JP5691863B2 - Power receiving device, vehicle, power transmitting device, and non-contact power feeding system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power receiving device, a vehicle, a power transmission device, and a non-contact power feeding system, and more specifically to a non-contact power feeding technology that transfers power by electromagnetic resonance.

  As environmentally friendly vehicles, vehicles such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are attracting a great deal of attention. These vehicles are equipped with an electric motor that generates driving force and a rechargeable power storage device that stores electric power supplied to the electric motor. Note that the hybrid vehicle includes a vehicle in which an internal combustion engine is further mounted as a power source together with an electric motor, and a vehicle in which a fuel cell is further mounted together with a power storage device as a DC power source for driving the vehicle.

  As a method for transmitting electric power from a power source outside the vehicle to such a vehicle, wireless power transmission that does not use a power cord or a power transmission cable has attracted attention in recent years. As this wireless power transmission technology, three technologies, known as power transmission using electromagnetic induction, power transmission using electromagnetic waves such as microwaves, and power transmission using a resonance method are known.

  Among these methods, the resonance method is a non-contact power transmission technique in which a pair of resonators (for example, a pair of resonance coils) are resonated in an electromagnetic field (near field), and power is transmitted through the electromagnetic field. It is possible to transmit power over a long distance (for example, several meters).

  As described above, in power transmission using the resonance method, the distance between the power transmission device and the power reception device can be made relatively large, and therefore it is conceivable that an object enters between the power transmission device and the power reception device. .

  Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2010-252498 (Patent Document 1) detects an object entering between power transmission / reception units using a camera or an infrared sensor in a contactless charging system using a resonance method, and detects the entry of the object. A configuration for outputting an alarm in the event of a failure is disclosed.

JP 2010-252498 A JP 2007-267578 A JP 2004-208383 A

  Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-252498 (Patent Document 1) describes that a camera or an infrared sensor may be used to detect the entry of an object between power transmission / reception units. The detailed procedure for the specific detection used has not been studied.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to appropriately detect foreign matter between a power transmission device and a power receiving device in a non-contact power feeding system and to deal with the foreign matter. It is to suppress the influence.

  A power reception device according to the present invention includes a power reception unit, a power storage device, first and second detection devices, and a control device, and receives power transferred from the power transmission device in a contactless manner by electromagnetic resonance. The power reception unit receives power from the power transmission device by electromagnetic resonance with a power transmission unit included in the power transmission device. The power storage device stores the power received by the power receiving unit. The first detection device detects the movement of an object that enters between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The second detection device detects information related to a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The control device determines the presence / absence of a foreign object between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices.

  Preferably, when the first detection device detects that no object enters, the control device detects information on the temperature distribution by the second detection device while executing the power transmission operation from the power transmission device. .

  Preferably, the control device determines a power transmission operation from the power transmission device in advance when an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold is detected based on the information on the temperature distribution detected by the second detection device. Stop for a specified period.

  Preferably, the control device has a second threshold value in which the temperature of an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value is lower than the first threshold value after a predetermined period has elapsed. If it falls below, the user is notified.

  Preferably, the control device has a third threshold value having a value between the first threshold value and the second threshold value. The control device has a value between the second threshold value and the third threshold value when the temperature of the object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value after a predetermined period has elapsed. Is transmitted, the power transmission operation from the power transmission device is resumed.

  Preferably, the control device has a third threshold value having a value between the first threshold value and the second threshold value. The control device has a value between the first threshold value and the third threshold value when the temperature of the object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value after a predetermined period has elapsed. Is displayed, the user is notified that the temperature is abnormal.

  Preferably, when it is detected by the first detection device that an object has entered, the control device sets the transmitted power from the power transmission device to be smaller than a predetermined reference power until a predetermined period has elapsed. To do.

  Preferably, an alarm output unit is further provided for outputting a warning to an object that has entered during a predetermined period.

  Preferably, the control device stops the power transmission operation from the power transmission device when the first detection device further detects that there is an entering object after the predetermined period has elapsed.

  Preferably, after the predetermined period has elapsed, the control device notifies the user when it is further detected by the first detection device that an object has entered.

Preferably, the first detection device includes an infrared sensor.
Preferably, the second detection device includes a thermo camera.

  Preferably, the detection ranges of the first and second detection devices are set so as to include a range in which an electromagnetic field is generated between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit.

  A vehicle according to the present invention includes a power reception unit, a power storage device, a drive device, first and second detection devices, and a control device. The power reception unit receives power from the power transmission device in a contactless manner by electromagnetic resonance with a power transmission unit included in the power transmission device. The electric power received by the power storage device and the power receiving unit is stored. The drive device generates travel drive force using the electric power from the power storage device. The first detection device detects the movement of an object that enters between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The second detection device detects information related to a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The control device determines the presence / absence of a foreign object between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices.

  Preferably, the first detection device is arranged such that the direction of the detection visual field is the longitudinal direction on the bottom surface of the vehicle.

  Preferably, the second detection device is arranged such that the direction of the detection visual field is the longitudinal direction on the bottom surface of the vehicle.

  The power transmission device according to the present invention includes a power transmission unit, first and second detection devices, and a control device, and transmits electric power to the power reception device in a contactless manner by electromagnetic resonance. The power transmission unit transmits electric power to the power receiving device by electromagnetic resonance with the power receiving unit included in the power receiving device. The first detection device detects the movement of an object that enters between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The second detection device detects information related to a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The control device determines the presence / absence of a foreign object between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices.

  A contactless power supply system according to the present invention includes a power transmission device including a power transmission unit, a power reception device, first and second detection devices, and a control device, and transfers power in a contactless manner by electromagnetic resonance. The power reception device includes a power reception unit that performs electromagnetic resonance with the power transmission unit. The first detection device detects the movement of an object that enters between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The second detection device detects information related to a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. The control device determines the presence / absence of a foreign object between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, in a non-contact electric power feeding system, while detecting the foreign material between a power transmission apparatus and a power receiving apparatus appropriately, the influence with respect to the said foreign material can be suppressed.

It is a whole block diagram of the non-contact electric power feeding system according to Embodiment 1. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the power transmission by the resonance method. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the distance from an electric current source (magnetic current source), and the intensity | strength of an electromagnetic field. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a planar arrangement of a thermo camera and an infrared sensor in the first embodiment. 4 is a flowchart for illustrating a foreign object detection control process executed by a vehicle ECU in the first embodiment. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the detail of the process in FIG.5 S140. It is a whole block diagram of the non-contact electric power feeding system according to Embodiment 2.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a non-contact power feeding system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the non-contact power feeding system includes a vehicle 100 and a power feeding device 200. Vehicle 100 includes a power reception unit 110, a rectifier 130, a DC / DC converter 140, and a power storage device 150. In addition, vehicle 100 includes a power control unit (hereinafter also referred to as “PCU (Power Control Unit)”) 160, a motor generator 170, a vehicle ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 180, a communication unit 190, and a display unit 195. The alarm output unit 197, the thermo camera 120, and the infrared sensor 122 are further included. Power reception unit 110 includes a secondary resonance coil 111, a capacitor 112, and a secondary coil 113.

  The configuration of the vehicle 100 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1 as long as the vehicle is driven by a motor. For example, a hybrid vehicle including a motor and an internal combustion engine, a fuel cell vehicle including a fuel cell, and the like are included.

  The power feeding device 200 includes an AC power source 210, a power transmission unit 220, a high frequency power source 230, a matching unit 240, a communication unit 250, and a power feeding ECU 260. The power transmission unit 220 includes a primary resonance coil 221, a capacitor 222, and a primary coil 223.

  First, the configuration of the vehicle 100 will be described. The secondary resonance coil 111 included in the power receiving unit 110 is disposed, for example, at the lower part of the vehicle body. A capacitor 112 is connected to both ends of the secondary resonance coil 111 to form an LC resonator. The secondary resonance coil 111 receives power from the power supply apparatus 200 by resonating with the primary resonance coil 221 of the power supply apparatus 200 via an electromagnetic field. Note that the capacitor 112 may be omitted when a desired resonance frequency is obtained by the stray capacitance of the secondary resonance coil 111.

  The secondary resonance coil 111 is connected to the primary resonance coil 221 and the secondary resonance coil 111 based on the distance from the primary resonance coil 221 of the power feeding apparatus 200, the resonance frequencies of the primary resonance coil 221 and the secondary resonance coil 111, and the like. The number of turns is appropriately set so that the Q value (for example, Q> 100) indicating the resonance intensity and κ indicating the coupling degree are increased.

  The secondary coil 113 is disposed coaxially with the secondary resonance coil 111 and can be magnetically coupled to the secondary resonance coil 111 by electromagnetic induction. The secondary coil 113 takes out the electric power received by the secondary resonance coil 111 by electromagnetic induction and outputs it to the rectifier 130.

  The rectifier 130 rectifies the AC power extracted by the secondary coil 113. DC / DC converter 140 is controlled by a control signal from vehicle ECU 180, converts the power rectified by rectifier 130 into a voltage level of power storage device 150, and outputs the voltage level to power storage device 150. Note that when receiving power from the power supply apparatus 200 while the vehicle is running, the DC / DC converter 140 may convert the power rectified by the rectifier 130 into a system voltage and directly supply it to the PCU 160. DC / DC converter 140 is not necessarily required. When the received voltage is compatible with the charging voltage of power storage device 150, the AC power extracted by secondary coil 113 is directly rectified by rectifier 130. You may make it give to the electrical storage apparatus 150. FIG.

  Power storage device 150 is a rechargeable DC power supply, and includes a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery. Power storage device 150 stores electric power supplied from DC / DC converter 140 and also stores regenerative power generated by motor generator 170. Then, power storage device 150 supplies the stored power to PCU 160. Note that a large-capacity capacitor can also be used as the power storage device 150, and a power buffer capable of temporarily storing power supplied from the power supply device 200 and regenerative power from the motor generator 170 and supplying the stored power to the PCU 160. Anything can be used.

  PCU 160 drives motor generator 170 with power output from power storage device 150 or power directly supplied from DC / DC converter 140. PCU 160 rectifies the regenerative power generated by motor generator 170 and outputs charging power to power storage device 150. Motor generator 170 is driven by PCU 160 to generate a vehicle driving force and output it to driving wheels. In addition, motor generator 170 generates electric power by a rotational force applied from driving wheels or an engine (not shown) in the case of a hybrid vehicle, and outputs the generated regenerative power to PCU 160.

  Vehicle ECU 180 controls DC / DC converter 140 when power is supplied from power supply apparatus 200 to vehicle 100. The vehicle ECU 180 controls the voltage between the rectifier 130 and the DC / DC converter 140 to a predetermined target voltage by controlling the DC / DC converter 140, for example. In addition, vehicle ECU 180 controls PCU 160 based on the traveling state of the vehicle and the state of charge of power storage device 150 (also referred to as “SOC (State Of Charge)”) when the vehicle is traveling.

  The communication unit 190 is an interface for communicating with the power supply apparatus 200. Communication unit 190 receives vehicle information such as vehicle specifications and SOC of power storage device 150, a signal for instructing start / stop of power supply from vehicle ECU 180, and transmits it to power supply ECU 260 via communication unit 250 of power supply device 200. To do. Communication unit 190 also receives information transmitted from power supply apparatus 200 and outputs the received signal to vehicle ECU 180.

  The display unit 195 is an interface for notifying the user of information. Display unit 195 displays display information from vehicle ECU 180. Examples of the display unit 195 include display lamps such as lamps and LEDs, and display screens such as liquid crystal panels.

  The alarm output unit 197 receives a command from the vehicle ECU 180 and outputs a warning sound to the outside of the vehicle.

  The thermo camera 120 and the infrared sensor 122 are provided on the bottom surface of the vehicle 100. The thermo camera 120 and the infrared sensor 122 are devices for detecting the presence or absence of foreign matter between the power reception unit 110 and the power transmission unit 220 while power transmission from the power supply apparatus 200 to the vehicle 100 is being performed. The arrangement of the thermo camera 120 and the infrared sensor 122 will be described later with reference to FIG.

  The thermo camera 120 is a sensor for detecting a temperature distribution within the detection range. The thermo camera 120 can output the detected temperature distribution as an image, and can output the maximum temperature / minimum temperature within the detection range and their positions as numerical values. The thermo camera 120 outputs information related to the detected temperature distribution to the vehicle ECU 180. By using the thermo camera 120, it is possible to detect a heating element within the detection range.

  The infrared sensor 122 is a so-called human sensor or passive sensor, and is a sensor that detects the movement of an object having heat within a detection range using infrared rays. In the first embodiment, an example of a sensor using infrared rays is shown. However, as described above, a sensor other than infrared rays can be used as long as it can detect the movement of an object within the detection range. It may be used.

  Next, the configuration of the power supply apparatus 200 will be described. AC power supply 210 is a power supply external to the vehicle, for example, a commercial power supply. The high frequency power supply 230 converts the power received from the AC power supply 210 into high frequency power, and supplies the converted high frequency power to the primary coil 223 of the power transmission unit 220 via the matching unit 240. The frequency of the high frequency power generated by the high frequency power supply 230 is, for example, 1M to several tens of MHz.

  The primary coil 223 is disposed coaxially with the primary resonance coil 221 and can be magnetically coupled to the primary resonance coil 221 by electromagnetic induction. The primary coil 223 supplies the high frequency power supplied from the high frequency power supply 230 to the primary resonance coil 221 by electromagnetic induction.

  The primary resonance coil 221 is installed near the ground, for example. A capacitor 222 is connected to both ends of the primary resonance coil 221 to form an LC resonator. The primary resonance coil 221 transmits power to the vehicle 100 by resonating with the secondary resonance coil 111 of the vehicle 100 via an electromagnetic field. To do. Note that the capacitor 222 may be omitted when a desired resonance frequency is obtained by the stray capacitance of the primary resonance coil 221.

  The primary resonance coil 221 has a Q value (for example, Q> 100) and a degree of coupling κ based on the distance from the secondary resonance coil 111 of the vehicle 100, the resonance frequency of the primary resonance coil 221 and the secondary resonance coil 111, and the like. The number of turns is set as appropriate so that, for example,.

  Matching device 240 includes, for example, a reactor and a variable capacitor. Matching device 240 is a device for adjusting a difference in impedance between power supply device 200 and vehicle 100 that may be caused by a positional deviation between power reception unit 110 and power transmission unit 220 and improving power transmission efficiency.

  As described above, communication unit 250 exchanges information with communication unit 190 included in vehicle 100 by wireless communication.

  Next, an outline of power transmission by the resonance method will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the principle of power transmission by the resonance method.

  Referring to FIG. 2, in this resonance method, in the same way as two tuning forks resonate, two LC resonance coils having the same natural frequency resonate in an electromagnetic field (near field), and thereby, from one coil. Electric power is transmitted to the other coil via an electromagnetic field.

  Specifically, the primary coil 223 is connected to the power source 300, and high frequency power of 1 M to several tens of MHz is supplied to the primary resonance coil 221 that is magnetically coupled to the primary coil 223 by electromagnetic induction. The primary resonance coil 221 is an LC resonator based on the inductance of the coil itself and stray capacitance (including the capacitance of the capacitor 222 when the capacitor 222 is connected to the coil), and has the same resonance frequency as that of the primary resonance coil 221. Resonates with the secondary resonance coil 111 having an electromagnetic field (near field). Then, energy (electric power) moves from the primary resonance coil 221 to the secondary resonance coil 111 via the electromagnetic field. The energy (power) moved to the secondary resonance coil 111 is taken out by the secondary coil 113 magnetically coupled to the secondary resonance coil 111 by electromagnetic induction and supplied to the load 600. Note that power transmission by the resonance method is realized when the Q value indicating the resonance intensity between the primary resonance coil 221 and the secondary resonance coil 111 is larger than 100, for example.

  The correspondence relationship with FIG. 1 will be described. The power source 300 in FIG. 2 generally shows the AC power source 210, the high frequency power source 230, and the matching unit 240 in FIG. Further, the load 600 generally indicates the devices after the rectifier 130 in FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance from the current source (magnetic current source) and the intensity of the electromagnetic field. Referring to FIG. 3, the electromagnetic field is composed of three components. The curve k1 is a component that is inversely proportional to the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as a “radiated electromagnetic field”. A curve k2 is a component inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as an “induction electromagnetic field”. The curve k3 is a component inversely proportional to the cube of the distance from the wave source, and is referred to as an “electrostatic magnetic field”.

  The “electrostatic magnetic field” is a region where the intensity of the electromagnetic wave suddenly decreases with the distance from the wave source. In the resonance method, the energy (using the near field (evanescent field) in which this “electrostatic magnetic field” is dominant is used. Power) is transmitted. That is, by resonating a pair of resonators (for example, a pair of LC resonators) having the same natural frequency in a near field where the “electrostatic magnetic field” is dominant, from one resonator (primary resonance coil) to the other Energy (electric power) is transmitted to the resonator (secondary resonance coil). Since this “electrostatic magnetic field” does not propagate energy far away, the resonance method transmits power with less energy loss than electromagnetic waves that transmit energy (electric power) by “radiant electromagnetic field” that propagates energy far away. be able to.

  In the transmission of power by the resonance method, first, power received from the high-frequency power source 230 is transmitted from the primary coil 223 to the primary resonance coil 221 by electromagnetic induction. The primary resonance coil 221 stores the transmitted power in the inductance and stray capacitance of the coil itself (including the capacitance of the capacitor if a capacitor is connected to the coil) and performs self-resonance to thereby generate an electromagnetic field. Is generated.

  As described above, in power transmission by the resonance method, power transmission can be performed even if the distance between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit is relatively large. Therefore, it is conceivable that small animals such as dogs and cats or other objects enter between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit during power transmission.

  As described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, in the resonance method, electric power is transmitted by resonating the power transmission unit and the power reception unit via an electromagnetic field generated between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit. Therefore, a high-frequency electromagnetic field is generated between and around the power transmission unit and the power reception unit while the power feeding operation is being performed. If there is a foreign object in the electromagnetic field, there is a risk that the power transmission efficiency may be reduced or the foreign object may be affected due to the influence of parasitic capacitance due to the foreign object. In particular, in the case of a metal object, heat may be generated by electromagnetic induction.

  For this reason, in the power transmission by the resonance method, it is necessary to detect the foreign matter in the region where the electromagnetic field is generated and to reduce the influence on the foreign matter when the foreign matter is detected.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement of the thermo camera 120 and the infrared sensor 122 shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 4, thermo camera 120 is arranged at the vehicle rear portion on the bottom surface of vehicle 100 such that its detection range (detection visual field) AR <b> 2 is directed in the forward direction of the vehicle. Furthermore, the detection range AR <b> 2 of the thermo camera 120 is arranged to include an electromagnetic field generation area AR <b> 1 generated between the power transmission unit 220 and the power reception unit 110. With such an arrangement, it is possible to detect the temperature distribution in the electromagnetic field generation region AR1 and its surroundings when the power transmission operation is executed.

  The arrangement of the thermo camera 120 is not limited to the rear part of the vehicle, but the detection range may be directed in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle 100 so that the influence from outside such as solar radiation can be reduced. preferable. The thermo camera 120 may be arranged such that the detection range is directed in the backward direction from the front portion of the vehicle.

  FIG. 4 shows an example in which two infrared sensors 122 are provided. One infrared sensor, like the thermo camera 120, is arranged such that the detection range is directed from the vehicle rear portion to the vehicle forward direction. On the other hand, the other infrared sensor is arranged such that the detection range is directed from the front part of the vehicle to the backward direction of the vehicle. And the whole detection range by these two infrared sensors 122 is arrange | positioned so that electromagnetic field generation | occurrence | production area AR1 may be included. When the electromagnetic field generation area AR1 can be covered by the detection range of one infrared sensor, the number of infrared sensors 122 may be one.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the thermo camera 120 and the infrared sensor 122 are arranged so that the detection direction detected by the thermo camera 120 and the detection direction detected by the infrared sensor 122 face each other with the power transmission / reception unit interposed therebetween. The devices do not enter each other within the detection range between the power transmission / reception units, and foreign objects can be detected with high accuracy.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart for illustrating the foreign object detection control process executed by the vehicle ECU in the first embodiment. The flowchart shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 to be described later is realized by executing a program stored in advance in vehicle ECU 180 at a predetermined cycle. Alternatively, for some steps, it is also possible to construct dedicated hardware (electronic circuit) and realize processing.

  Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, when vehicle 100 is parked by the user such that power reception unit 110 is above power transmission unit 220, vehicle ECU 180 causes step (hereinafter, step is abbreviated as S) 100. Then, it is determined whether or not a charge start request is received from the user.

  If no charge start request has been received (NO in S100), no electromagnetic field is generated, and thus vehicle ECU 180 skips the subsequent processing and ends the processing.

  If a charge start request is received (YES in S100), the process proceeds to S110, and vehicle ECU 180 activates infrared sensor 122, and whether or not an object has entered an area where an electromagnetic field should be generated. Is detected (S120).

  If no approaching object is detected (NO in S120), the process proceeds to S130, and vehicle ECU 180 outputs a power transmission start command to power supply apparatus 200, and causes power supply apparatus 200 to start a power transmission operation. At the same time, vehicle ECU 180 drives DC / DC converter 140 to start a charging operation.

  Then, in S140, vehicle ECU 180 executes the detection process of the foreign matter in the detection range using thermocamera 120 at predetermined time intervals while continuing the charging operation. The details of the process of S140 will be described later with reference to FIG. 6. However, when there is a metal object in the detection range, or when a temperature abnormality is detected in the detection range, the charging operation is stopped and no abnormality is recognized. In this case, the charging operation is continued. Since the temperature rise due to the electromagnetic field hardly occurs instantaneously, the process of S140 may be executed at predetermined time intervals (for example, 1 minute or 5 minutes).

  Vehicle ECU 180 determines whether or not the charging operation is stopped in S150. Note that the charging operation is stopped not only when the charging operation is stopped due to the detection of an abnormality in the process of S140, but also when the power storage device 190 has been normally charged until fully charged. Including the case where the charging operation is stopped.

  If the charging operation is not stopped (NO in S150), the process proceeds to S120, and it is determined whether or not an entering object is detected again by infrared sensor 122.

  If the charging operation is stopped (YES in S150), the process proceeds to S160, and vehicle ECU 180 stops infrared sensor 122 and thermo camera 120 and ends the process.

  On the other hand, when an approaching object is detected by infrared sensor 122 in S120 (YES in S120), the process proceeds to S170, and vehicle ECU 180 issues a command to power supply device 200 to reduce the transmitted power to a reference power or lower. Output. Thereby, the electromagnetic field given to the approaching object can be reduced. Note that the reduction in transmitted power includes stopping power transmission.

  Thereafter, the vehicle ECU 180 uses the alarm output unit 197 to perform a warning operation continuously or intermittently until a predetermined time used for determination in the subsequent S190 elapses. This warning operation is intended to drive out of the electromagnetic field generation region by outputting a warning sound when the approaching object is a living thing, for example. As the warning sound, a dedicated buzzer or voice alarm for the control may be used, or a vehicle horn may be sounded. Then, vehicle ECU 180 determines whether or not a predetermined time predetermined in S190 has elapsed.

  If the predetermined time has not elapsed (NO in S190), the process returns to S120, and it is determined again whether an approaching object is detected by the infrared sensor. If the approaching object is removed from the electromagnetic field generation region by the warning operation performed in S180, the vehicle ECU 180 stops the warning operation and proceeds to S130, and executes the process described above. When the approaching object still remains in the electromagnetic field generation region, the vehicle ECU 180 waits for a predetermined time to elapse while continuing the warning operation of S180.

  If the predetermined time has elapsed (YES in S190), vehicle ECU 180 determines that the approaching object is not a living thing, or even if it is a living thing, there is no intention to go outside the electromagnetic field generation region, and the process is performed. Proceeding to S <b> 200, a command to completely stop the power transmission operation is output to the power feeding apparatus 200. As a result, the influence of the electromagnetic field on the entering object can be eliminated.

  Thereafter, the vehicle ECU 180 stops the infrared sensor 122 and the thermo camera 120 (S210), and notifies the user that power transmission has been stopped by detecting an entering object.

  Next, details of the foreign object detection process using the thermo camera in step S140 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Note that, as described above, this process is executed at predetermined time intervals while the charging operation is being executed.

  Referring to FIGS. 1 and 6, vehicle ECU 180 generates heat that exceeds a predetermined reference temperature α in the detection region based on the temperature distribution information obtained from thermo camera 120 in S300. It is determined whether or not an object exists. The reference temperature α is about 100 ° C., for example.

  If there is no exothermic material (NO in S300), vehicle ECU 180 skips the subsequent processing, returns the processing to the flow of FIG. 5, and advances the processing to S150.

  If it is determined that a heating element is present (YES in S300), the process proceeds to S310, and vehicle ECU 180 outputs a command to stop the power transmission operation to power supply device 200 to temporarily transmit power. Interrupt.

  In step S320, vehicle ECU 180 continues the state in which the power transmission operation is stopped for a predetermined period, and then measures the temperature distribution again using thermo camera 120. Thereby, a temperature change due to the presence or absence of power transmission is detected, and it is determined whether or not the cause of heat generation is due to the electromagnetic field generated by the power transmission operation.

  In S330, vehicle ECU 180 determines whether or not temperature T of the heat generating material has decreased to a temperature lower than threshold value γ (T <γ). The threshold value γ is about 40 ° C., for example.

  When temperature T of the heat generating material has decreased to a temperature lower than threshold value γ (YES in S330), vehicle ECU 180 determines that the cause of heat generation is due to an electromagnetic field generated by the charging operation. In particular, if the temperature rise and fall change relatively quickly, the exothermic material is likely to be a metal-like object with a low specific heat. If such a metal object is in the electromagnetic field generation region, there is a risk of suddenly generating heat at a higher temperature if the power transmission operation is continued. Therefore, vehicle ECU 180 stops the charging operation in S380 and notifies the user to prompt the user to remove the foreign matter (S390).

  If the temperature T of the heat generating material has not decreased to a temperature lower than the threshold value γ (NO in S330), the process proceeds to S340, and the vehicle ECU 180 determines that the temperature T of the heat generating material is equal to the threshold value γ. Although it is above, it is determined whether it is smaller than another threshold value β (α> β> γ) having a value between the reference temperature α and the threshold value γ (γ ≦ T <β). The threshold value β is about 80 ° C., for example.

  When temperature T of the heat generating material is equal to or higher than threshold value γ and smaller than threshold value β (γ ≦ T <β) (YES in S340), vehicle ECU 180 causes the cause of heat generation to be due to the charging operation. It is judged that the specific heat is larger than that of metal and there is no fear of sudden heat generation. Then, the process proceeds to S350, and vehicle ECU 180 outputs a command to restart the power transmission operation to power supply apparatus 200, and resumes power transmission.

  On the other hand, when temperature T of the heat generating material is equal to or higher than threshold value β (β ≦ T) (YES in S340), vehicle ECU 180 determines the cause of heat generation because the temperature is still high even if the charging operation is stopped. Is determined not to be due to a charging operation. As a factor which becomes such a state, the thing by the raise of external temperature, the influence of solar radiation, or the thing by the heat from another heat-generation source etc. can be considered, for example. In this case, vehicle ECU 180 stops the charging operation in S360 and notifies the user of the temperature abnormality (S370).

  After the process shown in FIG. 6, the process returns to step S150 in FIG. 5. If the charging operation is stopped, the process ends. If the charging operation is continued, the process returns to S120. Then, the detection of the presence or absence of the entering object is continued.

  The detection range of the thermo camera includes devices used for power transmission, such as a resonance coil, but these devices also generate heat to some extent due to energy transmission by power transmission operation. For this reason, it is more preferable to prevent erroneous detection of a portion where heat generation is expected to naturally occur by performing a process such as masking on the temperature distribution image captured by the thermo camera.

  By performing control according to the above processing, in the non-contact power feeding system, foreign matter between the power transmission device and the power receiving device can be detected appropriately, and the influence on the foreign matter can be suppressed. Further, by using an infrared sensor and a thermo camera in combination, it is possible to detect the entry and retention of an object in the electromagnetic field generation region and to determine the cause of the heat generation of the foreign matter in the electromagnetic field generation region. .

  In particular, since it is difficult to detect an entry of an electromagnetic field generation region such as a minute metal with an infrared sensor in the first place, it is necessary to detect it by a temperature distribution during a power transmission operation using a thermo camera. In the present embodiment, as described above, foreign matter detection by the infrared sensor is performed before the start of the power transmission operation, and then, when no foreign matter is detected by the infrared sensor, the foreign matter detection by the thermo camera while performing the power transmission operation. To do. In this way, by first performing foreign object detection that does not require a power transmission operation and subsequently performing foreign object detection that accompanies a power transmission operation, it is possible to suppress wasteful power consumption for foreign object detection. .

[Embodiment 2]
In the first embodiment, the configuration in which the vehicle is provided with an infrared sensor and a thermo camera for detecting foreign matter has been described.

  In the second embodiment, a configuration in which an infrared sensor and a thermo camera are provided on the power feeding device side and foreign matter detection is performed by the power feeding ECU will be described.

  FIG. 7 is an overall block diagram of a non-contact power feeding system 10A according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 7, similarly to FIG. 1, the non-contact power feeding system 10A includes a vehicle 100A and a power feeding device 200A. Is different in that it is provided. In FIG. 7, the description of the same elements as those in FIG. 1 will not be repeated.

  The infrared sensor 122A and the thermo camera 120A are installed near the ground such as a parking lot where the power transmission unit 220 is installed. Similarly to FIG. 4, the infrared sensor 122A and the thermo camera 120A are arranged such that their detection ranges include an electromagnetic field generation region.

  The functions of the infrared sensor 122A, the thermo camera 120A, and the alarm output unit 270 are basically the same as the functions of the infrared sensor 122, the thermo camera 120, and the alarm output unit 197 provided in the vehicle in the first embodiment. .

  Power feeding ECU 260 receives information from infrared sensor 122A and thermo camera 120A, and controls according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 in the same manner as vehicle ECU 180 in the first embodiment.

  In this way, foreign object detection can be performed even on a vehicle that does not have an infrared sensor and a thermo camera by performing foreign object detection on the power supply device side.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  10, 10A contactless power supply system, 100, 100A vehicle, 110 power receiving unit, 111 secondary resonance coil, 112, 222 capacitor, 113 secondary coil, 120, 120A thermo camera, 122, 122A infrared sensor, 130 rectifier, 140 DC / DC converter, 150 power storage device, 160 PCU, 170 motor generator, 190 power storage device, 180 vehicle ECU, 190,250 communication unit, 195 display unit, 197,270 alarm output unit, 200,200A power supply device, 210 AC power supply, 220 power transmission unit, 221 primary resonance coil, 223 primary coil, 230 high frequency power supply, 240 matching unit, 300 power supply, 600 load.

Claims (15)

A power receiving device for receiving power transferred from a power transmitting device in a non-contact manner by electromagnetic resonance,
A power receiving unit that receives power from the power transmission device by electromagnetic resonance with a power transmission unit included in the power transmission device;
A power storage device for storing the power received by the power receiving unit;
A first detection device for detecting a movement of an object entering between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A second detection device for detecting information on a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A control device for determining the presence or absence of foreign matter between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices ;
When the control device detects that there is no object entering by the first detection device, the control device detects information on the temperature distribution by the second detection device while executing the power transmission operation from the power transmission device. And
The control device determines a power transmission operation from the power transmission device in advance when an object having a temperature exceeding the first threshold is detected based on the information on the temperature distribution detected by the second detection device. For a period of time
The control device has a second threshold in which a temperature of an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value is lower than the first threshold value after the predetermined period has elapsed. A power receiving device that notifies the user when the value falls below the value . The control device has a third threshold value having a value between the first threshold value and the second threshold value;
In the control device, after the predetermined period has elapsed, the temperature of an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value is set to the second threshold value and the third threshold value. to indicate a value between resumes the transmission operation from the power transmission device, the power reception device according to claim 1. The control device has a third threshold value having a value between the first threshold value and the second threshold value;
In the control device, after the predetermined period has elapsed, the temperature of an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value is set to the first threshold value and the third threshold value. The power receiving device according to claim 1 , wherein when the value between and is indicated, the user is notified that the temperature is abnormal.   When it is detected by the first detection device that an object has entered, the control device sets the transmission power from the power transmission device to be smaller than a predetermined reference power until a predetermined period elapses. The power receiving device according to claim 1. The power receiving device according to claim 4 , further comprising a warning output unit for outputting a warning to an object that has entered during the predetermined period. Said controller, after the predetermined period of time, when it is detected that there is a further approach the object by the first detecting device, the stops power transmission operation from the power transmitting apparatus, according to claim 4 or 5. The power receiving device according to 5 . 5. The power receiving device according to claim 4 , wherein the control device notifies the user when it is detected by the first detection device that an object has entered after the predetermined period has elapsed. 6. .   The power receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the first detection device includes an infrared sensor.   The power receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the second detection device includes a thermo camera.   The power receiving device according to claim 1, wherein detection ranges of the first and second detection devices are set so as to include a range in which an electromagnetic field is generated between the power transmitting unit and the power receiving unit. A power receiving unit that receives power from the power transmission device in a non-contact manner by electromagnetic resonance with a power transmission unit included in the power transmission device;
A power storage device for storing the power received by the power receiving unit;
A driving device for generating a driving force using the electric power from the power storage device;
A first detection device for detecting a movement of an object entering between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A second detection device for detecting information on a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A control device for determining the presence or absence of foreign matter between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices ;
When the control device detects that there is no object entering by the first detection device, the control device detects information on the temperature distribution by the second detection device while executing the power transmission operation from the power transmission device. And
The control device determines a power transmission operation from the power transmission device in advance when an object having a temperature exceeding the first threshold is detected based on the information on the temperature distribution detected by the second detection device. For a period of time
The control device has a second threshold in which a temperature of an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value is lower than the first threshold value after the predetermined period has elapsed. A vehicle that notifies the user if it falls below the value . The vehicle according to claim 11 , wherein the first detection device is arranged such that a direction of a detection visual field is a longitudinal direction on a bottom surface of the vehicle. The vehicle according to claim 11 , wherein the second detection device is arranged such that a direction of a detection visual field is a longitudinal direction on a bottom surface of the vehicle. A power transmission device for transmitting power to a power receiving device in a contactless manner by electromagnetic resonance,
A power transmission unit that transmits power to the power reception device by electromagnetic resonance with a power reception unit included in the power reception device;
A first detection device for detecting a movement of an object entering between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A second detection device for detecting information on a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A control device for determining the presence or absence of foreign matter between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices ;
When the control device detects that there is no object entering by the first detection device, the control device detects information on the temperature distribution by the second detection device while performing a power transmission operation,
The control device stops the power transmission operation for a predetermined period when an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold is detected based on the information on the temperature distribution detected by the second detection device. ,
The control device has a second threshold in which a temperature of an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value is lower than the first threshold value after the predetermined period has elapsed. A power transmission device that notifies the user when the value falls below the value . A contactless power feeding system for transferring power in a contactless manner by electromagnetic resonance,
A power transmission device including a power transmission unit;
A power reception device including a power reception unit that performs electromagnetic resonance with the power transmission unit;
A first detection device for detecting a movement of an object entering between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A second detection device for detecting information on a temperature distribution between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit;
A control device for determining the presence or absence of foreign matter between the power transmission unit and the power reception unit based on information detected by the first and second detection devices ;
When the control device detects that there is no object entering by the first detection device, the control device detects information on the temperature distribution by the second detection device while executing the power transmission operation from the power transmission device. And
The control device determines a power transmission operation from the power transmission device in advance when an object having a temperature exceeding the first threshold is detected based on the information on the temperature distribution detected by the second detection device. For a period of time
The control device has a second threshold in which a temperature of an object having a temperature higher than the first threshold value is lower than the first threshold value after the predetermined period has elapsed. A non-contact power supply system that notifies the user when the value falls below the value .

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