the shapes of the upper and lower fixed blades 12 and 13 are different is that the introduced chips first contact the upper fixed blade 12 and there is no burden of the force (rotational torque) to be crushed at this time. Since the shape of the blade is parallel to the rotational direction with less resistance so that the chips are caught in the upper rotary blade 12, the crushed chips enter the chip reservoir 14. On the other hand, since it is difficult to come out between the lower fixed blade 13 and the rotary blade 11, the chips are more likely to stay in the chip reservoir 14.

On the other hand, since the blade 13a of the lower fixed blade 13 has a shallow groove and is inclined by 30 ° with respect to the rotational trajectory of the rotary blade, chips are pressed against the lower fixed blade 13 to improve the crushing performance. And it becomes difficult to discharge | emit chips easily from between the lower fixed blade 13 and the rotary blade 11, and it becomes possible to crush it little by little.

Since the chips discharged from the conveyor device 2 in a lump or intermittently are temporarily stored in the chip reservoir 14, this acts as a buffer, and the chips are discharged little by little continuously. Moreover, the crushing apparatus 10 can obtain an effective crushing performance regardless of the length of chips.

When crushing is performed, it is inevitable that the crushing performance is lowered due to wear of the blades. However, in the crushing apparatus 10, the rotary blade 11 starts to rise upward in the crushing chamber, on the side rotating in the upward direction. The upper fixed blade 16 and the lower fixed blade 17 (the drawing, the right side) are attached by bolts 18 at the positions where they have been lifted and removed, and the fixed blade 12 or 13 that has been worn away is replaced with the spare fixed blade 16 or 17. It can be easily replaced.

The spare fixed blades 16 and 17 do not normally function for crushing, but the spare fixed blades 16 and 17 that are at positions where the rotary blade 11 rotates in the upward direction are caused by chips dropped from the conveyor device 2. Moreover, it plays the role of a partition for preventing falling through the rising side of the rotary blade 11 without being crushed. By doing so, it is possible to maintain the fixed blade, which is the key to crushing, in a short time and at low cost without stopping the operation of the machine tool for a long time.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the transfer chamber 20. The transfer chamber 20 is provided directly below the crushing apparatus 10 and receives the crushed falling chips. The side wall of the transfer chamber 20 has a hopper shape in order to improve dischargeability. A connection port 21 (suction port) to the duct 60 sucked by the blower 40 is provided on one side of the side wall, and an inspection port is provided on the opposite side wall. A cap 23 covering 22 is provided. The inspection port 22 is a hole for checking the clogged state of the connection port 21, and exists on the extension of the connection port 21. When the transport chamber 20 is clogged with chips, the cap 23 is removed, and the scraping rod 25 removes the chips.

FIG. 4B shows an example in which a partition plate 24 is provided at the entrance of the connection port 21. This is in order to avoid a state in which finely divided chips rush into the connection port 21 at one time and air cannot enter and exit. By providing the partition plate 24, a pressure difference is generated between the left and right sides of the partition plate 24 due to the rush situation of chips, thereby preventing clogging.

FIG. 5 shows the separator 30. The separator 30 is provided in the middle of a duct 60 that connects the transfer chamber 20 and the blower 40 so that crushed chips do not flow into the blower. Many separators for separating dust and air employ a centrifugal separation system (cyclone) that generates a vortex and separates it by the difference in specific gravity between the air and the transported object. In the case of a cyclone, there is a drawback that the separation performance is not stable unless the air volume (wind speed), the specific gravity of the conveyed product, and the cyclone shape dimensions are matched. In the separator 30 of the present embodiment, in terms of appearance, the upper space S1 is a tank made up of a square box portion 30a, and the lower space S2 is a tank made up of an inverted pyramid-shaped skirt portion 30b. A discharge port 32 is provided. The upper space is divided into three in the horizontal direction by the first separation plate 33 and the second separation plate 34. On the inlet 31 side inside the tank, the crushed chips sucked by the blower 40 strike the first separation plate 33 disposed at a position facing the crushed chips immediately after flowing into the tank from the duct 60. Most of the crushed chips fall into the lower space and are separated by the first separation plate 33.

After that, the air rises while decelerating (arrow B in the figure), and is led to the discharge rod 32, but relatively light and small crushing chips that could not be separated by the first separation plate 33 move to the side wall in the tank. In order to prevent this, the second separation plate 34 is provided in front of the discharge port 32 in the tank in order to prevent this. The second separation plate 34 is partitioned downward from the tank side wall at an angle θ of about 45 degrees, and the interval T between the first and second separation plates 33 and 34 is 3/3 of the tank inner width W. The passage width is about one. A space 35 below the separation plate 34 is a closed space in the form of a bag path, and pushes back the chips that are going to fly up toward the discharge port 32 (in the direction of arrow B).

A punching steel plate 37 is attached to a position that has risen through the first and second separation plates 33 and 34. This punching steel plate 37 is provided to suppress the passage of floating chips. Further, in the upper space that has passed through the punched steel plate 37, the pipe 36 is disposed with the opening 36 a facing upward, and is connected to the discharge port 32. The reason why the two openings 36a are provided is that the area of the suction port is made larger than the cross-sectional area of the discharge port 32, and the flow velocity at the discharge port 32 is lowered at the position of the opening 36a. In addition, since the opening 36a faces upward, air is sucked and discharged from above, so that it is difficult to suck chips floating from below.

The operation of the thus configured chip transport device 100 will be described. The chips discharged from the machine tool 1 are separated from the cutting fluid by the endless belt 3 in the conveyor device 2 and conveyed to the discharge port 6. In this state, the chips are already entangled and become lump-shaped chips a (FIG. 3). In particular, in a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor, since the chips are conveyed intermittently, the lump tends to increase. The block-shaped chips a are drawn into the chip reservoir 14 by the rotary blade 11. Since the upper fixed blade 12 has the deep first passage 12b parallel to the rotation direction of the rotary blade 11, even if it is a large lump, it is pushed into the chip reservoir 14 while being roughly crushed.

The chips accumulated in the chip reservoir 14 are gradually crushed while being pushed into a narrow second passage 13b between the rotary blade 11 and the lower fixed blade 13 of the shallow groove cut obliquely, and the conveyance chamber 20 To fall continuously. Since the finely divided chips c are no longer in a lump state, they are sucked by the suction force of the blower 40 and reach the separator 30 via the duct 60.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which the chip conveying apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is laid out in the factory. A plurality of machine tools 1 are installed, and chips are intensively conveyed from the crushing apparatus 10 attached to each of the machine tools 1 to the separator 30 disposed in the remote disposal site T through the duct 60. The dumping site T may be about 50 m away from the machine tool, but the duct 60 is connected during this time. Thus, the duct 60 is only passed through the periphery of the machine tool 1, and the crushing device 10 uses only the space under the discharge port where the conveyor device 2 originally arranged the chip bucket. It is. And since conveyance of a chip | tip is integrated in a dumping site using aerodynamic force, the effort which moves a chip bucket to the dumping site T is unnecessary.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Machine tool 2 Conveyor apparatus 3 Endless belt 10 Crushing apparatus 11 Rotary blade 12 Upper stage fixed blade 12b 1st channel | path 13 Lower stage fixed blade 13b 2nd channel | path 14 Chip reservoir 20 Conveying chamber 30 Separator 40 Blower 60 Duct 100 Chip conveying apparatus

Claims (12)

A rotary blade having a horizontal rotation axis and receiving chips discharged from the conveyor device from above;
An upper fixed blade that is disposed facing each other with a rotational gap g in a side view between the blade tip of the rotary blade at a position where the blade of the rotary blade starts to descend from above, An upper fixed blade having a plurality of groove-shaped first passages on the surface facing
A lower fixed blade that is disposed facing each other at a position where the blade of the rotary blade has finished descending from above to the blade tip of the rotary blade with a rotation gap g in a side view. A lower fixed blade having a plurality of second passages shallower than the blade passage;
There is a chip reservoir for retaining chips between the upper fixed blade and the lower fixed blade, and the first passage is a passage for guiding the chips received by the rotary blade to the chip reservoir, 2. The crushing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the passage 2 is a passage for dropping chips from the chip reservoir below the rotary blade.
The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotary blade has a plurality of blades arranged at an equal angle.
The chip conveying apparatus using the crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotary blade of the crushing apparatus is disposed below a discharge port of the conveyor apparatus, and sucks and conveys chips falling from the crushing apparatus. It has a chip conveying apparatus characterized by having.
The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotary blade is rotated by a rotational force of a motor that drives a drive wheel of an endless conveyor of the conveyor device.
3. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first passage is a passage parallel to the rotation direction of the rotary blade, and the second passage is a passage intersecting the rotation direction of the rotary blade. Crushing equipment.
3. The crushing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper fixed blade and the preliminary fixed blade are disposed at positions where the rotary blade starts to rise from the bottom and finishes rising, and chips dropped from a conveyor crushing and wherein the partition and to Rukoto to prevent fall through the rising side of the rotary blade.
3. The crushing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotary blade is a rotary blade in which a plurality of circular steel plates having a plurality of blades arranged at equal angular intervals are stacked, and the circular steel plates overlapping one after the other have half the pitch of the blades. A crushing apparatus characterized by being stacked at an angle shift.
3. A chip conveying apparatus using the crushing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a conveying chamber that receives chips falling from the crushing apparatus, wherein the conveying chamber is a blower in which chips dropped in the conveying chamber are remotely arranged. A chip that has a suction port that connects a duct that receives a suction force from the suction port, and an inspection port that is an extended line of the suction port and that is open to the outside of the transfer chamber on the opposite side of the transfer chamber. Conveying device.
The chip conveying apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a partition plate is provided at an inlet of the suction port, and the inlet is divided into two by the partition plate.
9. The chip conveying device according to claim 8, further comprising a separator for dropping and collecting the chips conveyed by the duct into an inner lower space, wherein the separator divides the inner upper space into three in the horizontal direction. 1 and 2 including a second separation plate, the first separation plate is disposed on the opposite side to flow into the separator from the duct, and guides the inflow air from the duct to the lower space, and the second separation plate The separation plate is inclined at 45 degrees, closes the space divided on the opposite side of the duct into a bag path, and the space between the first separation plate and the second separation plate is connected to the prower. A chip conveying device characterized by comprising:
The chip conveying device according to claim 10, wherein a discharge port with an opening facing upward is provided in a space between the first separation plate and the second separation plate and connected to the blower. Conveying device.
12. The chip conveying device according to claim 11, wherein a punching steel plate is provided below the discharge port, and air in a space between the first separation plate and the second separation plate is discharged to the discharge port via the punching steel plate. Chip conveying device characterized by being sucked into the chip.